湖北赤壁二叠纪一三叠纪之交古海洋沉积环境演化

晚二叠世时,湖北赤壁位于扬子台地与北部硅质岩盆地的过渡地带.特殊的古地理位置,使该地区发育一套独特的地层 沉积序列.沉积微相、古生物化石和草莓状黄铁矿的综合研究表明,晚二叠世长兴期至早三叠世早期,赤壁剖面沉积环境演化 可分为6个阶段:近氧化的深水台缘硅质岩沉积、含氧量正常的台缘缓坡沉积、火山活动加剧而含氧量正常的台缘缓坡沉积、 大灭绝后严重缺氧环境的沉积、大灭绝后贫氧环境下的沉积、大灭绝后氧化环境的沉积.由于赤壁剖面处在远离陆地的台缘缓 坡环境,陆源剥蚀的影响可能比较有限,因此火山作用带来的营养物质可能是引起大灭绝后海洋缺氧的主要原因.      

二叠纪-三叠纪之交双壳类的灭绝与复苏过程

为了建立早-中三叠世双壳类的残存-复苏模式及深入探讨双壳类迟缓复苏的原因,对全球范围内该时期双壳类属的 时限分布进行了统计.总体来看,3个亚纲(Pteriomorphia、Palaeotaxodont和Heteroconchia亚纲)和5种生活方式(外栖活动 类、外栖固着类、半内栖类、内栖浅掘穴类和内栖深掘穴类)的双壳类均展示出了一致的规律,属级分异度直到中三叠世Anisian 期才恢复到晚二叠世末生物大灭绝之前的水平.二叠纪残存类型在早-中三叠世双壳类中所占的比例逐步降低,从占过 渡层的77.3%降低到了中三叠世Anisian期的33.7%,指示双壳类的缓慢复苏过程.而在整个早三叠世的漫长复苏期中,双壳 类仅遭受背景灭绝,表明双壳类的迟缓复苏受限于长时期的高压环境,随着海洋环境的逐步好转,才逐渐出现新的类型.      

新疆拜城新近系含铜岩系沉积体系及沉积环境

新疆拜城地区发育一套新近纪巨厚的陆相碎屑沉积岩系,其中康村组中上部含规模较大的沉积型铜矿,康村组的沉积环境及演化过程对铜矿的形成具有重要意义。基于野外和室内详细的沉积学研究,查明研究区新近系吉迪克组、康村组和库车组总体上为陆相沉积体系,主要包括冲积扇-扇三角洲沉积体系和湖泊沉积体系两大类型,划分为扇三角洲平原、扇三角洲前缘、前扇三角洲、滨浅湖和膏盐湖亚相及若干沉积微相。研究表明研究区康村期主要发育扇三角洲沉积,矿区主要含矿层位于康村组上部红色岩系向灰色岩系转变,沉积环境从扇三角洲前缘亚相到滨浅湖亚相过渡的层位上。     

四川宣汉七里峡T3x/T2l界线沉积环境演化分析

中-晚三叠世之交是四川盆地海陆转换的关键时期,区内中三叠统雷口坡组和上三叠统须家河组是研究该时期古生物多样性变化与古气候环境演化的重要地层单元。四川宣汉七里峡剖面出露完整连续且层序清晰的中三叠世与晚三叠世海陆过渡相地层,是进行四川盆地中-晚三叠世海陆转换研究的理想剖面。基于沉积学理论与研究方法,根据七里峡剖面的沉积岩类型、颜色、构造并结合包裹体、有机碳同位素以及古生物和聚煤特征,将宣汉七里峡地区中三叠统雷口坡组与上三叠统须家河组界线地层沉积相划分为蒸发台地-澙湖潮坪-滨岸沼泽-河口砂坝等类型,揭示了一个完整的海侵-海退旋回。结合古植物和孢粉等化石资料,对宣汉地区晚三叠世初期的古气候特征进行简要分析。     

准噶尔盆地车排子凸起春光区块沙湾组沉积特征新认识

准噶尔盆地车排子凸起沙湾组沉积环境存在较大争议,主流观点认为辫状河三角洲或者滩坝砂沉积。通过对研究区内钻井、古生物、地球物理资料分析认为,车排子凸起沙湾组并非水下环境,而是处于陆上暴露环境,发育冲积扇和河流沉积体系,其中研究区北部发育冲积扇体系,而中南部则发育河流体系,且不同沉积时期沉积体系类型发生变化:沙一段发育冲积扇-辫状河沉积,沙二段发育冲积扇-曲流河沉积,沙三段则缺少典型的河流沉积,以冲积扇体系及洪泛平原沉积为主。总体而言,春光区块沙湾组沉积期具有多物源、多沉积体系发育的特征,垂向上构成了两类冲积扇-河流体系沉积模式。     

基于系统聚类分析的西部地区环境污染程度评价

随着社会经济的不断发展,环境污染问题在西部地区经济发展中越来越凸显出来,不同省区受到不同程度的影响.同时,不同地区的环境污染问题有一定的相似性.应用系统聚类分析方法,通过提炼选取11类指标,对西部地区12省区环境污染程度的距离相似情况进行了评价.结果表明:贵州、甘肃、广西、云南、重庆和陕西等省区的距离相似归为第一类聚类;内蒙古和四川归为第二类聚类;西藏、宁夏和青海等省区的距离相似属于第三类聚类;新疆归为第四类聚类.要处理好生态系统和社会经济发展之间的关系,需要对二者进行协调,并坚持走可持续发展的道路.     

加强钻探工程管理工作的措施和建议

从质量管理、效率管理、技术管理、环境保护、资质管理等几个方面提出了加强钻探工程管理工作的若干措施和建议,以期提高地质岩心钻探的质量和效率,实现经济效益最大化和勘查成果的准确性。     

Geochemistry, Geochronology, Sr-Nd Isotopic Compositions of Jiang Tso Ophiolite in the Middle Segment of the Bangong- Nujiang Suture Zone and Their Geological Significance

The Jiang Tso ophiolite,situated in the middle segment of the Bangong- Nujiang Suture Zone,is a part of the easternmost Qieli Lake ophiolite subzone and is close to the south of Pung Lake ophiolite. The rock association of Jiang Tso ophiolite is relatively complete and is mainly composed of metamorphic peridotite,gabbro and diabase. Comparing with N-MORB,the ophiolite is high in Mg and low in Ti,K,Na,P,and is depleted in Nb,Ta,Hf,Th and enriched in Rb,Sr and Ba. Geochemical characteristics of the Jiang Tso ophiolite indicate it is of a supra-subduction zone type formed in the spreading ridge of back arc basin. The SHRIMP U-Pb dating of zircons from the gabbro yielded a weighted average age of 188.1±4.1 Ma(MSWD=1.4),indicating the Jiang Tso ophiolite was formed in the late stage of early Jurassic. The Sr,Nd isotopic compositions show that the Tethyan mantle domain is the depleted mantle(DM),with enriched mantle domain II(EM II). They have the same Sr,Nd isotopic composition with the India Ocean MORB type.     

Zircon U-Pb Geochronology and Geochemical Characteristics of the Volcanic Host Rocks from the Tongyu VHMS Copper Deposit in the Western North Qinling Orogen and Their Geological Significance

Precise in situ zircon U-Pb dating and Lu–Hf isotopic measurement using an LA-ICP-MS system, whole-rock major and trace element geochemistry and Sr–Nd isotope geochemistry were conducted on the volcanic host rocks of the Tongyu copper deposit on the basis of further understanding of its geological characteristics. Three zircon samples from the volcanic host rocks yielded 206Pb/238 U weighted average ages ranging from 436±4 Ma to 440±5 Ma, which are statistically indistinguishable and coeval with the ca. 440 Ma northward subduction event of the Paleo-Qinling oceanic slab. The volcanic host rocks were products of magmatic differentiation that evolved from basalt to andesite to dacite to rhyolite, forming an integrated tholeiitic island arc volcanic rock suite. The primitive mantle-normalized trace element patterns for most samples show characteristics of island arc volcanic rocks, such as relative enrichment of LILE(e.g. Th, U, Pb and La) and depletion of HFSE(e.g. Nb, Ta, Ti, Zr and Hf). Discrimination diagrams of Ta/Yb vs Th/Yb, Ta vs Th, Yb vs Th/Ta, Ta/Hf vs Th/Hf, Hf/3 vs Th vs Nb/16, La vs La/Nb and Nb vs Nb/Th all suggest that both the volcanic host rocks from the Tongyu copper deposit and the volcanic rocks from the regional Xieyuguan Group were formed in an island arc environment related to subduction of an oceanic slab. Values of ISr(0.703457 to 0.708218) and εNd(t)(-2 to 5.8) indicate that the source materials of volcanic rocks from the Tongyu copper deposit and the Xieyuguan Group originated from the metasomatised mantle wedge with possible crustal material assimilation. Most of the volcanic rock samples show good agreement with the values of typical island arc volcanic rocks in the ISr-εNd(t) diagram. The involvement of crustal-derived material in the magma of the volcanic rocks from the Tongyu copper deposit was also reflected in the zircon εHf(t) values, which range from-3.08 to 10.7, and the existence of inherited ancient xenocrystic zircon cores(2616±39 Ma and 1297±22 Ma). The mineralization of the Tongyu copper deposit shows syn-volcanic characteristics such as layered orebodies interbedded with the volcanic rock strata, thus, the zircon U-Pb age of the volcanic host rocks can approximately represent the mineralization age of the Tongyu copper deposit. Both the Meigou pluton and the volcanic host rocks were formed during the ca. 440 Ma northward subduction of the Paleo-Qinling Ocean when high oxygen fugacity aqueous hydrothermal fluid released by dehydration of the slab and the overlying sediments fluxed into the mantle wedge, triggered partial melting of the mantle wedge, and activated and extracted Cu and other ore-forming elements. The magma and ore-bearing fluid upwelled and erupted, and consequently formed the island arc volcanic rock suite and the Tongyu VHMS-type copper deposit.     

若干冶炼砷渣(场)周边水环境特征研究

对冶炼砒霜产生砷渣堆放后没有扰动砷渣(场)、扰动并已修复的砷渣场及扰动正在修复砷渣场周边水环境进行分析,发现长期堆放后没有被扰动的砷渣(场)周边地表水体达到《地表水环境质量标准》(GB3838—2002)Ⅲ类标准;扰动正在修复和已修复的砷渣(场)周边地表水环境恢复较快,地下水恢复较慢,恢复周期较长。