基于平面波照明的偏移成像补偿

受地下复杂构造和地震数据采集系统的影响,地震波对地下目标的照明出现不均匀,在地震数据的偏移成像中出现成像阴影.根据地震数据最小二乘偏移/反演理论,和把地震波场照明结果作为最小二乘偏移/反演中的Hessian矩阵的近似对偏移成像进行补偿的原理,提出一种应用平面波照明结果对平面波偏移成像结果进行补偿以消除偏移成像阴影的方法.这种基于平面波照明的偏移成像补偿方法相对于局部角度域的照明偏移成像补偿方法具有计算效率上的优势.     

Broadband Analytical Solution to the Scattering of Plane SV Waves by Circular Cylindrical Canyons

Based on Fourier-Bessel series expansion of wave functions,an analytical solution to 2-D scattering ofincident plane SV waves by circular cylindrical canyons with variable depthto-width ratios is deduced in this paper. Unlike other analytical solutions,this paper uses the asymptotic behavior of the cylindrical function to directly define the undetermined coefficients of scattered waves,thus,avoiding solving linear equation systems and the related numerical computation problems under high-frequency incident waves,thereby broadening the applicable frequency range of analytical solutions. Through comparison with existing analytical solutions,the correctness of this solution is demonstrated. Finally, the incident plane SV wave scattering effect under circular cylindrical canyons in wider frequency bands is explored.     

分离式双圆形隧道衬砌对平面SH波的散射

采用波函数展开法,将入射、散射和折射SH波的位移势函数展开成Fourier-Bessel函数的级数形式,根据Graf加法定理,得到了任一局部圆柱坐标系下的波场势函数的表达式.根据隧道衬砌与周围岩体都在界面处应力和位移连续及衬砌内边界完全自由的边界条件,得到了分离式双隧道衬砌对入射平面,SH波的多重散射问题的理论解.通过数值计算分析得出:入射频率、衬砌间距、衬砌与围岩的模量比及衬砌的厚度等是影响衬砌内侧的无量纲位移和动应力集中因子分布的重要因素,为双衬砌或多衬砌的地震评价提供了理论依据.     

西部缺水地区多样化水资源开发模式探讨

最近我国政府提出了西部大开发的战略决策。发展西部地区首要任务是研究解决水资源缺乏问题。40多年来南京大学在地下水探寻和开发、水资源评价和水污染的模拟等方面取得了系统研究成果。特别是运用新构造理论和优势面理论 ,在地下水资源探寻的研究中取得显著成效 ,近几年来作者提出的缺水山区水资源多样化开发模式研究课题 ,在河北顺平严重缺水区取得初步突破。这对于解决西部的水资源匮乏问题 ,促进西部大开发会具有重要的实际意义。     

建立高海拔矿山测量控制网的思路

受海拔高、空气稀薄、气候无常、高差较大等自然条件的影响,高海拔地区进行测量作业与低海拔地区有很大差别。根据高海拔地区矿山特点,结合多年矿山控制测量、特别是高海拔矿山控制测量经验,讨论在高海拔地区矿山因地制宜地建立测量控制网的方法。     

The Control Of Coherent Eddies In Vegetation Canopies: Streamwise Structure Spacing, Canopy Shear Scale And Atmospheric Stability

An analogy has been established between a plane mixing layer and the atmospheric flow near the top of a vegetation canopy. It is based on a common feature, a strong inflection in the mean velocity profile, responsible for hydrodynamical instabilities that set the pattern for the coherent eddies and determine the turbulence length scales. In an earlier study, this analogy was tested using a small data set from thirteen experiments, all in near-neutral conditions. It provided a good prediction of the streamwise spacing _w of the dominant canopy eddies (evaluated from time series of vertical velocity) that appears to depend on a shear length scale L_s = U(h)/U'(h), where h is canopy height, U is mean velocity and U' the vertical gradient dU/dz. The present analysis utilizes an extensive data set of approximately 700 thirty-minute runs, from six experiments on two forest sites and a maize crop, with a large range of stability conditions. _w was estimated for each run using the wavelet transform as an objective, automated detection method. First, the variations of _w and L_s with atmospheric stability are discussed. Neutral and unstable values exhibit a large scatter whereas in stable conditions both variables decrease with increasing stability. It is subsequently found that _w is directly related to L_s, in a way close to the neutral prediction _w /h = 8.1L_s/h.The Strouhal number S_tr = L_s /_w is then shown to vary with atmospheric stability, weakly in unstable conditions, more significantly in stable conditions. Altogether these results suggest that, to some extent, the plane mixing-layer analogy can be extended to non-neutral conditions. It is argued that the primary effect of atmospheric stability, at least in stable conditions, is to modify the shear length scale L_s through changes in U(h) and U'(h), which in turn determines the streamwise spacing of the active, coherent motions.     

SH波入射下圆弧状沉积盆地地震反应瞬态解析解计算

地震波散射问题的解析解是研究局部场地、地形、盆地等不规则地层结构对地震动参数放大效应影响的重要理论工具.现有解析解大部分在频域内给出,无法直接用于研究不规则地层结构对地震动峰值、反应谱等参数的放大效应.本文基于平面SH波入射下圆弧状沉积盆地动力响应宽频带稳态解析解,通过Fourier变换,获取瞬态响应解析解.基于此,研...     

Drained instability analysis of sand under biaxial loading using a 3D material model

The diffused and localized instabilities in sand under drained biaxial loading have been analyzed here following a plane strain bifurcation framework, where the rate independent material is defined using a generalized 3D non-associative constitutive model. This study is focused on how various instability modes emerge with respect to initial density, confining pressure, and the applied boundary conditions. Results from large deformation framework have been compared with those from small deformation approximation and the later is noticed to fail in capturing the emergence of diffused modes and predicts delayed onset of localization. The theoretical predictions compares well with existing experimental observations.     

Detector time offset and off-line calibration in EAS experiments

In extensive air shower (EAS) experiments, the primary direction is reconstructed by the space–time pattern of secondary particles. Thus the equalization of the transit time of signals coming from different parts of the detector is crucial in order to get the best angular resolution and pointing accuracy allowed by the detector. In this paper an off-line calibration method is proposed and studied by means of proper simulations. It allows to calibrate the array repeatedly just using the collected data without disturbing the standard acquisition. The calibration method is based on the definition of a Characteristic Plane introduced to analyze the effects of the time systematic offsets, such as the quasi-sinusoidal modulation on azimuth angle distribution. This calibration procedure works also when a pre-modulation on the primary azimuthal distribution is present.     

Scattering of plane P waves by circular-arc alluvial valleys with saturated soil deposits

This paper presents an analytical solution for two-dimensional scattering and diffraction of plane P waves by circular-arc alluvial valleys with shallow saturated soil deposits. The solution is based on Biot's dynamic theory for saturated porous media, and derived by employing Fourier–Bessel series expansion technique. In this analysis, soil deposits in the circular-arc valley are modeled as saturated porous media based on Biot's dynamic theory, and the circular-arc valley is assumed to be imbedded in an infinite half-space, filled with elastic single-phase media. Numerical results from this solution show that the amplitudes of displacement at the surface of an alluvial valley are mainly relative to the angle of incidence, the dimensionless frequency of incident P wave, the degree of saturation and porosity of soil deposits, and the stiffness and Poisson's ratio of the solid skeleton of the soil deposits. Furthermore, the proposed solution is compared with the previous solution, in which the soil deposit was modeled as an elastic single-phase solid.