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651.
IntheLoessPlateau,alongtheslopelengthfromthetoptothebottom,soilerosionischaracterizedbyobviousverticalzonaldivision,thatis,sheeterosionzone,sheeterosionandrillerosionzone,rillerosionandshallowgullyerosionzoneandgullyerosionzone.Inthesheetandrillero..sionzone,rillerosionamounttakesup70%ofthetotalsoilloss[TANGKenetal.,1983,ZHENGFenlietal.,19871;intherillandshallowgullyerosionzone,rillerosionamountaccountsfor30--40%ofthetotalsoilloss.Sorillerosionisamajorerosionpatternonsteepslopeland.Riller… 相似文献
652.
The Zoige Basin is located in the eastern margin of the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau, in which two cores, RH and RM, have been drilled,
with the depths of 120 m and 310 m respectively. The former with the bottom age of 826 kaB. P. has been divided into 21 stages
according to the multi-proxy analysis, which could be basically compared with the oxygen isotope record of deep-sea core.
The palaeoclimatic and palaeoenvironmental process of the Zoigê Basin over the past 900 kaB. P. is reconstructed, and the
comparison of core RH with the Luochuan Loess record is made. 相似文献
653.
Magnetostratigraphy and palaeoclimate of Red Clay sequences from Chinese Loess Plateau 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
Two Red Clay profiles near Xi’an and Xifeng were investigated in an attempt to determine magnetostratigraphic and palaeoclimatic
records. The results show that aeolian dust accumulation and the related East Asia palaeomonsoon system had begun by 6.5 Ma,
and it is deduced that the Tibetan Plateau had reached a significant elevation at that time. The late Tertiary palaeoclimatic
history of the Red Clay as reflected by magnetic susceptibility is reconstructed during the period of 6.5–2.5 Ma. Stepwise
increase in susceptibility of aeolian dust accumulation appears to have a close correlation to the uplift processes of the
Tibetan Plateau. The remarkable increase of aeolian dust accumulation at 3.2 Ma appears to be due to the influence of global
ice volume on the East Asia monsoon. Palaeomonsoon variation during the late Tertiary as recorded in the Red Clay sequences
from the Chinese Loess Plateau can be regarded as the product of a number of interacting factors, such as uplift of the Tibetan
Plateau, solar radiation, global ice volume, etc.
Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China and the Foundation of Xi’an Laboratory of Loess and
Quaternary Geology, Chinese Academy of Sciences. 相似文献
654.
Fan Zhang Xiong Xiao Lijie Wang Chen Zeng Zhengliang Yu Guanxing Wang Xiaonan Shi 《水文研究》2021,35(8):e14330
Climate factors play critical roles in controlling chemical weathering, while chemically weathered surface material can regulate climate change. To estimate global chemical weathering fluxes and CO2 balance, it is important to identify the characteristics and driving factors of chemical weathering and CO2 consumption on the Tibetan Plateau, especially in glaciated catchments. The analysis of the hydro-geochemical data indicated that silicate weathering in this area was inhibited by low temperatures, while carbonate weathering was promoted by the abundant clastic rocks with fresh surfaces produced by glacial action. Carbonate weathering dominated the riverine solute generation (with a contribution of 58%, 51%, and 43% at the QiangYong Glacier (QYG), the WengGuo Hydrological Station (WGHS), and the lake estuary (LE), respectively). The oxidation of pyrite contributed to 35%, 42%, and 30% of the riverine solutes, while silicate weathering contributed to 5%, 6%, and 26% of the riverine solutes at the QYG, WGHS, and LE, respectively. The alluvial deposit of easily weathering fine silicate minerals, the higher air temperature, plant density, and soil thickness at the downstream LE in comparison to upstream and midstream may lead to longer contact time between pore water and mineral materials, thus enhancing the silicate weathering. Because of the involvement of sulfuric acid produced by the oxidation of pyrite, carbonate weathering in the upstream and midstream did not consume atmospheric CO2, resulting in the high rate of carbonate weathering (73.9 and 75.6 t km−2 yr−1, respectively, in maximum) and potential net release of CO2 (with an upper constraint of 35.6 and 35.2 t km−2 yr−1, respectively) at the QYG and WGHS. The above results indicate the potential of the glaciated area of the Tibetan Plateau with pyrite deposits being a substantial natural carbon source, which deserves further investigation. 相似文献
655.
The groundwater divide is a key feature of river basins and significantly influenced by subsurface hydrological processes. For an unconfined aquifer between two parallel rivers or ditches, it has long been defined as the top of the water table based on the Dupuit–Forchheimer approximation. However, the exact groundwater divide is subject to the interface between two local flow systems transporting groundwater to rivers from the infiltration recharge. This study contributes a new analytical model for two-dimensional groundwater flow between rivers of different water levels. The flownet is delineated in the model to identify groundwater flow systems and the exact groundwater divide. Formulas with two dimensionless parameters are derived to determine the distributed hydraulic head, the top of the water table and the groundwater divide. The locations of the groundwater divide and the top of the water table are not the same. The distance between them in horizontal can reach up to 8.9% of the distance between rivers. Numerical verifications indicate that simplifications in the analytical model do not significantly cause misestimates in the location of the groundwater divide. In contrast, the Dupuit–Forchheimer approximation yields an incorrect water table shape. The new analytical model is applied to investigate groundwater divides in the Loess Plateau, China, with a Monte Carlo simulation process taking into account the uncertainties in the parameters. 相似文献
656.
657.
658.
An 8.1Ma calcite record of Asian summer monsoon evolution on the Chinese central Loess Plateau 总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10
Chen XiuLing Fang XiaoMin An ZhiSheng Han WenXia Wang Xin Bai Yan Hong Ye 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2007,50(3):392-403
Carbonates in loess-red clay sequences consist mainly of calcite and dolomite. The EDTA analysis of carbonates in different size fractions and magnetic susceptibility reveal that calcite is a sensitive index of summer monsoon. The chemical analysis of carbonates and calcite from an 8.1 Ma loess-red clay sequence at Chaona on the Chinese central Loess Plateau shows that the evolution of the Asian summer monsoon experienced four stages, namely 8.1―5.5 Ma, 5.5―2.8 Ma, 2.8―1.5 Ma and 1.5―0 Ma, with increasing intensification and fluctuation, suggesting a possible combining impacts of uplift of the Tibetan Plateau and global changes on the Asian summer monsoon. 相似文献
659.
According to variations of 137Cs and clay contents, 44 flood couplets were identified in a profile of reservoir deposit with a vertical length of 28.12 m in the Yuntaishan Gully. Couplet 27 at the middle of the profile had the highest average 137Cs content of 12.65 Bq kg-1, which indicated the 1963s' deposits, then 137Cs content decreased both downward and upward in the profile. The second top and bottom couplets had average 137Cs contents of 2.15 Bq kg-1 and 0.92 Bq kg-1, respectively. By integrated analysis of reservoir construction and management history, variations of 137Cs contents over the profile, sediment yields of flood couplets and rainfall data during the period of 1958-1970, individual storms related to the flood couplets were identified. 44 floods with a total sediment yield of 2.36×104 m3 occurred and flood events in a year varied between 1 and 10 times during the period of 1960-1970. 7-10 flood events occurred during the wet period of 1961-1964 with very wet autumn, while only 1-2 events during the dry period of 1965-1969. Average annual specific sediment yield was 1.29×104 t km-2 a-1 for the Yuntaishan Gully during the period of 1960-1970, which was slightly higher than 1.11 ×104 t km-2 a-1 for the Upper Yanhe River Basin above the Ganguyi Hydrological Station and slightly lower than 1.40 ×104 t km-2 a-1 for the nearby Zhifang Gully during the same period. Annual specific sediment yields for the Yuntaishan Gully were correlated to the wet season's rainfalls well. 相似文献
660.
2010年青海玉树地震及震后青藏高原强震趋势分析 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
2010年4月14日青海玉树发生7.1级地震,这是该区历史上发生的最为强烈的地震。该地震属走滑型,地处青藏高原巴颜喀拉地块南边界,发震断裂为甘孜—玉树—风火山左旋走滑断裂,地震破裂主要向震中东南方向。该地震是巴颜喀拉地块与羌塘地块以不同速率向东运动,地块间的差异运动使其边界应力积累到一定程度引发破裂的结果。根据地震定标律估算的主震断层破裂参数和应力参数为:地震矩M0=1.78×1019N.m,矩震级MW=6.8,断层破裂面积S=468km2,断层错距D=1.4m,断层破裂长度L=37km,断层破裂宽度W=12.6km,剪应力τ0=16.8MPa,应力降Δσ=7.03MPa。历史地震分析表明,玉树7.1级地震是在世界8级以上地震、中国西部大三角7.8级以上地震、南北地震带7级以上地震和巴颜喀拉块体7级以上地震处于强烈活动背景下发生的。玉树地震后,青藏高原巴颜喀拉地块、羌塘地块及川滇菱形块体未来发生7级以上地震的危险性较大。 相似文献