Accuracy improvement of ASTER stereo satellite generated DEM using texture filter

The grid DEM(digital elevation model) generation can be from any of a number of sources:for instance,analogue to digital conversion of contour maps followed by application of the TIN model,or direct elevation point modelling via digital photogrammetry applied to airborne images or satellite images.Currently,apart from the deployment of point-clouds from LiDAR data acquisition,the generally favoured approach refers to applications of digital photogrammetry.One of the most important steps in such deployment i...     

Bed material texture in low order streams on the Queen Charlotte Islands,British Columbia

Low order channels comprise a large proportion of the links of every drainage basin, and are often at the centre of land management concerns. They exhibit hydrological and geomorphological characteristics atypical of higher order links. This paper examines the nature and causes of variations in the bed material texture of two streams on the Queen Charlotte Islands, British Columbia. The extant, functional exponential model is found to be inadequate for explaining observed changes in grain size parameters with distance downstream. Recurrent disruption of sediment transport by large organic debris jams, and the sporadic contamination of the fluvial sediment population by colluvial inputs, preclude the development of longitudinal structure. Rather, grain size varies erratically over short distances. A stochastic model best describes the observed variations, and should be adopted as an alternative to the exponential model in low order links. Characteristic variances are controlled by the degree of hillslope-channel coupling, and the extent and characteristics of non-alluvial storage mechanisms.     

基于MODIS谱纹信息融合的海洋溢油检测方法

鉴于仅依赖光谱特征或纹理特征的传统溢油检测算法的信息检测精度较低的问题,本文提出了一种新的光学遥感数据的谱纹海面溢油检测方法。谱是光学遥感数据的油膜敏感波段图像,纹是利用灰度共生矩阵计算获得的图像纹理特征,将这些特征相结合,引入支持向量机方法（Support Vector Machine,SVM）,建立谱纹海面溢油检测模型。本文以2006年渤海溢油事故为例,利用中等分辨率成像光谱仪MODIS的光学遥感数据对溢油进行检测,MODIS的第2波段为油膜敏感波段,所以,第2波段图像即为选取的谱特征,经过对各个纹理特征的分析得到,均值、对比和相关3个特征量可作为溢油提取的纹理特征。检测结果的总体精度达91.23%。试验结果表明,将MODIS图像的光谱特征和纹理特征相结合,可有效地对渤海海洋油膜信息进行检测,并具有很强的抑制噪声能力。     

青藏高原北缘古近纪石英砂表面特征及其古环境意义

中国西北干旱化和风成记录的研究已取得重要进展,但对亚洲内陆干旱化和亚洲冬季风开始时间的认识目前仍存在分歧。利用扫描电镜,通过对青藏高原北缘广大典型地区古近系中类似风成堆积的红色砂层石英砂微形态详细研究,发现这些红色砂层中绝大部分石英砂颗粒表面具有流水搬运和改造的磨光面与V型坑微形态特征组合,与现代塔克拉玛干沙漠、阿尔金山北缘洪积扇上的现代风沙沉积物石英砂颗粒表面的麻面与蝶形坑组合不同。粒度分析也显示这些沉积物的粒度曲线特征与风成黄土和现代沙丘粒度曲线有明显差别。结合沉积特征认为青藏高原北缘古近纪期间不存在大范围的风沙沉积物,推断亚洲冬季风此时可能尚未激发,而该期的干旱环境可能是由行星风系副热带高压控制的干旱炎热气候以及全球变冷事件造成。     

Characterization of an Area Polluted by Copper and Zinc:the Relation between Soil Texture,Mineralogy and Pollutant Concentration

Abstract: Twenty-four soil samples were collected at three depths from an approximately 2.5 acre contaminated site in southern Piedmont (Italy) and then analyzed. The main soil parameters determined were: pH, Cation Exchange Capacity (CEC), particle size distribution, total organic carbon (TOC) content and retained metal concentration. The mineral phases were identified by X-Ray Powder Diffraction (XRPD). All of the samples contained Zn and Cu resulting from industrial contamination during the last century, and those obtained at depths of 20-40 cm consistently showed the highest levels. To determine which size fraction was most active in the retention process, the samples were separated into four fractions (≤2 mm, ≤63 μm, ≤30 μm and ≤2 μm) and the amount of pollutant measured in each. It was found that metal retention was the highest in the clayey fraction, whose clay minerals were identified by XRPD after K+ and Mg2+ saturation, glycerol treatment and heating to 550°C. The clayey fraction was also the richest in TOC, and a direct correlation between TOC amount and metal retention was observed.     

基于灰度—梯度共生矩阵的植被提取方法

在灰度共生矩阵的基础上融入梯度信息,提出灰度—梯度共生矩阵模型,再结合Laws纹理能量测度算法对植被进行提取,得到了较好的实验结果,可应用于遥感影像中的植被监测。     

Spatial structure characteristics detecting of landform based on improved 3D Lacunarity model

The spatial structure characteristics of landform are the foundation of geomorphologic classification and recognition.This paper proposed a new method on quantifying spatial structure characteristics of terrain surface based on improved 3D Lacunarity model.Lacunarity curve and its numerical integration are used in this model to improve traditional classification result that different morphological types may share the close value of indexes based on global statistical analysis.Experiments at four test areas with different landform types show that improved 3D Lacunarity model can effectively distinguish different morphological types per texture analysis.Higher sensitivity in distinguishing the tiny differences of texture characteristics of terrain surface shows that the quantification method by 3D Lacu-narity model and its numerical integration presented in this paper could contribute to improving the accuracy of land-form classifications and relative studies.     

陕西洛南绿松石的结构构造特征研究

采用偏光显微镜观察、扫描电镜、X射线粉晶衍射分析,对产于绿松石遗址陕西洛南的绿松石进行了详细的结构构造研究。结果表明,陕西洛南绿松石的结构多呈隐晶质结构,部分可见环带状结构、结核状结构;可见块状构造、致密块状构造,部分见葡萄状构造;扫描电镜下观察陕西洛南绿松石多呈鳞片状结构、不规则团块状分布,可见板状绿松石微晶不规则分布,部分见孔隙分布;绿松石微晶越接近它形,孔隙越少,排列越均匀,则结构越紧密,呈现致密块状构造;反之则呈葡萄状构造;XRD实验结果表明,样品中均含有绿松石和石英,部分样品中含有少量的伊利石和高岭石。     

热水条件下角闪石断层泥的摩擦滑动性质——与斜长石断层泥的对比

基于速率与状态依赖性摩擦本构关系理论框架,在热水条件下研究了角闪石断层泥的摩擦滑动性质并与闪长岩的另一种主要矿物斜长石的摩擦滑动性质进行了对比.摩擦实验是在三轴实验系统上完成,有效正应力200 MPa,孔隙压力30 MPa,并将加载速率在1.22 μm/s和 0.122 μm/s之间实施了切换.结果表明角闪石的摩擦系数均值为0.70±0.01,随着温度增加没有系统性的变化,整体低于斜长石的摩擦系数(0.75±0.01);计算与实验表明,角闪石和斜长石的摩擦系数的体积分数加权平均值与闪长岩的摩擦系数基本一致;角闪石在实验温度范围内(100～614 ℃)显示速率强化(a-b>0),与斜长石在整个温度范围内的速率弱化(a-b<0)正好相反;角闪石的速率依赖性在整个实验温度范围内无系统性的变化.     

3维城市建模中的建筑墙面纹理快速重建研究

建筑墙面纹理数据的获取是3维城市建模的重要方面和"瓶颈"问题.阐述建筑墙面纹理快速重建需要解决的问题和实现策略,并对纹理影像数据源的选择、获取方式以及重建过程中影像方位元素获取、轮廓线影像匹配关键算法的实现等各方面进行具体探讨,最后以数码相机拍摄的近景影像和直升机载视频序列影像作为纹理数据源分别进行建筑墙面纹理快速重建实验,取得较好的效率和效果.