Surface motion of a semi-cylindrical hill for incident plane SV waves： Analytical solution

Introduction Scattering of incident waves by local topographies is one of the most attractive topics in the field of engineering seismology. They can be resolved by either a numerical method or an analyti-cal method. The numerical methods include finite difference method, finite element method, boundary element method, etc. The analytical method is the wave function expansion method. Al-though numerical methods can be used for arbitrary-shaped topographies, the analytical solutions are still …     

Seismic Displacement of Gravity Walls by a Two-body Model

Gravity walls retaining dry soil are modeled as a system of two bodies: (a) the gravity wall that slides along the wall-foundation soil boundary and (b) the critical soil wedge in the soil behind the wall. The strength of the system is defined by both the frictional and the cohesional components of resistance. The angle of the prism of the critical soil wedge behind the wall is obtained using the limit equilibrium method. The model accounts for changes in the geometry of the backfill soil behind the wall by considering the displacements at the end of each time step under limit equilibrium. The model shows that the standard (single) block model is over-conservative for the extreme case of critical-to-applied-seismic acceleration ratios less than about 0.30, but works well for cases where this ratio ranges between 0.5 and 0.8. The model is applied to predict the seismic displacement of gravity walls (a) tested in the shaking-table and (b) studied numerically by elaborate elasto–plastic analyses.     

Correlation of atmospheric visibility with chemical composition of Kaohsiung aerosols

The objective of this study was to investigate the correlation of visibility with chemical composition of Kaohsiung aerosols. Daytime visibility was observed around noon at two observation sites in metropolitan Kaohsiung, Taiwan in the years of 1999 and 2000. Both seasonal and diurnal variation patterns of visibility were observed in the region. Ambient aerosols were sampled and analyzed for 11 constituents, including water-soluble ionic species (Cl⁻, NO₃⁻, SO₄⁻², NH₄⁺, K⁺, Na⁺, Ca⁺², and Mg⁺²) and carbonaceous contents (OC, EC, and TC), to characterize the chemical composition of Kaohsiung aerosols. Furthermore, a stepwise multiple linear regression model was developed to elucidate the influence of aerosol species on visibility impairments. The results showed that sulfate was the dominant species that affected both light scattering coefficient and visibility. On average, the percentage contributions of visibility degrading species to light scattering coefficient were 29% for sulfate, 28% for nitrate, 22% for total carbon, and 21% for PM_2.5-remainder. An empirical regression model of visibility based on sulfate, nitrate, and relative humidity was also developed. The model showed that sulfate in PM_2.5 was the most sensitive species to visibility variation, suggesting that the reduction of sulfate in PM_2.5 could effectively improve the visibility of metropolitan Kaohsiung. During the investigation period, an event of Asian dusts intruded metropolitan Kaohsiung and dramatically increased the aerosol loadings, especially in the coarse particles. However, local visual air quality did not degrade accordingly during the Asian dust event because both visibility and light scattering coefficient are affected mainly by the fine particles. The results are discussed in detail in the paper.     

太阳高度角和日出日落时刻太阳方位角一年变化范围的计算

介绍了太阳位置的确定方法，并通过计算给出了全省气象观测台站的日出、日落方向的太阳方位角变化结果以及每个台站一年中正午时刻太阳高度角变化范围。     

基于Hyperion影像的涩北气田油气信息提取

 对柴达木地区涩北气田地质地理环境下的蚀变矿物进行分析，结合卫星高光谱遥感数据Hyperion的图谱，对已知气田区与背景区光谱特征进行相关分析，确定了932.64~1 346.25 nm与2 002.06~2 385.5 nm为油气信息识别的有利波长范围； 利用光谱角制图（SAM）技术提取了涩北气田油气的空间分布信息和台吉乃尔含气构造等远景区，为高光谱遥感油气勘探提供了有效技术方法与途径。     

“醉汉林”作为滑坡和边坡变形特征标志的意义——以陕西陇县地区为例

“醉汉林”一般被当做滑坡存在的一种标志。在陕西宝鸡地区进行地质灾害详细调查的过程中,发现变形边坡也有“醉汉林”分布。对陕西陇县郭家庄变形边坡“醉汉林”的树木倾斜角与边坡的倾角进行了测量,并结合几何学分析,认为树木倾斜角反映了边坡倾角的变化,并得出边坡倾角不断变陡是该地区边坡变形的一种主要方式的结论。研究结果表明,“醉汉林”有着多样而具体的指示意义:“醉汉林”记录了边坡变形的历史,可以作为区分滑坡与变形边坡的标志,“醉汉林”可以指示滑坡及边坡的状态,还可以判断滑坡剪出口是否存在。     

半球形沉积谷场地对入射平面Rayleigh波的三维散射解析解

把半球形沉积谷和周围半空间场地分别用具有不同弹性模量和不同半径的球坐标描述。利用Fourier-Bessel级数展开法,在频域内给出了半空间中半球形沉积谷场地在平面Rayleigh波入射下三维散射问题的解析解。利用这一解析解计算分析了入射波频率、场地软硬对场地内地表位移幅值的影响。     

起伏地表条件下的声波散射数值模拟的积分方程法

从散射理论的角度来看,起伏地表可以看作是一种特殊的扰动介质,因此应用散射积分方程求解起伏地表条件下的散射场在理论上是可行的。从三维频率域声波方程出发,由格林函数定理,得出起伏地表条件下的散射积分方程。散射积分方程为关于起伏地表的面积分和与速度扰动体有关的体积分之和,同时给出了格林函数在奇异点的积分方法。由于数值离散求解积分方程存在着计算时间太长和存储内存不足的问题,采用电磁散射积分方程的拟解析近似的方法。在假设反射函数为缓变函数的基础上,最终得到其近似表达式,因此散射场的数值求解不必再借助于代数方程组,只要进行数值积分即可。这种方法避开了传统数值计算方法存在的问题,为地震散射波场快速正演模拟打下了基础。理论分析表明,这种方法适用于小扰动的问题。当扰动较大时,拟解析近似会产生较大的误差。     

改进的光谱角制图沿照度方向分类法及其应用——以ETM数据为例

选取多光谱遥感数据（ETM）对新疆北山西段中坡山笔架山一带进行了遥感蚀变信息提取方法研究。根据光谱角制图信息增强方法的优缺点,通过对光谱照度的研究,提出了结合光谱角分类方法进行沿光谱照度方向距离分类的信息提取方法。实验表明,该方法应用于ETM数据,增强了目标信息,同时剔除掉因照度所产生的大量非目标信息,为优化信息提供了一种有效的方法。在地形比较平坦的研究区取得了很好的应用效果。