济南十大泉群特征、形成模式及水循环差异性浅析

为了全面系统地认识济南十大泉群,文章采用对比分析法揭示十大泉群分布、流量、景观及水质特征,通过水文地质结构精细刻画与泉水排泄条件分析,进一步明确十大泉群成因差异性,归纳泉水形成模式,揭示十大泉群水循环的差异性。结果表明：十大泉群基本特征可大致分为两类,即排泄区6个泉群均为上升泉、南部补给区4个泉群均为下降泉;十大泉群形成模式可划分为五类,即构造凸起—灰岩“天窗”成泉、构造凸起—裂隙连通成泉、浅埋多层砂层与高渗透黏土导通成泉、断裂切割成泉和侵蚀溢流成泉模式;宏观上济南十大泉群水循环受北倾单斜构造控制,其输入条件、输导系统和输出方式差异较小;微观上6个承压型泉群泉水输出方式差异性明显,其灰岩覆盖层类型、厚度、渗透性及灰岩顶板埋深差别较大,导致泉水出流形态、流量及水质不同,形成各自独特的景观。岩溶泉水微观成因的详细研究可为济南十大泉群分类保护提供重要地质依据。     

培养液更换对萼花臂尾轮虫(Brachionus calyciflorus)休眠卵形成的影响

在种群累积培养状态下研究了培养液更换对萼花臂尾轮虫（ Ｂｒａｃｈｉｏｎｕｓ ｃａｌｙｃｉｆｌｏｒｕｓ）休眠卵形成的影响,结果表明,在培养液不予更换的情况下,萼花臂尾轮虫休眠卵的产量和形成效率分别为 ７２４ ３３３３± ４０． ５２５７ｉｎｄ（６ｄ．２０ｍＬ）－１和 ６ ．０３６１± ０． ３３７７ｉｎｄ（５ × １０６ ｃｅｌｌｓ）－１（ａｌ－ｇａｅ ｄｉｅｔ）与之相比,当培养液每 ２天更换一次时,其休眠卵的产量和形成效率分别下降至６３７．３３３３±１６． ８０２８ｉｎｄ．（６ｄ·２０ｍＬ）－１和５ ．３１１１±０ ．１４００ｉｎｄ（５×１０６ｃｅｌｌｓ）－１（ａｌｇａｅ　ｄｉｅｔ）．随着培养液更换频率增大至每天一次时,其休眠卵的产量和形成效率下降的幅度进一步增大培养液更换对轮虫种群中的混交雌体百分率和混交雌体受精率无显著的影响,最后探讨了培养液更换对萼花臂尾轮虫休眠卵形成影响的机理．     

The importance of interactions for mass loss from satellite galaxies in cold dark matter haloes

We investigate the importance of interactions between dark matter substructures for the mass loss they suffer whilst orbiting within a sample of high-resolution galaxy cluster mass cold dark matter (CDM) haloes formed in cosmological N -body simulations. We have defined a quantitative measure that gauges the degree to which interactions are responsible for mass loss from substructures. This measure indicates that interactions are more prominent in younger systems when compared to older more relaxed systems. We show that this is due to the increased number of encounters a satellite experiences and a higher mass fraction in satellites. This is in spite of the uniformity in the distributions of relative distances and velocities of encounters between substructures within the different host systems in our sample.
Using a simple model to relate the net force felt by a single satellite to the mass loss it suffers, we show that interactions with other satellites account for ∼30 per cent of the total mass loss experienced over its lifetime. The relation between the age of the host and the importance of interactions increases the scatter about this mean value from ∼25 per cent for the oldest to ∼45 per cent for the youngest system we have studied. We conclude that satellite interactions play a vital role in the evolution of substructure in dark matter haloes and that a significant fraction of the tidally stripped material can be attributed to these interactions.     

Sunrise Hill unconformity: A newly discovered regional hiatus between Archaean granites and greenstones in the northeastern Pilbara Craton

Contacts between Archaean granites and greenstones in the northeastern part of the Pilbara Craton have been described as intrusive and tectonic. New field observations in the Shay Gap region demonstrate that greenstones of the Gorge Creek Group unconformably overlie the Muccan and Warrawagine batholiths. Regionally, the unconformity is marked by a persistent but relatively thin basal clastic sequence, locally with a granite boulder conglomerate, overlain by ore‐bearing banded iron‐formation, fine‐grained clastic rocks and chert. The granite basement is dated at 3443 ± 6 Ma. The precise age of the hiatus is unknown but its maximum effect might have been the removal of a substantial thickness of Early to Middle Archaean strata.     

Lattice dynamical system modelling of molecular clouds

Because a comprehensive microscopic treatment of interstellar molecular clouds is out of reach, an alternative approach is proposed in which most of the crucial ingredients of the problem are considered, but at some 'minimal' level of modelling. This leads to the elaboration of a lattice dynamical system , i.e. a time-dependent, spatially extended, deterministic system of macroscopic cells coupled through radiative transfer. Each cell is characterized by a small set of variables and supports a caricatural chemistry possessing the essential dynamical features of more realistic reaction schemes.   This approach naturally precludes quantitative results, but allows heretofore unavailable insights into some of the basic mechanisms at play. We focus on the response of the transfer process and the chemistry to a frozen 'turbulent' velocity field. It is shown that the system settles generically into a state where the effective coupling between cells is neither local nor global, and for which no single length-scale exists.   The spectral lines reconstructed from the spatiotemporal evolution of our model may, depending on the velocity field, exhibit profiles ranging from Gaussian to bimodal with strong realization effects. In the bimodal case, the model intrinsically displays an energy cascade transport mechanism to the cells that cool most efficiently: the feedback of chemistry on radiative transfer cannot be neglected.   Finally, extensions of this work are discussed and future developments are outlined.     

Studies of ultracompact H ii regions — II. High-resolution radio continuum and methanol maser survey

High spatial resolution radio continuum and 6.67-GHz methanol spectral line data are presented for methanol masers previously detected by Walsh et al. (1997). Methanol maser and/or radio continuum emission is found in 364 cases towards IRAS -selected regions. For those sources with methanol maser emission, relative positions have been obtained to an accuracy of typically 0.05 arcsec, with absolute positions accurate to around 1 arcsec. Maps of selected sources are provided. The intensity of the maser emission does not seem to depend on the presence of a continuum source. The coincidence of water and methanol maser positions in some regions suggests there is overlap in the requirements for methanol and water maser emission to be observable. However, there is a striking difference between the general proximity of methanol and water masers to both cometary and irregularly shaped ultracompact (UC) H  ii regions, indicating that, in other cases, there must be differing environments conducive to stimulating their emission. We show that the methanol maser is most likely present before an observable UC H  ii region is formed around a massive star and is quickly destroyed as the UC H  ii region evolves. There are 36 out of 97 maser sites that are linearly extended. The hypothesis that the maser emission is found in a circumstellar disc is not inconsistent with these 36 maser sites, but is unlikely. It cannot, however, account for all other maser sites. An alternative model which uses shocks to create the masing spots can more readily reproduce the maser spot distributions.     

甘肃花草滩煤矿区沉积相演化与内部构造的地质意义探讨

花草滩煤矿区地处北祁连褶皱带中段北侧,酒东盆地东端。古生界和中生界地层在区内发育较完整,其中石炭系太原组为含煤地层。经二、三维地震勘探、钻探等工作证实矿床总体上受单斜构造控制。石炭纪中期盆地呈逐渐上升趋势,沉积相演化经历了由海相逐渐过渡到海陆交汇相,再到陆相沉积的阶段。F5和F8断层具顺层断裂特征,破坏煤层的连续性,在一定程度上控制了瓦斯突出区的分带,可作为煤矿瓦斯含量高低的分界标志。     

The study of Mg isotope compositions of terrestrial rocks and meteorites

The study of Mg isotopes has been carried out for about 40 years since 1970 s. With analytical progress, the study is not only limited to the excess of 26Mg due to decay of short-lived 26Al in primitive meteorites, also extended to mass-dependent fractionation of Mg isotopes in meteorites and terrestrial rocks. This paper reviews recent development in Mg isotope researches.