Sedimentological study of the Chernobyl NPP site to schematise radionuclide migration conditions

The approach, methods and results of a sedimentological study of a near-surface stratum of Late Pleistocene-Holocene deposits in the near-zone (5–10 km radius) of the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant are presented. Sedimentological analyses are carried out at three levels of detail: regional-, local- and object-scale. The unsaturated zone and unconfined aquifer at the site are composed of two main genetic types of deposits, aeolian and alluvial, including several dynamic facies. Consideration of lithological properties leads to following ranking of the main genetic sediments facies with respect to radionuclide migration retardation potential: aeolian <alluvial channel <alluvial overbank <alluvial abandoned channel. Based on sedimentological interpretations, the geological environment is schematised into a set of typical geological sections possessing different radionuclide retardation potential.     

台湾海峡西岸经过1604年大震考验的古迹和部分地震地质景观介绍

福建省地处台湾海峡西岸 ,1 60 4年泉州海外的 8级地震对它造成很大的破坏 ,也给我们留下了一批经过 8级大震考验的珍贵古建筑物 ,受到海内外专家的重视。作者经过实地考察 ,认真查阅历史资料 ,着重介绍了经过 1 60 4年大震考验的泉州古建筑物 ,并结合今天福建省防震减灾工作的实际情况 ,结合地质地貌 ,福建土楼等 ,较系统的展示了海峡西岸的地震地质景观。     

Geology and mineral potential of Ethiopia: a note on geology and mineral map of Ethiopia

This work presents a geoscientific map and database for geology, mineral and energy resources of Ethiopia in a digital form at a scale of 1:2,000,000, compiled from several sources. The final result of the work has been recorded on CD-ROM in GIS format so that the map and the database could be available to users on a personal computer.Metallic resources (precious, rare, base and ferrous–ferroalloy metals) are widely related to the metamorphic meta-volcano-sedimentary belts and associated intrusives belonging to various terranes of the Arabian–Nubian Shield, accreted during the East and West Gondwana collision (Neoproterozoic, 900–500 Ma).Industrial minerals and rock resources occur in more diversified geological environments, including the Proterozoic basement rocks, the Late Paleozoic to Mesozoic sediments and recent (Cenozoic) volcanics and associated sediments.Energy resources (oil, coal, geothermal resources) are restricted to Phanerozoic basin sediments and Cenozoic volcanism and rifting areas.     

On depletion of an exhausting natural resource

This paper addresses some of the issues currently surrounding natural resource depletion in national income accounting and makes an argument that user costs associated with exhausting natural resources ought not be treated as costs of production and subtracted from net national product in order to arrive at a “net” net national product. Depletion charges should be reflected in income accounts only to the extent that they are actually taken, in which case they should be treated as saving, rather than as a cost. Purely notional disappearances of natural resources should be recorded in off-balance sheet accounts or satellite accounts, not income statements. An earlier version of this paper was presented at the WSSA conference in Albuquerque, NM in April 1997.     

Investigation on Planetary Atmospheres Using Laboratory Simulation Experiments The Example of Saturn's Moon (Titan)

The main goals of experimental simulation in the laboratory of a planetary atmosphere are to feed the theoretical models, and to help the treatment of observations. This type of simulation permits the direct study of objects that space missions can't study or have not studied yet, through the production of laboratory analogues of gaseous or solid phases. But the representativity of these laboratory analogues is of crucial importance. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Evidence of Organized Large Eddies by Ground-Based Doppler Lidar, Sonic Anemometer and Sodar

In an experiment investigating the planetary boundary layer (PBL) wind and temperature fields, and PBL inversion height recorded by various instruments, the results reveal the presence of organized large eddies (OLE) or rolls. The measurements by lidars, anemometers, soundings and sodar gave an overview of the characteristics of the rolls and sources of energy production that maintain them. The experimental results obtained on two consecutive days are compared to model outputs. The agreement is excellent, showing that thermal stratification and wind shear are important factors in the structure and dynamics of OLE. A heterodyne Doppler lidar (HDL) is shown to be a useful tool in the study of OLE.     

生态环境地质学初探

针对当代地质学拓宽服务领域之要求,指出地质学、生物学、环境学交叉形成新的生长点——生态环境地质学。简述了生态环境地质学提出的科学依据、研究现状,提出了其存在问题和发展方向。     

四川宣达盐盆富钾富矿卤水地球化学特征及资源意义研究

宣达盐盆富钾富矿卤水产于四川盆地东北部黄金口背斜群南段付家山构造近高点,以深层卤水形式赋存于3260m左右的下三叠统嘉陵江组五段和中统雷口坡组一段(T1j5-T2L1)盐系的碳酸盐岩储层中。卤水与海水蒸发系列相比,K+含量异常高,达25 96g L,超过海水钾盐沉积阶段,也超过综合利用和单独开采品位,为国内外罕见的液态钾矿资源。且富含I-,B3+,Li+,Rb+,Sr2+等多种有用组分,品质优异,构成优质化工原料水,为一种综合性富钾富矿液态矿藏,经济价值极高。卤水为沉积变质水和固态钾盐溶滤水的复合成因。开发利用将可为农业提供优质钾肥,缓解我国钾盐资源不足,并可提供多种短缺的化工产品,对固态钾盐找矿具有重要现实意义。     

Turbulent viscosity measurements relevant to planetary core-mantle dynamics

Laboratory experiments that combine thermal convection in a rapidly rotating shell with a sudden increase of the shell’s rotation rate (spin-up) enable us to study processes related to turbulent viscous coupling between planetary fluid cores and solid mantles. We experimentally measure the large-scale effective viscosity by determining how the synchronisation time between the fluid and the shell (called the spin-up time) is shortened when convective turbulence exists in the bulk of the fluid. Our experiments suggest that viscous core-mantle coupling in planets may be greater than has been previously estimated using molecular viscosity values.     

斜压大气中海面边界层摩擦偏角的动力学研究

本文在Ekman动量近似下，引入关于水面粗糙度的Charnock公式，求得了斜压大气中海面边界层的风速的解析表达式，进一步得到边界层摩擦偏角的公式，并获得了边界层摩擦偏角的有关结论。例如海面的摩擦偏角远小于陆地的摩擦偏角；低纬的摩擦偏角比高纬的要大：理论分析和个例计算均表明，垂直平流惯性力与水平平流惯性力对摩擦偏角分别起着减小和增大的相反作用，而且反气旋性涡度处与气旋性涡度处的摩擦偏角可相差达20多度。冷暖平流下的摩擦偏角相差很大，甚至可达七、八十度。这些结论对斜压大气中的海面边界层风场摩擦偏角的预后都具有指导性作用。