电解质浓溶液的离子选择电极选择系数的测定

采用干扰离子的加入法，并利用Ｐｉｔｚｅｒ方程，获得了离子选择电极在高浓度电解质溶液中的干扰离子选择系数。给出了实验原理、实验过程及测定结果，并与常用的分别溶液法和混合溶液法的测定结果进行了比较和讨论。采用干扰离子的加入法测定高浓度电解质溶液中离子选择电极的选择系数，更好地反映了在高浓度电解质溶液中离子选择电极对干扰离子的电位响应。     

Li,K/Cl,SO_4-H_2O体系相平衡的热力学

介绍了根据自己研究测定的Ｌｉ，Ｋ／Ｃｌ，ＳＯ４－Ｈ２Ｏ体系２５℃的渗透系数等热力学性质获得的Ｐｉｔｚｅｒ混合参数，并用自由能最小化方法计算了２５℃ Ｌｉ，Ｋ／Ｃｌ．ＳＯ４－Ｈ２Ｏ体系的相图。结合测定得到的该体系５０℃、７５℃的相图和复盐ＬｉＫＳＯ４转变温度的研究，整个体系相平衡和热力学的研究结果可用于盐湖卤水中锂盐的分离提取。     

盐湖卤水体系的热力学模型及其应用Ⅰ:在Li+,Na+,K+,Mg2+/Cl-,SO42--H2O体系物理化学方面的应用

在简要介绍如何获得了描述“盐湖卤水体系”Li+ ,Na+ ,K+ ,Mg2 + Cl-,SO42 - H2 O 2 5℃热力学的全部Pitzer参数后 ,详细举例说明了模型在卤水热力学性质预测、含锂盐湖卤水中盐类饱和度、含锂盐湖卤水在2 5℃ 1 0 1 3× 1 0 5Pa下的天然卤水离子缔和状态 (化学模型 )计算等方面的应用     

Pitzer理论在变温高浓卤水体系地球化学平衡研究中的应用

在描述和计算多组分高浓电解质溶液化学平衡方面 ,Pitzer理论及其半经验方程体系是迄今为止最有成效的成果。后继研究者以Pitzer理论为基础 ,建立了较有代表性的HW模型、HMW模型以及SMW模型。针对察尔汗盐湖实际情况 ,作者选择SMW模型并自行开发出计算程序 ,通过溶解驱动开采固体钾矿的室内试验所用溶剂的化学平衡计算 ,分析了各溶剂的溶矿能力 ,提出溶剂中光卤石不饱和是其溶解固相钾矿的关键所在 ,综合利用钾肥厂尾液和盐田老卤作为溶解驱动固体钾矿的溶剂在理论上是可行的     

Modelling of natural and synthetic polyelectrolyte interactions in natural waters by using SIT, Pitzer and Ion Pairing approaches

In this paper SIT and Pitzer models are used for the first time to describe the interactions of natural and synthetic polyelectrolytes in natural waters. Measurements were made potentiometrically at 25 °C in single electrolyte media, such as Et₄NI and NaCl (for fulvic acid 0.1 < I /mol L^− 1 < 0.75), and in a multi-component medium simulating the composition of natural waters at a wide range of salinities (for fulvic and alginic acids: 5 < S < 45) with particular reference to sea water [Synthetic Sea Water for Equilibrium studies, SSWE]. In order to simplify calculations, SSWE was considered to be a “single salt” BA, with cation B and anion A representing all the major cations (Na⁺, K⁺, Mg²⁺, Ca²⁺) and anions (Cl⁻, SO₄²⁻) in natural sea water, respectively. The ion pair formation model was also applied to fulvate and alginate in artificial sea water by examining the interaction of polyanions with the single sea water cation. Results were compared with those obtained from previous speciation studies of synthetic polyelectrolytes (polyacrylic and polymethacrylic acids of different molecular weights). Results indicate that the SIT, Pitzer and Ion Pairing formation models used in studies of low molecular weight electrolytes may also be applied to polyelctrolytes with a few simple adjustments.     

Use of Pitzer Equations to Examine the Formation of Mercury(II) Hydroxide and Chloride Complexes in NaClO<Subscript>4</Subscript> Media

The thermodynamic stability constants for the hydrolysis and formation of mercury (Hg²⁺) chloride complexes

298.15K下KCl-RbCl-H2O体系热力学性质的等压研究

用等压法测定了298.15 K下氯化物型含铷卤水的三元子体系KCl-Rb Cl-H2O的等压平衡浓度,混合溶液的离子强度范围从0.5 mol·kg-1到4.9 mol·kg-1。由实验结果计算了混合溶液的渗透系数、水活度,根据Pitzer离子相互作用模型对实验结果进行参数化研究,拟合得到了描述KCl-Rb Cl-H2O混合溶液中离子间相互作用的Pitzer混合参数。用Pitzer模型计算的混合溶液的渗透系数、水活度与实验结果相一致。     

298.15K下LiCl-Li_2B_4O_7-H_2O体系中LiCl的活度系数和离解平衡研究

用锂离子选择电极和经典 Ag- Ag Cl电极测定了 2 98.15K下 L i Cl- Li2 B4 O7- H2 O体系中离子强度范围为 0 .0 1～ 2 .50 mol· kg-1,不同 Li2 B4 O7离子强度分数的 L i Cl的平均活度系数。由实验数据 ,用迭代法及多元线性回归法 ,求取了 L i2 B4 O7的化学计量离解平衡常数 Km,热力学离解平衡常数 K及 Pitzer离子作用参数 ,并与实验值比较标准偏差为 0 .0 50 0。同时该实验结果在 0 .0 1- 0 .50 mol·kg-1离子强度范围内与 2 98.15K下 L i Cl- L i2 SO4 - H2 O体系 L i Cl平均活度系数的变化趋势进行了比较 ,得到 L i Cl在 Li2 B4 O7介质中平均活度系数随 Yb的增大而增大 ,而在 L i2 SO4 介质中则减小     

Isothermal Evaporating Phase Equilibria in the Quaternary System (LiCl+NaCl+Li2SO4+Na2SO4+H2O)at 348.15 K and 0.1 MPa:An Experimental and Theoretical Study

The gradient solar pond technique is an economic separating process employed in the inorganic chemical industrial production of salt lake chemical engineering processes. In this paper,a novel isothermal evaporation experimental method was employed to simulate the evaporation phase equilibrium for the reciprocal quaternary system( LiCl + NaCl + Li_2 SO_4+ Na_2 SO_4+ H_2 O) at 348. 15 K to serve as a useful guide for lithium salt production via the depth solar ponds. The isothermal evaporation equilibrium solubilities and physicochemical properties,including the densities and pH values,were experimentally investigated. The dry-salt phase diagram,water-phase diagram,and the diagram of the physicochemical properties versus composition were plotted with respect to the experimental data. The drysalt phase diagram consists of three invariant points,seven univariant solubility curves,and five crystallization regions,specifically halite( NaCl,Ha),thenardite( Na_2 SO_4,Th),double salt( Li_2 SO_4·Na_2 SO_4,Db_2),lithium sulfate monohydrate( Li_2 SO_4·H_2 O,Ls),and lithium chloride monohydrate( LiCl·H_2 O,Lc). Based on Pitzer and its extended HMW model,the Pitzer single salt parameters,mixing ion interaction parameters,and thermodynamic stable equilibrium constants for the quaternary system at 348. 15 K were obtained. The calculated phase diagram and experimental isothermal phase diagram at 348. 15 K exhibited a great difference. Based on these results,the isothermal evaporation phase diagram can truly reflect the salt sedimentary in salt lakes and can be applied as a useful guide for the solar pond process.