赣杭构造带相山火山侵入杂岩的岩浆演化特征——来自斜长石和黑云母的化学成分研究

黑云母、斜长石等矿物可作为寄主岩石的岩浆演化的指示剂。本文借助电子探针微区分析技术,通过对赣杭构造带中相山盆地火山侵入杂岩中这些矿物的化学组成进行定量分析发现:碎斑熔岩、花岗斑岩及石英二长斑岩的斜长石环带不明显,并且主要是中长石;石英二长斑岩中黑云母矿物成分为镁质黑云母和铁质黑云母,化学成分更为接近研究区镁铁质微粒包体中黑云母的成分,而碎斑熔岩及花岗斑岩中黑云母的镁含量较低。结合黑云母、斜长石矿物的化学特征及前人的工作研究,相山碎斑熔岩和花岗斑岩的物质来源主要是壳源,没有明显地幔物质的加入,而石英二长斑岩有一定量的地幔物质的加入,并且这个地幔物质的加入发生在石英二长斑岩的黑云母开始结晶之前。     

甲壳胺对褐藻胶胶液的絮凝作用及其在漂浮工艺中的应用研究

研究了甲壳胺作为絮凝剂对褐藻胶胶液的絮凝作用及漂浮效果。结果表明,甲壳胺对褐藻胶胶液具有较强的絮凝作用,其中,１０ｐｐｍ甲壳胺用量的漂浮效果较好,可大大缩短漂浮时间,对清胶液的透光率,粘度和胶收率均有不同程度的提高。     

贵州省丹寨县四相厂难选汞金矿回收黄金工艺流程研究

介绍了从贵州省丹寨四相厂难选汞金矿中回收黄金合理工艺流程的研究，对研究中的几个关键问题进行了详细论述。     

Magmatic process recorded in plagioclase at the Baogutu reduced porphyry Cu deposit,western Junggar,NW-China

Despite the fact that porphyry Cu deposits contain large amounts of Cu in one or more small stocks, few studies have discussed evidence for significant magma recharge in porphyry Cu deposits. A systematic elemental and Sr isotopic study of plagioclase crystals from mineralized diorite and granodiorite porphyry constrains the processes of crystallization and magma recharge at the Baogutu reduced porphyry copper deposit, western Junggar, NW-China. Large compositional changes in An (12–24 mol%) are observed along with strong positive correlations between An and FeO. Significant resorption textures are also preserved in plagioclase crystals as well as repeated oscillatory zoning in An and FeO, and complex Sr isotope variations. Three types of crystals with different core-to-rim Sr isotope variations are recognized. Type I crystals have core-to-rim increases in (⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr)_i that could be explained by diffusion. For example, Sr isotope variations recorded in BCK2-1-2 crystal could be generated by diffusion with simulated maximum crystal residence times of 100–500 years with the proximate value of ∼300 years. Type II crystals with different variation trends in (⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr)_i on opposite sides of the core could be produced either by multi-stage crystallization or by analytical uncertainty. Whereas, type III crystals with complex core-to-rim variations in (⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr)_i, may record repeated magma recharge events. All these results suggest repeated recharging of the magma chamber by hotter, more mafic and less radiogenic Sr isotope melts. Therefore, more mafic melt injection recorded in plagioclase profiles may provide significant metal contributions to the magma chamber, which ultimately results in Cu mineralization at the Baogutu reduced porphyry copper deposit.     

辽西建昌-凌源地区早侏罗世水泉沟组底部英安岩中斜长石环带特征的解译

辽西建昌-凌源地区早侏罗世水泉沟组底部英安岩中斜长石和角闪安山岩中的角闪石具有环带结构.对斜长石用电子探针分析方法研究,发现较完整的斜长石晶体是由具反环带特征的核部和5个具正环带特征的振荡环带组成,核部与振荡环带之间存在熔蚀面.采用相图和晶体环带样式理论分析得出,核部的反环带指示岩浆中无水矿物结晶使岩浆房中的PH2O增大,熔蚀面代表了PH2O增大到某一临界值导致岩浆房上覆围岩破裂,5个振荡环带反映岩浆房上覆围岩破裂后在岩浆房中心和边缘之间岩浆发生过强对流并最终喷出地表.具环带结构的角闪石的结晶压力(核部(5.8±0.5)×108Pa,边部(4.8±0.5)×108Pa)说明,岩浆房的深度为17.5±1.8km,岩浆房开放前流体超压达到过1×108Pa左右.推断,辽西建昌-凌源地区早侏罗世早期地壳岩石圈上部处于压应力状态,下部处于张应力状态.     

桐庐和相山两类酸性火山—侵入杂岩中长石的对比研究

桐庐和相山杂岩体分别属于同熔型和陆壳重熔型火山－侵入杂岩系列,通过对这两个系列中的斜长石及碱性长石进行了对比研究。桐庐杂岩体中存在两种斜长石及两种碱性长石,而相山杂岩体中只有一种斜长石及一种碱性长石。桐庐杂岩体中的两种斜长石,一种为环带构造发育、中心绢云母化较强的斜长石,其中心成分有的已达培长石,而边缘主要为更长石,另一种为环带构造不发育的斜长石,其成分变化较小,主要为中长石;而两种碱性长石中一种为无色透明的透长石,其内部均匀分布有规则的出溶微结构,另一种为微红色的正长石,基本上看不到出溶结构,这两种碱性长石结构不同但成分基本相似。笔者认为桐庐杂岩体中存在的两种斜长石及两种碱性长石反映了岩浆的不平衡结晶作用,这种不平衡主要是岩浆上升过程中带状岩浆房的扰动引起的;而相山杂岩体中的长石反映了一种近平衡结晶的岩浆环境     

Crystallization and resorption in plutonic plagioclase: Implications on the evolution of granodiorite magma (Gęsiniec granodiorite, Strzelin Crystalline Massif, SW Poland)

Granodiorite from the Gęsiniec Intrusion, Strzelin Crystalline Massif, SW Poland contains complexly zoned plagioclases. Five chemically and structurally distinct zones can be correlated among crystals: ‘cores’ (25–35% An), inner mantles (40–45% An), outer mantles (40–25% An), resorption zones (35–50% An) and rims (35–30% An). Good structural and chemical (major and trace elements) correlation of zones between crystals indicates that zonation was produced by changes in conditions of crystallization on a magma chamber scale. Plagioclase, being the liquidus phase, records a time span from the beginning of crystallization to emplacement and rapid cooling of granodiorite as thin dykes.

Crystallization began with the formation of inner mantles. The paucity and different sizes of inner mantles suggests slow crystallization in high temperature magma. Normally zoned inner mantles were formed under increasing undercooling. Compositional trends in mantles suggest closed system crystallization.

The major resorption zones were caused by injection of less evolved magma as indicated by the strontium increase in plagioclase. The injection triggered a rapid rise of magma and plagioclase crystals facilitating mixing but also inducing fast, kinetically controlled growth of complex multiple, oscillatory zonation within resorption zones. The ascent of magma caused decompression melting of plagioclase and produced melt inclusions within inner mantles—the ‘cores’. The decompression range is estimated at a minimum of 2 kbar. Emplacement of granodiorite as thin dykes allow rapid cooling and preservation of magmatic zonation in plagioclases. Melt inclusions crystallized completely during post-magmatic cooling.

The zonation styles of plutonic plagioclase differ markedly from volcanic ones suggesting different magma evolution. Zones in plutonic plagioclase are well correlated indicating crystallization in quiescent magma where crystals accumulation and compositional magma stratification may occur. Crystals probably did not travel between different regimes. Resorption occurred but as single albeit complex episodes. Good correlation of zones in plutonic plagioclases allows a distinction between the main processes controlling zonation and superimposed kinetic effects.     

A new interpretation of the structure of the Sept Iles Intrusive suite, Canada

The layered mafic intrusion at Sept Iles, Canada, is one of the largest intrusions in the world. A new interpretation of its structure is proposed, based on a review of its geology and a comparison with the Skaergaard intrusion, Greenland. Several different magmatic components are recognized; hence the name Sept Iles Intrusive suite (SIIS) is proposed. Emplacement of the suite may have been preceded by eruption of flood basalts. The first magmas of the suite rose in the crust to accumulate beneath the density filter afforded by the basalts. The largest component is the Sept Iles Mafic intrusion (SIMI). The Lower series of the SIMI is dominated by leucotroctolites and leucogabbros. Above it lie the Layered series, which is largely comprised of gabbro and troctolite. Both these units are unchanged from earlier interpretations. The anorthosites (s.l.), gabbros and monzogabbros, formerly called the Transitional series, are now considered to be the Upper Border series, developed by floatation of plagioclase. Common autoliths in the Layered series are parts of the hydrothermally altered Upper Border series from towards the interior of the intrusion, which have foundered and settled through the magma. The contamination of the magma that accompanied this event oxidised iron in the magma and led to the precipitation of magnetite around the periphery of the intrusion. The subsequent depletion of Fe³⁺ and/or increase in SiO₂, CaO and P₂O₅ may have induced apatite saturation and accumulation to form two layers rich in apatite, near the base and at top of the Layered series. Granitic magma was developed by fractional crystallisation and was emplaced along the roof of the chamber, where it acquired large quantities of xenoliths. These were probably derived from the flood basalts, their evolved members and fragments of mafic dykes chilled by the granitic magma. Accumulations of monzonite pillows in this unit testify to another magmatic event and a floor to the granitic magma chamber, indicating lateral transport of magma. Chemically distinct syenites in the upper part of the intrusion are part of the Point du Criade intrusion, a large, late composite sill. Diabase and leucogabbro components show a close link with the SIMI and all the acidic magmas may have originally formed by differentiation of the main magma in cupolas towards the centre of the intrusion. A series of late gabbro intrusions that cut the SIMI may represent a rejuvenation of magmatism. The Border zone is a mass of fine-grained rocks that occurs along the border of the SIMI: it may be another magmatic component, or just the lateral border series of the SIMI.     

Variable parent magmas and recharge regimes of the Parinacota magma system (N. Chile) revealed by Fe, Mg and Sr zoning in plagioclase

Zoning patterns of An content and Fe, Mg and Sr concentrations in plagioclase phenocrysts in andesites from Parinacota Volcano (N. Chile) reflect alternating recharge events with two chemically distinct mafic magmas. These magmas are characterized by low and high Sr contents, similar to two recent mafic flank eruptions. One end-member basaltic andesite shows large Sr enrichment and Heavy Rare Earth depletions and thus equilibrated with lower-crustal rocks at depth where plagioclase (high Sr) is unstable, and garnet (high HREE, Y) is stable. A second end-member magma is lower in Sr, Ba contents and has REE patterns typical for parent magmas elsewhere in the Central Andes.

The number of recorded recharge events increases after a catastrophic sector collapse and during the subsequent rebuilding of the stratocone. Variations of An, Fe and Mg contents and morphology of zones suggest also changes in water pressure, including decompression under water under-saturated and water-saturated conditions. Evidence for decompression is more present in post-collapse samples, suggesting that the change in the volcano dynamics involves changes in magma chamber location. This shows the importance of the cone collapse event in the volcano's magmatic evolution. We propose that both end-members are only seen at the surface of Parinacota Volcano because of the particular dynamics of this volcanic system and that similar processes might occur in other volcanic centres of the Central Volcanic Zone.     

Deformation-enhanced reaction in experimentally deformed plagioclase-olivine aggregates

The effects of deformation on the kinetics of the net-transfer reaction anorthite + forsterite → cpx + opx + spinel ± gt were studied using static and shear deformation experiments. Experiments were performed on dry anorthite-olivine (An₉₂–Fo₉₃) samples at 900°C and pressures between 1,000 and 1,600 MPa in a Griggs apparatus. Deformed (‘non-hydrostatic’) and undeformed (‘static’) samples are compared in terms of phase petrology, reaction rate and reaction mechanisms. Anorthite + olivine reactions are diffusion-controlled as seen from reaction rim structures. In undeformed samples, delayed reaction onset and low reaction rates demonstrate sluggish nucleation of reaction products and slow rates of diffusion at dry conditions, even at 700–900 MPa confining pressure overstepping. The reaction rate is enhanced in deformed An–Fo samples. The higher rate is mainly attributed to a combination of high stresses and viscous deformation processes of the reactants and products, which cause an increase in the nucleation rate of products. The results imply that viscous deformation processes alone can be responsible for the initiation and localisation of metamorphic reactions in dry rocks in the absence of fluid infiltration. A. A. de Ronde was supported by the Swiss National Fond grants 2100-057092.99 and 2000-065041.01.