江西大湖塘钨矿田平苗矿区含矿花岗岩矿物学特征及对成矿的指示意义

赣西北大湖塘钨矿田位于江南造山带东段,是世界级超大型W-Cu-Mo多金属矿田,矿化类型以细脉浸染型矿化为主,成矿作用与燕山期高分异花岗岩密切相关。本文通过对平苗矿区与成矿关系密切的燕山期花岗岩中黑云母和斜长石等矿物进行系统的原位主量元素和微量元素分析,探究岩浆的氧逸度、岩浆系统的深部动力学特征和详细结晶过程,并对成矿作用的指示意义进行探讨。研究表明,似斑状二云母花岗岩从岩浆结晶早期到晚期,一直保持较低的氧逸度（NNO-QFM）,可能与岩浆源区中更多的富泥质沉积岩有关,这种富钨的泥质岩源区和还原性岩浆环境更有利于钨矿的形成。燕山期花岗岩中斜长石的钙长石（An）和CaO含量均远低于晋宁期黑云母花岗闪长岩,很难为白钨矿化提供足够的钙,而黑云母花岗闪长岩由于体积巨大、钙含量高,很可能为区内大规模的白钨矿化贡献了大量的钙元素。斜长石原位分析显示,An和Al₂O₃含量之间存在显著的正相关性,而与FeO含量之间无明显的正相关性,FeO随着An含量的增加基本保持稳定,斜长石中Sr和Ba含量之间也无显著的负相关性,表明该区岩浆房为化学成分相对封闭的岩浆系统,岩浆演化过程中只有热量混合和/或减压作用,没有发生明显的镁铁质岩浆注入与混合。因此,钨、铜、硫等成矿元素应主要来自岩浆源区双桥山群的富泥质变质沉积岩和变质玄武岩的贡献,而非由外来基性岩浆的补给提供。该区岩浆岩形成于华南板块由挤压向伸展的转换期,挤压环境有利于在地壳浅部形成长期稳定的、规模较大的高分异岩浆房,促进成矿元素高度富集和大规模岩浆热液的形成,导致该区发生大规模的钨铜矿化。

     

冈底斯曲水岩基斜长石嵌晶结构对岩浆补给过程的启示

藏南冈底斯岩浆带经历了中生代俯冲-增生造山作用和新生代碰撞造山作用,是研究大陆地壳生长与演化的理想场所。位于冈底斯岩浆带中段的早始新世曲水岩基,主要由花岗岩、花岗闪长岩、闪长岩及辉长岩等组成。前人已经在年代学、地球化学等方面对曲水岩基进行了大量研究。然而,对于岩基的形成是否由岩浆补给控制及其详细过程的研究还较为薄弱。花岗闪长质岩体中暗色岩浆包体特殊的产出状态,如包体墙和弥散状分布的包体等,显示岩浆补给在岩基形成过程中发挥了重要作用。包体中发育斜长石主晶包裹角闪石等客晶的嵌晶结构。本文聚焦包体斜长石的嵌晶结构及客晶矿物（如角闪石）,结合背散射图像、矿物能谱扫描与矿物电子探针分析,以追踪曲水岩基形成期间的岩浆补给过程。计算结果显示客晶角闪石的结晶温度与压力最高（783~853℃、0.23~0.45GPa）,包体基质角闪石次之（781~808℃、0.21~0.31GPa）,花岗闪长质寄主岩中角闪石最低（769~802℃、0.18~0.26GPa）。此外,发育嵌晶结构的斜长石具有明显的成分环带,其偏钠质的核部指示了晶粥体的存在。本研究初步构建了岩浆补给模型与嵌晶结构的形成模型。镁铁质岩浆沿长英质晶粥体下部裂隙上升并淬火结晶大量小颗粒角闪石,随后进入晶粥体上部贫晶熔体中破碎成为小的岩浆滴。岩浆滴捕掳晶粥体中的斜长石,继续生长的斜长石包裹结晶于深部的角闪石而形成嵌晶结构。

     

Interactions between dioritic and granodioritic magmas in mingling zones: plagioclase record of mixing,mingling and subsolidus interactions in the Gęsiniec Intrusion,NE Bohemian Massif,SW Poland

Dioritic and granodioritic rocks coexist in the Gęsiniec Intrusion in SW Poland showing typical relationships in many mafic–felsic mingling zones worldwide, such as dioritic syn-putonic dykes and microgranular enclaves within granodioritic host. Plagioclase zonation from granodioritic rocks suggests late stage mixing probably with dioritic magma, whereas no magma mixing is recorded in plagioclase from dioritic rocks. The diorites seem to show effects of interaction with evolved, leucocratic melts derived from granodiorite, not with the granodioritic melt itself. We conclude that the diorites’ compositions were modified after their emplacement within the granodioritic host, when the diorites were essentially solidified and injection of evolved melt from granodiorite did not involve marked modification of plagioclase composition. Compositional zoning patterns of plagioclase in diorites can be modeled by closed system fractional crystallization interrupted by resorption induced probably by decompression. Granodioritic plagioclase seems to be affected by the same resorption event. Plagioclase that crystallized in dioritic magma before the resorption does not record interaction between dioritic and granodioritic magmas, suggesting that both magmas evolved separately. Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.     

Dislocation generation, slip systems, and dynamic recrystallization in experimentally deformed plagioclase single crystals

Three samples of gem quality plagioclase crystals of An60 were experimentally deformed at 900 °C, 1 GPa confining pressure and strain rates of 7.5–8.7×10⁻⁷ s⁻¹. The starting material is effectively dislocation-free so that all observed defects were introduced during the experiments. Two samples were shortened normal to one of the principal slip planes (010), corresponding to a “hard” orientation, and one sample was deformed with a Schmid factor of 0.45 for the principal slip system [001](010), corresponding to a “soft” orientation. Several slip systems were activated in the “soft” sample: dislocations of the [001](010) and 110(001) system are about equally abundant, whereas 110{111} and [101] in ( 31) to ( 42) are less common. In the “soft” sample plastic deformation is pervasive and deformation bands are abundant. In the “hard” samples the plastic deformation is concentrated in rims along the sample boundaries. Deformation bands and shear fractures are common. Twinning occurs in close association with fracturing, and the processes are clearly interrelated. Glissile dislocations of all observed slip systems are associated with fractures and deformation bands indicating that deformation bands and fractures are important sites of dislocation generation. Grain boundaries of tiny, defect-free grains in healed fracture zones have migrated subsequent to fracturing. These grains represent former fragments of the fracture process and may act as nuclei for new grains during dynamic recrystallization. Nucleation via small fragments can explain a non-host-controlled orientation of recrystallized grains in plagioclase and possibly in other silicate materials which have been plastically deformed near the semi-brittle to plastic transition.     

Deformation mechanism maps for feldspar rocks

Deformation mechanism maps for feldspar rocks were constructed based on recently published constitutive laws for dislocation and grain boundary diffusion creep of wet and dry plagioclase aggregates. The maps display constant temperature contours in stress-grain size space for strain rates ranging from 10⁻¹⁶ to 10⁻¹² s⁻¹.Two fields of dominance of grain boundary diffusion-controlled creep and dislocation creep are separated by a strongly grain size-sensitive transition zone. For wet rocks, diffusion-controlled creep dominates below a grain size of about 0.1–1 mm, depending on temperature, stress, strain rate and feldspar composition. Plagioclase aggregates containing up to 0.3 wt.% water as often found in natural feldspars are more than 2 orders of magnitude weaker than dry rocks. The strength of water-bearing feldspar rocks is moderately dependent on composition and water fugacity.For a grain size range of about 10–50 μm commonly observed in natural ultramylonites, the deformation maps predict that diffusion-controlled creep is dominant at greenschist to granulite facies conditions. Low viscosity estimates of 10¹⁸–10¹⁹ Pa·s from modeling postseismic stress relaxation and channel flow of the continental lower crust can only be reconciled with laboratory experiments assuming dislocation creep at high temperatures >900 °C or, at lower temperatures, diffusion creep of fine-grained rocks possibly localized in abundant high strain shear zones. For similar thermodynamic conditions and grain size, lower crustal rocks are predicted to be less than order of magnitude weaker than upper mantle rocks.     

塔里木盆地西北缘皮羌辉长岩体的时代讨论

皮羌辉长岩体位于塔里木盆地柯坪断隆西部,皮羌村北约15 km处。该岩体的围岩包括志留系、泥盆系和石炭系—二叠系,新近系不整合覆盖其上。采集该辉长岩样品进行单矿物分离,取分离出的斜长石进行Ar-Ar定年。700～1400℃的8个加热阶段析出的~(39)Ar为总量的95.89%,在坪谱图上得到一个较稳定的坪,坪年龄为265.5±1.2 Ma;与之相对应的等时线年龄为267.29±5.62 Ma。结合区域地质分析,皮羌辉长岩体的侵入时代为中二叠世早期;是塔里木二叠纪岩浆活动的一部分。其侵入后基本未受后期构造热事件影响。     

Cr and Sr: Keys to parental magmas and processes in the Bushveld Complex, South Africa

Large layered intrusions are almost certainly periodically replenished during their protracted cooling and crystallization. The exact composition(s) of the replenishing magma(s) in the case of the Bushveld Complex, South Africa, has been debated, mainly on the basis of major element composition and likely crystallization sequences. The intrusion is dominated by orthopyroxene and plagioclase, and so their Cr and Sr contents, and likely partition coefficient values, can be used to re-investigate the appropriateness of the various proposed parental magmas. One magma type, with about 12% MgO, 1000 ppm Cr and 180 ppm Sr, can explain the genesis of the entire Lower and Critical Zones. A number of other magma compositions proposed to produce the Critical Zone fail to match these trace-element constraints by being too poor in Cr. A fundamentally different magma type was added at the base of the Main Zone, but none of the proposed compositions is consistent with the trace-element requirements. Specifically, the Cr contents are higher than predicted from pyroxene compositions. A further geological constraint is demonstrated from a consideration of the Cr budget at this level. There is an abrupt decrease from about 0.4% to 0.1% Cr₂O₃ in orthopyroxene across this Critical Zone–Main Zone transition. No realistic proportions of mixing between the residual magma at the top of the Critical Zone and any proposed added magma composition can have produced a composition that could have crystallized these low-Cr orthopyroxenes. Instead, it is suggested that the resident magma from the Upper Critical Zone was expelled from the chamber, possibly as sills into the country rocks, during influx of a dense, differentiated magma. Near the level of the Pyroxenite Marker in the Main Zone, there is further addition of a ferrobasaltic magma, with 6% MgO, 111 ppm Cr and 350 ppm Sr, that is consistent with the geochemical requirements.     

某高硫铝土矿浮选脱硫的正交试验

铝土矿中硫在碱法生产中将转变为硫酸钠，并在流程中积累，不仅增加碱耗，且能破坏蒸发、熟料烧成等工艺制度，使生产不能正常进行。通过对某高硫铝土矿一段浮选的正交试验，将硫的含量从原矿含硫0．96％降低到精矿含硫0．15％，且精矿中Al2O3的损失量为6．30％。     

胶东早白垩世中-酸性脉岩造岩矿物微区地球化学特征研究

胶东地区广泛发育早白垩世中-酸性脉岩群,但是其成因演化及成岩地质背景至今仍存在诸多争论。本文利用电子探针(EMPA)与激光剥蚀电感藕合等离子质谱(LA-ICP-MS)技术分析了胶东早白垩世石英闪长脉岩与闪长脉岩中主要造岩矿物(斜长石和黑云母)的主、微量元素组成;并结合岩石地球化学特征,对两者的岩浆源区和岩浆演化进行了研究探讨。石英闪长脉岩与闪长脉岩中黑云母低于检测线的Ca O含量与斜长石主量元素之间良好的线性关系指示两者为未受到后期变质作用影响的原生矿物,进一步说明胶东中生代石英闪长脉岩与闪长脉岩岩浆形成后,在上涌成岩过程中未受到变质作用的影响。石英闪长脉岩中壳源黑云母矿物成分基本一致的,以及斜长石正环带中核边部线性变化的An值与Fe、Mg、Sr、Ba等不相容元素特征指示石英闪长脉岩源于华北克拉通东部古老的加厚下地壳部分熔融作用,并在岩浆演化早期和晚期有一定幔源镁铁质岩浆混入,整个岩浆演化过程并未受到大气、俯冲、变质流体混入或构造作用的影响。闪长脉岩中黑云母矿物较大的Fe2+/(Fe2++Mg)比值范围,Al含量与结晶压力高度正相关以及斜长石中不相容元素特征指示本次研究中胶东闪长脉岩源自俯冲的板片来源的流体或沉积物混入所形成富集岩石圈地幔源区。胶东早白垩世石英闪长脉岩与闪长脉岩形成的大地构造动力学背景为古太平洋板俯冲-回撤引起热-机械侵蚀,进而导致岩石圈地幔减薄。在此情况下软流圈地幔上涌加热导致胶东富集岩石圈地幔部分熔融形成地幔熔体。这些幔源熔体经历分离结晶形成早白垩世闪长脉岩。此外,幔源镁铁质岩浆持续加热导致加厚下地壳部分熔融,形成了石英闪长脉岩。     

剪切作用下断层泥的SEM显微结构特征研究

在模拟断层泥的摩擦实验基础上,对辉长岩的2种主要组成矿物斜长石和辉石实验后的标本进行了SEM显微结构的观察与分析,以期从实验室角度去理解下地壳断层活动的性质和特点。斜长石模拟断层泥剪切带中边界剪切面、R1和Y剪切面比较发育,P、R2和X剪切面不发育;辉石剪切带中仅边界剪切面与R1面较为发育。然而,2种主要矿物究竟如何影响辉长岩滑动特性的问题,仍有待进一步深入研究。