宁夏干旱区强对流降水过程雷达图像纹理特征分析

使用银川新一代天气雷达体扫数据,进行极坐标向平面直角坐标系的变换,计算得到了宁夏中北部气候干旱区2004—2005年较强对流降水51次过程中的组合反射率图像资料。利用灰度共生矩阵,获取了角二阶矩、熵、对比度、相关、差值倒数矩等图像纹理参数的具体数值分布。分析结果表明:宁夏中北部气候干旱区强对流降水过程中,雷达组合反射率图像与中国南方相比,数值具有明显的差异。新一代天气雷达组合反射率资料遥感图像的纹理结构不够明显,相对纹理清晰度不高,仅有较弱、较细的纹理,图像较为平滑、稳定,表明对应的降水云团比较均一。     

大兴安岭吉峰地区中元古代科马提岩及成因类型

大兴安岭吉峰地区的橄榄质科马提岩具有良好的显微鬣刺结构,在橄榄石和辉石晶体间隙中充填有基质物质,说明其为火山岩.通过研究,对其初步划分了冷凝带和鬣刺带,它们构成一个不完整的冷凝单元.吉峰科马提岩在岩石化上表现了良好的科马提岩属性,与南非及西澳大利亚橄榄质科马提岩一致.岩石地球化学研究表明,科马提岩及与其伴生的玄武岩具有紧密的成因联系,它们的演化符合科马提岩-拉斑玄武岩的演化趋势,具良好的正相关特点.在主量元素、微量元素及REE特征上,本区科马提岩具有较好的II类科马提岩属性,与南非巴伯顿、印度、西格陵兰II类科马提岩极为相似.吉峰科马提岩的ε_Nd（T）=+7.51,说明源于亏损地幔,并且以LREE轻度富集为特征,显示它们系亏损地幔经较小程度部分熔融产生的.吉峰拉马提岩的形成时代为中元古代,其形成环境可能是地壳拉伸减薄,上涌的科马提质岩浆在淬火快速冷却的条件下形成.这一岩石类型的发现为研究大兴安岭地区元古宙大地构造演化提供了一个新线索.     

杭州湾的沉积结构与沉积环境分析

漏斗状的地形、强劲的潮流和长江入海泥沙的输入是制约杭州湾沉积作用的主要因素。根据沉积结构特征可将杭州湾划分为五种不同的沉积环境:东部湾底、西部湾底、庵东浅滩、近岸深槽和水下沙脊。杭州湾内潮流脊发育不好的原因在于没有足够的粗屑物质。     

矾花图像的处理及应用研究

利用数码相机定时采集沉淀池中的矾花图像，通过串口通信传输、存储到计算机；计算机对矾花图像进行数字图像处理；将处理结果应用到添加控制系统中，从而达到适量添加明矾的目的。     

Orthopyroxene–sillimanite–quartz assemblages: distribution, petrology, quantitative P–T–X constraints and P–T paths

Granulite facies magnesian metapelites commonly preserve a wide array of mineral assemblages and reaction textures that are useful for deciphering the metamorphic evolution of a terrane. Quantitative pressure, temperature and bulk composition constraints on the development and preservation of characteristic peak granulite facies mineral assemblages such as orthopyroxene + sillimanite + quartz are assessed with reference to calculated phase diagrams. In NCKFMASH and its chemical subsystems, peak assemblages form mainly in high‐variance fields, and most mineral assemblage changes reflect multivariant equilibria. The rarity of orthopyroxene–sillimanite–quartz‐bearing assemblages in granulite facies rocks reflects the need for bulk rock X_Mg of greater than approximately 0.60–0.65, with pressures and temperatures exceeding c. 8 kbar and 850 °C, respectively. Cordierite coronas mantling peak minerals such as orthopyroxene, sillimanite and quartz have historically been used to infer isothermal decompression P–T paths in ultrahigh‐temperature granulite facies terranes. However, a potentially wide range of P–T paths from a given peak metamorphic condition facilitate retrograde cordierite growth after orthopyroxene + sillimanite + quartz, indicating that an individual mineral reaction texture is unable to uniquely define a P–T vector. Therefore, the interpretation of P–T paths in high‐grade rocks as isothermal decompression or isobaric cooling may be overly simplistic. Integration of quantitative data from different mineral reaction textures in rocks with varying bulk composition will provide the strongest constraints on a P–T path, and in turn on tectonic models derived from these paths.     

区域变质岩构造模式

从分析面理的机理人手，在构造变形简单区建立模式，再在构造变形复杂区加以检验与补充，是区域变质岩构造模式建立的途径与依据。基本构造模式为下降阶段的岩石的压扁作用和重结晶作用，流劈理，以及沿ｘ－ｙ面相对位移的晶体变形；上升阶段的沿ｘ－ｙ面发生的顺层剪切劈理，片内褶皱，滑脱型韧性剪切带，拉伸线理与线状构造；压缩阶段的沿ｘ－ｙ面发生褶皱，逆冲型韧性剪切带，逆冲断层，以及破劈理、褶破劈理与折劈理，反映了一个造山带在沉降、隆起和褶皱三个时期的变形规律。沉降与隆起，一次抑多次，关系下降阶段变形和上升阶段变形的次数，区域变质岩构造模式依此有简单型和复杂型两种构造结构。     

Surface heterogeneity of mineralsAnalyse de l'hétérogénéité superficielle des minéraux

The precise study of adsorption mechanisms at solid–liquid interfaces requires a good analysis of the surface heterogeneity of the studied solids. For that purpose, molecular probe technique is one of the most powerful, especially at solid–gas interfaces. Indeed, low-pressure gas adsorption coupled to modelling of derivative adsorption isotherms as a function of logarithm of pressure allows to study qualitatively and quantitatively the effect of surface heterogeneity on the energy distribution of adsorption centres. The present review points out the interests of that approach to determine the shape of particles, the presence of high-energy adsorption sites and the surface polarity. Results comparing adsorption at solid–gas and solid–liquid interfaces are also mentioned. To cite this article: F. Villiéras et al., C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 597–609.     

基于小波分解的星载SAR图像纹理信息提取

论述利用小波变换提取合成孔径雷达（SAR）图像的多尺度纹理信息，借助Daubechies3正交小波，对图像进行小波分解，将小波变换各个频带输出的l1范数作为纹理特征值。选取徐州市区局部的Radarsat卫星SAR图像，提取出纹理图像，实验证明，该纹理提取方法能有效地提取出面目标的纹理信息。     

三种纹理分类方法在航片纹理分类中的试验与分析

采用三种比较典型又各具特色的纹理分类方法，对航片影像纹理分类进行了试验。通过对结果的分析得到一些结论，这些结论对于选用和搭配影像纹理分类方法有一定的指导作用。     

Characteristics of Corona Textures in the Huangtuling Granulite in the Dabie Comples,China and Their Implications for Tectonic Settings

Widely developed in the Dabie complex are various disequilibrium textures which provide direct evidence for the evolution of metamorphism and late-stage uplifting history.The typical mineral assemblasge in the Opx-Gt-Pl-Bi gneiss in Huangtuling,Luotian County,Hubei Province,Is Opx(I) Gt Pl(I) Bi(I) Q.The corona composed of cordierite and orthopyroxene(Ⅱ）growing around garnets in the granulite makes it clear that there occurres the following metamorphic reaction:Gt Q→Cd Opx(Ⅱ）.It is estimated that the gran ulite-forming temperature(T)and pressure(P)are 857-998℃ and 1.18-1.23Gpa,respectively,and the corona was formed under the following conditions:T=829-911℃ and P=0.52-0.59GPa.The above results indicate that There occurred a rapid and nearly adiabatic uplifting event and a decompressional metamorphism in the Dabie complex after the formation of granulite.As compared with the granulites worldwidely distributed in 90 locations(Harley 1989),the Huangtuling granulite should belong to the high-pressure type,which represents the composition of the crust at a depth of more than 40 kilometers.