川南先锋地区二叠系-三叠系界线附近碳酸盐微相及沉积演化

根据川南先锋地区二叠系-三叠系界线地层的沉积特征,结合钻孔岩相及其组合特征,识别出等斜碳酸盐缓坡和局限台地2种沉积相,包括高能生屑浅滩、内缓坡、潮间带等7种亚相。同时采用微相分析的方法,对碳酸盐岩的生物组合、颗粒成分以及支撑类型等微相特征进行了研究,将界线地层沉积归纳为14种微相类型,并由此建立了该时期的沉积相序及其演化。研究区产出一层微生物岩,显微镜观察显示:微生物岩主要是叠层石;在它们内部发现了大量的蓝藻球粒、钙化鞘和微亮晶包覆层等微生物成因的显微组构。对ZK1501孔所采集的0.58 m K9灰岩岩芯连续磨片后进行生物组合分析,在距底6 cm地层中发现了丰富的三叶虫、腹足类和叶枝藻化石,其上出现小型化的介形虫(小于200 μm),表明二叠纪末期生物主灭绝界线应位于飞仙关组底面之上6 cm处,而二叠系-三叠系界线应位于小型化介形虫层的中下部。     

冷空气爆发时陆地边界层的数值模拟

本文建立了一个三维中尺度模式,分别模拟了平坦地形及规则山地情形下冷空气爆发过程,并模拟了无冷空气时天气演变过程作为比较.模拟结果合理地给出了冷空气爆发后边界层内诸要素的变化规律,如大风的出现、风向的改变、动量通量的增大、气压的升高等.     

SH波水平入射穿越垂直断层隧道动力响应分析

结合黏弹性人工边界的时域波动输入方法和显式有限元法,设计了含垂直断层三维场地的SH波输入方法。基于建立的输入方法,研究了垂直断层对隧道地震响应的影响,并通过自由场算例验证了该方法具有较好精度。数值模拟结果表明:对于断层迎波侧的隧道结构,断层会对其地震动响应产生显著的放大作用,对于断层逆波侧的隧道结构,断层会对其产生隔离地震动的作用;相对周围围岩,断层介质的剪切波速越小,其产生的放大效应和隔震效果也会越显著;断层宽度越小,其对隧道地震动响应的影响范围也就越小,但是断层宽度的变化对于断层两侧隧道的地震动响应的影响并不明显。     

Stability of earthquake moment tensor inversions: effect of the double-couple constraint

We show that spurious large non-double-couple components can be obtained in inversions for the full deviatoric moment tensor for shallow crustal earthquakes due to inaccurate Earth models. The traditional “best double-couple” solution does not in general provide an optimal estimate of a double-couple mechanism, and is only reliable when the non-double-couple component of the full deviatoric solution is small. The inverse problem for the moment tensors of the 1998 Antarctic Plate and 2000 Wharton Basin strike-slip earthquakes is shown in each case to have two well-fitting minima in the misfit function of pure double-couple solutions. Such pairs of solutions are most likely to exist for earthquakes which are close either to vertical strike-slip or to dip-slip on a fault plane dipping at 45°. It is shown theoretically that these pairs of solutions arise from the combination of the pure double-couple constraint and the instability of two elements of the moment tensor. No significant non-double-couple component is found for the shallow thrusting 1996 Biak, Indonesia earthquake.     

中国南部二叠、三叠纪“混生生物群”及二叠、三叠系界线

本文系统描述了中国南部二叠、三叠纪“混生生物群”。根据笔者的统计,目前巳经发现有“二叠纪型”分子36属53种与三叠纪菊石、双壳类、牙形剌共生。 笔者认为中国南部可以以牙形剌Anchignathodus parvus 的出现作为三叠系的底界,双壳类Pteria ussurica variabilis,菊石 Hypophiceras的出现可以作为三叠系开始的辅助标志。文中还将这一界线与世界上其它地区的二叠、三叠系界线进行了对比。     

山东济阳坳陷始新统-渐新统天文地层界线年龄分析

山东济阳坳陷沙河街组上部天文地层研究是以牛38井沙三段中亚段顶界年龄34.892Ma作为标定,分析和计算出沙二段下亚段底年龄为33.799Ma、沙段二段上亚段底为33.338Ma、沙一段底为32.940Ma和东营组底为31.829Ma。从天文地层界线年龄分析,沙三段-沙二段界线的年龄大致可对比为"国际地层表(2004)"始新统-渐新统界线年龄33.90Ma,而沙二段下亚段-上亚段界线年龄比国际始新统-渐新统界线的滞后大约600ka。在"中国区域地层表"始新统-渐新统界线年龄(32Ma)和"国际地层表"的始新统-渐新统界线年龄(33.9Ma)之差的1.9Myr,大致相当于本区计算的沙一、二段的持续时间。SP数据的小波分析表明,在沙二段-沙三上亚段界线附近,即约33.8Ma之后,约405ka周期开始变得不明显、不规则,幅度亦下降,剧烈突变发生时间在33.4Ma左右。上述界线对应偏心率周期的理论值突变的时间。因此推论始新世-渐新世转折期是偏心率多个理论周期重迭而导致的一个特殊的时期,也是本区沙二段下亚段这段地层形成不整合面的时间,大约在33.8—33.4Ma期间。     

磁异常探测中磁场矢量导数快速计算方法

目的 针对计算磁位高阶导数常用的频率域快速傅立叶变换方法在实际应用中存在边界效应的问题,提出了分别在x和y方向上移相π/2二维余弦变换定义及其时域微分定理,推导出了磁场矢量分量的导数计算公式,并将其应用于方向解析信号的磁异常边界识别方法。通过棱柱体源磁场理论数据对比分析,验证了基于余弦变换计算磁位高阶导数的方法在不需要扩边或滤波处理、未增加额外处理数据和算法复杂度的前提下,可避免或减小边界效应,算法稳定性更好,计算结果精度更高。     

In situ stress field of eastern Australia

New in situ data based on hydraulic fracturing and overcoring have been compiled for eastern Australia, increasing from 23 to 110 the number of in situ stress analyses available for the area between and including the Bowen and Sydney Basins. The Bowen Basin displays a consistent north‐northeast maximum horizontal stress (σ_H) orientation over some 500 km. Stress orientations in the Sydney Basin are more variable than in the Bowen Basin, with areas of the Sydney Basin exhibiting north‐northeast, northeast, east‐west and bimodal σ_H orientations. Most new data indicate that the overburden stress (σ_V) is the minimum principal stress in both the Bowen and Sydney Basins. The Sydney Basin is relatively seismically active, whereas the Bowen Basin is relatively aseismic. Despite the fact that in situ stress measurements sample the stress field at shallower depth than the seismogenic zone, there is a correlation between the stress measurements and seismicity in the two areas. Mohr‐Coulomb analysis of the propensity for failure in the Sydney Basin suggests 41% of the new in situ stress data are indicative of failure, as opposed to 13% in the Bowen Basin. The multiple pre‐existing structural grains in the Sydney Basin further emphasise the difference between propensity for failure in the two areas. Previous modelling of intraplate stresses due to plate boundary forces has been less successful at predicting stress orientations in eastern than in western and central Australia. Nonetheless, stress orientation in the Bowen Basin is consistent with that predicted by modelling of stresses due to plate boundary forces. Variable stress orientations in the Sydney Basin suggest that more local sources of stress, such as those associated with the continental margin and with local structure, significantly influence stress orientation. The effect of local sources of stress may be relatively pronounced because stresses due to plate boundary forces result in low horizontal stress anisotropy in the Sydney Basin.     

论博格达俯冲撕裂型裂谷的形成与演化

博格达裂谷带位于准噶尔与吐－哈两个前寒武纪地块之间,呈东－西走向,东端与克拉麦里－哈尔里克泥盆－石炭纪火山弧呈大角度相交。该 裂谷于早－中石炭世启动和沉降,在盆地中堆积了巨厚的陆源碎屑岩夹双峰式火山岩。裂谷的闭合发生于中石炭世末至晚石炭世。在裂谷闭合后区域构造由挤压向拉张的转折时期,发生了以辉绿岩为主的侵入活动,并伴有少量中－酸性分异产物。博格达裂谷东、西两段的演化特征有着显著差异。东段早石炭世就已开始裂离,裂离过程的火山岩以玄武岩为主,仅有少量流纹岩,裂谷盆地强烈沉降,形成深海－半深海环境,裂谷在中石炭世末至晚石炭世初即已闭合,裂谷岩系因强烈褶皱,与上覆二叠系呈明显角度不整合,显示了“突变”式闭合特征。与此不同的是,西段至中石炭世才开始明显裂离,裂离过程的火山岩以英安岩和流纹岩为主,玄武岩量较少,火山－沉积岩系均形成于浅海环境,裂谷至晚石炭世末才发生闭合,裂谷岩系因未发生强烈褶皱,故与上覆二叠系为平行不整合接触,显示了“渐变”式闭合特征。该裂谷的形成是古亚洲洋壳向先存的准－吐－哈陆块斜向俯冲,将其东南端撕裂的产物,因而可称为俯冲撕裂型裂谷。演化过程沿走向的明显不均一性是这类裂谷的重要特点。