琼东北八所组ESR年龄及其构造意义

八所组是琼东北晚第四纪一个重要地层单位,同时也是河流Ⅱ级阶地（T2）的主要沉积地层,其形成年代对该区域晚第四纪以来的古环境演化及地壳运动的研究有着重要意义。为了限定其形成时代,文章采取ESR的方法,对广泛分布于琼东北珠溪河及古三江河一带的八所组地层进行了系统的测年。结果表明:该套地层形成于晚更新世中晚期（64.36 ka~18.40 ka BP）;沉积时代对应末次冰期MIS4~MIS2阶段;河流的下切与T2阶地的形成,一定程度上反映了该时期琼东北海平面的频繁波动及地壳的间歇性抬升;此外,分布于现代海岸风沙强烈作用地带的老红砂与八所组属同期异相的风成堆积,应与八所组地层加以区分。      

发扬李四光地震预报的科学思想

李四光教授关于地震地质工作中地震预报方面的重要观点和思想主要包括:地应力变化与地震密切相关;地震活动带中也存在相对安全的地区(“安全岛”理论);地震地质调查是地震预报的基础;地震是可以预测的,地应力的变化过程是地震预报的关键.他的“安全岛”理论及地震预报思想至今仍有着十分重要的理论意义和现实意义.     

The late Quaternary development of three ancient tarns on southwestern Cumberland Peninsula, Baffin Island, Arctic Canada: paleolimnological evidence from diatoms and sediment chemistry

Sediment diatom and chemical analyses of cores from three poorly buffered extra-glacial lakes on the northeastern margin of the Canadian Shield (Cumberland Peninsula, Baffin Island) record interactions between aquatic and terrestrial spheres that were influenced by late Quaternary climatic conditions. Although differences exist between each of the lakes, notably with regards to the intensity of pre-Holocene catchment erosion and the timing of the onset of organic sedimentation, an underlying pattern of lake ontogeny, common to all three lakes, is identified. Although intensified watershed erosion characterized the Late Wisconsinan and Neoglacial cold periods, the lakes nonetheless remained viable ecosystems at these times. Sudden catchment stabilization during the late-glacial to earliest Holocene is associated with incipient organic sedimentation. Lake-water pH increased at this time, likely in response both longer base cation residence times as lake flushing rates decreased, and enhanced alkalinity production from sediment biogeochemical reactions. Subsequently, as the catchments remained stable during the productive early Holocene (c.9–7 ka BP), then gradually received a renewed increase of minerogenic sedimentation, the breakdown of sources of lake alkalinity resulted in natural acidification. Burial of cation-rich mineral sediments and the loss of permanent sedimentary sinks for the products of microbial reduction likely impeded within-lake alkalinity production, and catchment-derived base cations appeared ineffective in curtailing pH declines. The general nature of the Holocene development of these lakes is similar to that observed elsewhere on crystalline terrains, following deglaciation. Our data therefore suggest that catchment glaciation is not a necessary precursor for models of lake development characterized by initial base cation enrichment and subsequent gradual acidification.     

南极半岛屈韦维尔岛白垩纪中期火山岩浆作用及其构造指示:锆石U-Pb年代学和Hf同位素制约

南极半岛长期以来位于冈瓦纳古陆的西缘,是冈瓦纳古陆最后裂解的发生地。南极半岛内出露有大量的中新生代火成岩,关于其成岩期次、源区性质以及产出的动力学背景等尚存争议,从而影响到对南极半岛构造演化的认识。本文报道了南极半岛中部构造域屈韦维尔岛地区出露的安山质火山岩、闪长玢岩脉及其中闪长岩捕掳体的LA-MC-ICP-MS锆石UPb年代学和Hf同位素分析数据。其中含角砾安山质熔岩、安山质火山角砾岩、中粒闪长岩捕虏体和闪长玢岩脉4件样品的锆石U-Pb测年结果分别为103.3±1.7Ma、101.9±1.8Ma、92.0±1.2Ma和85.7±07Ma,表明该岛在白垩纪中期存在三幕火山岩浆作用事件:第一幕约为102Ma发生的强烈火山喷发;第二幕约为92Ma的闪长岩侵入作用;第三幕约为86Ma的闪长玢岩体侵入作用。锆石的Hf同位素原位分析结果表明,主要测点的εHf(t)值在+2.5~+7.9之间,平均值为+4.4,其一阶段Hf模式年龄为505~678Ma,表明白垩纪中期出露的火成岩可能由新元古代-寒武纪的亏损地幔物质部分熔融所形成。结合前人研究成果,得出本岛出露的火成岩形成于冈瓦纳古陆裂解过程所伴生的俯冲岛弧环境中,是构成南极半岛中部岩浆弧构造域的主体岩性之一。     

海南什统萤石矿床地质特征

什统萤石矿床位于海南省白沙拗陷带与五指山隆起的接触部位,是以断裂控矿为主的大型萤石矿床,其容矿构造为NE向张扭性断裂,成矿围岩为二长花岗岩和结晶灰岩.笔者以现场地质事实为依据,细致地研究该区的矿床地质特征,为今后的萤石矿床地质探矿提供了理论依据.     

南麂岛附近海域潮汐和潮流的特征

以2008年冬季在浙江近海南麂岛附近投放的4个底锚系观测的水位和流速资料为依据,分析了潮汐和潮流特征。水位谱分析结果显示半日分潮最显著,全日分潮其次;近岸的浅水分潮比离岸大。水位调和分析结果表明:潮汐类型均为正规半日潮,近岸处的平均潮差大于3m,最大可能潮差大于6m,潮汐呈现出显著的低潮日不等和回归潮特征。流速谱分析结果显示半日分潮流最强,全日分潮流其次,且比半日分潮流小得多;近岸浅水分潮流比远离岸显著。流速调和分析结果表明:潮流类型均为正规半日潮流,靠近岸的两个站浅水分潮流较显著;最显著的半日分潮流是M2分潮流,其最大流速介于0.32～0.48m/s之间,全日分潮流均很弱,最大流速小于0.06m/s。M2分潮流均为逆时针旋转,椭圆率越靠近海底越大;最大分潮流流速分布为中上层最大、表层略小、底层最小;最大分潮流流速方向的垂向变化很小,底层比表层略为偏左;最大分潮流流速到达时间随深度的加深而提前,底层比中上层约提前30min。潮流椭圆的垂向分布显示这里的半日分潮流以正压潮流为主;日分潮流则表现出很强的斜压性。     

我国无居民海岛管理现状、问题及建议

无居民海岛是我国自然资源的重要组成部分。为加快推进生态文明建设,党和国家对我国自然资源的管理提出了新的要求。文章采用问题和目标导向的研究方法,通过对我国无居民海岛管理的历史遗留问题、管理能力、管理体系和信息化建设等方面进行分析,提出了分类处置历史遗留用岛,优化精细化分类管理体系、完善海岛管理制度体系、完善海岛数据更新体系等建议,对提升我国无居民海岛管理水平,实施海洋强国战略具有重要的意义。     

渤海湾曹妃甸港区开发对水动力泥沙环境的影响

针对渤海湾曹妃甸海域波浪、潮流、泥沙及海床演变特点,应用波流共同作用下二维泥沙数学模型研究港区开发方案。2006年冬季和夏季大、小潮潮流泥沙验证表明,该海域潮位及15条同步垂线流速、流向、含沙量过程的计算值与实测值吻合良好,并进行了矿石码头港池前沿海域在潮流与波浪共同作用下悬沙引起的冲淤验证,计算的冲淤厚度及其分布趋势与实测值比较接近。在此基础上,研究了曹妃甸前岛后陆的港区围垦方案对水动力环境的影响问题,包括该工程引起的曹妃甸甸头以南深槽、老龙沟深槽及各港池的流速变化及底床的冲淤变形等。     

Shallow seismic refraction analysis: Application to studying the active North Sakhalin fault

Results are presented from a seismic refraction survey (P-S waves) carried out in different years on recent faults of North Sakhalin. Structural features of the near-surface zone of active faults with different types of tectonic motions and their imaging in seismic fields are demonstrated. Criteria for estimating the activity of the studied tectonic disruption are proposed.