WH-1型电镀金刚石钻头的研制及其在坚硬、致密和弱研磨性地层中的应用

本文阐述了电镀金刚石孕镶钻头的研制方法和原理。此种钻头适用于坚硬、致密、弱研磨性(即所谓打滑)地层的钻进。攻克“打滑地层”的途径是:(1)降低钻头胎体耐磨性,促使金刚石出刃;(2)改变钻头底唇形状,提高金刚石破碎岩石的比压,增多孔底破碎岩石的自由面,使之易于破碎岩石。从4个钻探队、39个钻头的生产试验结果来看,上述研制工作既合理又有成效。     

Pyrolysis of immature Torbanite and of the resistant biopolymer (PRB A) isolated from extant alga Botryococcus braunii. Mechanism of formation and structure of torbanite

Immature Torbanite and the resistant biopolymer (PRB A) isolated from extant B. braunii were previously compared using bulk spectroscopic methods. In the present work, analysis of 400°C pyrolysis products and pyrolysis residues provided further information on their structure and possible relationships. It appears that such polymers are based upon unbranched, saturated, cross-linked hydrocarbon chains up to C₃₁. In addition to these bridging structures, a substantial part of the alkyl chains is singly bound, as esters of unbranched, saturated or cis unsaturated, even fatty acids. These esters are sterically protected, against chemical degradations, by the network of the bioand geopolymer.Quantitative and qualitative observations derived from 400°C pyrolysis confirm that the chemical structure of PRB A and immature Torbanite are closely related. The pyrolysis residues show a similar evolution and numerous common features are noted, with respect to the nature and the distribution of the major constituents of the pyrolysates (hydrocarbons and fatty acids). Accordingly, Botryococcus provides what seems to be the first example of a close structural relationship between a biopolymer produced in large amounts by an extant alga and the geopolymer of an immature kerogen. The essential role of PRB A in Torbanite formation is ascertained. Moreover, it is found that the resistant biopolymer does not undergo important structural changes during the first stages of diagenesis. Thus, owing to steric protection, the esters of immature Torbanite show a distribution quite close to the one of PRB A esters, with exclusively even constituents and a large contribution of unsaturated acids.Recent observations pointed to the possible genesis of some algal kerogens principally by selective preservation of resistant macromolecules. Such a type of formation is clearly predominant in Torbanite, where the bulk of the fossil organic matter corresponds to a selectively preserved and weakly altered, resistant biopolymer, while incorporation of lipids into the kerogen structure during diagenesis seems to play a minor role.     

鲁西河控浅水三角洲沉积体系及煤聚集规律

大型河控浅水三角洲沉积体系发育于鲁西石炭二叠纪含煤地层的上部，是晚古生代大规模海退时期陆源碎屑物质快速推进的产物。在论述鲁西河控浅水三角洲沉积体系的成因相及其内部构成基础上，将其划分为上三角洲平原和下三角洲平原两大部分，前者在鲁西地区发育最好。研究表明，河控浅水三角洲沉积体系经历了由发育到废期两个完整的演化阶段，废弃阶段为聚煤作用最强，成煤期最好的时期。而且，聚煤作用与沉积体系废戏延续的时间有关，     

东海舟山QZ504孔古生物组合特征及地层划分

东海残留沉积区舟山ＱＺ５０４孔未发现上海地区普遍存在的全新世暗绿色硬粘土层。但通过对该孔微体古生物组合特征的分析与对比，划分了全新世与更新世的更线，反映了气候的变化，证实了滚流对本区的影响。     

深部气层和干层测井模糊综合评判

深部气层和干层的区分是常规测井解释的难题。认识始于实践。本文依据东濮凹陷深层试采资料,建立了两个模式各四个参数的隶属度曲线,进行气层和干层模糊综合评判研究,并用该地区深层试井资料作了检验,效果颇佳。证明模糊综合评判是区分深部气层和干层的一种行之有效的方法。     

喀喇昆仑地区沉积岩特征及岩相变化

喀喇昆仑地区从二叠纪开始,广泛沉积不同类型的碎屑岩、泥质岩、硅岩、碳酸盐岩和混积岩。沉积层序发育完整,白垩纪之前基本上属于稳定的连续造海建造系列。经初步研究,除西部二叠系出现半深水陆架边缘-岛弧盆地相、陆架区冷水型冈瓦纳相沉积和东部下三叠统有具复理石或重力流性质的外陆架半深水碎屑岩-硅泥质岩建造沉积外,大部分都是以细屑岩-碳酸盐岩建造为主的地台型浅海陆棚相和浅海平原相沉积,直到保罗纪末才形成早白垩世,以红色粗碎屑岩为主的陆相磨拉石建造,从而结束了长达1.5亿年连续沉积历史。     

假玄武玻璃及其形成过程和机制综述

对假玄武玻璃的概念和特征以及形成环境和产状作了综合性描述，并对其摩擦熔融成因进行了论证，对假玄武玻璃的形成过程和形成机制以及形成假玄武玻璃的地震断层的动力机制、活动方式和脉动性质进行了深入探讨；同时对母岩矿物性质和流体对假玄武玻璃形成的影响进行了分析，概述了假玄武玻璃形成过程中的化学成分变化，最后提出了有待进一步研究的几个问题。     

山东沂沭裂谷系含金斑岩铜矿床成矿地质特征

沂沐裂谷是中国东部呈扇形展布的大陆裂谷系,从晚侏罗至白垩世裂谷岩浆活动强烈,发育了一套碱性、钙碱性火山建造,尤以中生代钙碱性火山活动具有特色,并常常形成许多巨大的古火山机体,本文通过对产于古火山机体中两个含金斑岩铜岩床研究,初步得出其主要成矿地质特征。     

义县留龙沟金矿含金矿物特征

本文对留龙沟金矿的矿物成分、共生关系、矿物生成顺序,成矿温度进行了一些研究,为探讨矿床成因提供一些资料。     

Case study of Pampa,Texas, multicell storms

Analysis of the Pampa, Texas, multicell storms showed prestorm environmental conditions of a strong horizontal convergence of moisture, mixing ratio 12 g/kg at the 850 mb level in the Texas Panhandle areas and strong winds with shear veering with height. Rapid-scan satellite imagery showed that the clouds penetrated above the tropopause and cloud-top temperatures were at least 4 to 9° C colder than the temperature of the tropopause. This formation and collapsing of high-mass-density overshooting cloud tops above the tropopause is characteristic of tornadoes in the middle portion of the United States.