The property, age and formation environment of the palaeokarst in Qinghai-Xizang Plateau

The karst landforms distributed on the Qinghai-Xizang (Tibet) Plateau can be genetically classed with the Tertiary underground karst, which were gradually exhumed to the surface with the uplift of the plateau during Quaternary period. The relative deposits of the Tertiary palaeokarst processes, such as the residuum and speleothem, were discovered recently in the southern and southeastern fringe areas of the plateau, where has geological-currently been disintegrated by the headward erosion processes of the modern river systems. The major chemical components of the clay portion of the residuum consist mainly of SiO2C, Al2CO3 and Fe2O3. The clay minerals composition of the clay portion belongs to illite-kaolinite pattern for most of the residuum samples, and kaolinite-illite pattern for a few of the samples. It can be judged from the silicic acid index and the clay minerals composition that the formation of the residuum of the Plateau was in its initial phase. However, such a lower chemical weathering index only reflected the weathering degree in the bottom or lower parts of the lateritic weathering crust. The relatively intensive chemical weathering processes of the surface layers of the lateritic weathering crust could be logically speculated. The surface feature textures of quartz grains in the residuum were formed mainly by the chemical erosion, which revealed a long-term humid-tropical environment when the residuum and the palaeokarst formed.     

鄂尔多斯高原景观格局变化分析--以伊金霍洛旗为例

以位于内蒙古鄂尔多斯高原上的伊金霍洛旗为研究区域，以景观生态学的数量分析方法为基本手段，在土地利用现状分类体系下，以其1984、1991和1998年3个年度的土地利用图为基础。从区域和斑块类型两个尺度上，对其景观格局进行了数量分析。结果表明，在三个典型年度。天然草地为伊金霍洛旗的景观基质，景观格局指数的所有变化均是在此基础上发生和演变的。从整个景观尺度的格局指数变化情况显示，伊金霍洛旗景观的破碎化程度在增加；同时景观的异质性程度在下降，景观愈来愈有少数景观斑块类型所控制。而在斑块类型这一尺度上的格局指数变化说明，不同类型斑块的复杂性的变化趋势基本相同，即均有不同程度的增长，但增加幅度有限；同时还说明，不同类型斑块内部其大小差异的幅度在不断缩小。但从不同年度的变化情况来看，无论是区域还是不同的斑块类型，其格局指数的变化并不与总体的变化趋势同步。     

川西北高原若尔盖草地沙化及湿地萎缩动态遥感监测

应用卫星遥感资料(MSS、TM及spot)对川西北高原若尔盖草地沙化及湿地萎缩的动态监测发现，自1966年至2000年的34年间，草地沙化面积增加307．7％，达到36760．9hm^2，占区域总面积的7．25％，平均每年扩大草地沙化面积816．0hm^2，年均递增率达4．22％。到2000年止，区域内有沙地5083．9hm^2，沙化草地31677．0hm^2。自1985～2000年的15a间，区内17个湖泊面积缩小842．0hm^2，减幅达38．9％，平均每年减少56．1hm^2，年均递减速度达3．34％，该区目前其余11个湖泊总面积仅为1323．1hm^2，只有15年前的61．1％。     

藏北羌塘盆地双湖地区油气成藏条件

藏北双湖地区油气显示有中侏罗统布曲组的隆鄂尼碳酸盐岩古油藏、充填于夏里组石膏孔洞里的沥青和夏里组砂岩夹层中的油页岩。布曲组及索瓦组中的生油岩有机碳含量普遍较高,生油能力大。油页岩的氯仿沥青“A”高达25255×10-6,有机碳含量28.8%,但总烃含量在40%～50%左右,OEP值分别为0.7和0.8,显示有机质演化处于低成熟阶段。有机质中既有Ⅰ型酐酪根,也有Ⅲ型酐酪根。有机质形成环境既有浅海陆棚相开阔型水体环境,也有半封闭型泻湖相等沉积环境。该地区可划分出4套生、储、盖组合,以第一套组合(由曲色组和布曲组组成)为最好。     

Flexural subsidence by 29 Ma on the NE edge of Tibet from the magnetostratigraphy of Linxia Basin, China

This study provides a detailed magnetostratigraphic record of subsidence in the Linxia Basin, documenting a 27 Myr long sedimentary record from the northeastern edge of the Tibetan Plateau. Deposition in the Linxia Basin began at 29 Ma and continued nearly uninterruptedly until 1.7 Ma. Increasing rates of subsidence between 29 and 6 Ma in the Linxia Basin suggest deposition in the foredeep portion of a flexural basin and constrain the timing of shortening in the northeastern margin of the plateau to Late Oligocene–Late Miocene time. By Late Miocene–Early Pliocene time, a decrease in subsidence rates in the Linxia Basin associated with thrust faulting and a 10° clockwise rotation in the basin indicates that the deformation front of the Tibetan plateau had propagated into the currently deforming region northeast of the plateau.     

青藏铁路管道通风试验路基地温变化及热状况分析

基于青藏铁路北麓河试验段管道通风路基在2个冻融循环周期内的地温监测资料，分析了路基温度的发展、温度场分布特征及多年冻土的热流量变化．结果表明：通风管埋设于路堤中部的路基温度变化和发展情况与一般路基类似，路基在施工后的2个冻融周期内仍处于整体升温的过程；通风管埋设于路堤下部的路基，虽然前2个冻融循环周期内土体温度与原始状态相比同样有所升高，但开始出现逐渐降低的趋势，同时地温场的分布在横向上的对称性也比较好，在热交换方面，一般填土路基和通风管位于路堤中部的路基在施工后的前2个冻融循环周期内一直处于吸热过程，而通风管位于路堤下部的路基在经历了第1个周期的持续吸热过程后，在第2个冻融循环周期内已经开始放热。     

Absence of Archean basement in the South Kunlun Block: Nd-Sr-O isotopic evidence from granitoids

Abstract   The West Kunlun mountain range along the northwestern margin of the Tibetan Plateau is crucial in understanding the early tectonic history of the region. It can be divided into the North and South Kunlun Blocks, of which the former is considered to be part of the Tarim Craton, whereas consensus was not reached on the nature and origin of the South Kunlun Block. Samples were collected from the 471 Ma Yirba Pluton, the 405 Ma North Kudi Pluton and the 214 Ma Arkarz Shan Intrusive Complex. These granitoids cover approximately 60% of the Kudi area in the South Kunlun Block. Sr, Nd, and O isotope compositions preclude significant involvement of mantle-derived magma in the genesis of these granitoids; therefore, they can be used to decipher the nature of lower–mid crust in the area. All samples give Mesoproterozoic Nd model ages (1.1–1.5 Ga) similar to those of the exposed metamorphic complex of this block but significantly different from those of the basement of the North Kunlun Block (2.8 Ga). This indicates that the South Kunlun Block does not have an Archean basement, and, thus, does not support the microcontinent model that suggests the South Kunlun Block was a microcontinent once separated from and later collided back with the North Kunlun Block.     

Paleoclimate Changes during the Early Oiigocene in the Hoh Xil Region, Northern Tibetan Plateau

Sedimentological, cyclic-stratigraphic, paleomagnetic, and clay-mineralogical studies on the early Oligocene Yaxicuo Group in the Hoh Xil Basin, the largest Cenozoic sedimentary basin in the hinterland of the Tibetan Plateau, provide abundant information of paleoclimate changes. A 350-m thick section in the middle-lower Yaxicuo Group was analyzed to reveal the climatic history that occurred in the Hoh Xil region during the early Oligocene interval 31.30-30.35 Ma, dated with the paleomagnetic chronostratigraphy. The results indicate that add and cold climate dominated the Hoh Xil region during the early Oligocene in general, being related to the global cooling and drying events that occurred in the earliest Oligocene. Within this period, relatively warm and wet climate accompanied by strong tectonic activity occurred in the 31.05-30.75 Ma interval; while add and cold climate and relatively inactive tectonics occurred in the 31.30-31.05 and 30.75-30.35 Ma intervals. Furthermore, spectral analyses of high-temporal resolution paleoclimatic records show orbital periods including eccentricity, obliquity, and precession. It is concluded that paleoclimate changes during the early Oligocene in the Hoh Xil region were forced by both tectonic activity and orbital periods.     

青藏高原1∶25万区域地质调查地貌年代学研究

高原隆升及剥蚀作用的复杂性与区域差异性以及高原恶劣的气候、地理条件,使得在青藏高原空白区1∶25万区域地质调查中进行地貌年代学研究具有很大的现实意义.由于地貌是高原隆升、环境演化、新构造运动等的信息载体,地貌年代有助于重塑这些地质作用的发生时间及发展过程,因此地貌年代学研究具有重要的技术意义.1∶25万银石山幅的工作表明,地貌年代学调查对高原隆升及环境演化过程研究具有良好效果.