Cosmogenic 10Be and 26Al Chronology of the Last Glaciation of the Palaeo-Daocheng Ice Cap, Southeastern Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau

The glacial landforms of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau(QTP) provide a unique opportunity to research hemispheric and global environmental changes. In this study,we focus on the glacial history of the palaeo-Daocheng Ice Cap(p-DIC) in the southeastern QTP during the last glacial cycle. Based on field investigations,morphostratigraphy,and surface exposure dating of roche moutonnée,polished surface and moraine debris through the terrestrial cosmogenic nuclides(TCN) 10 Be and 26 Al. We identify glacial deposits of the last deglaciation,with minimum ages of 14.9±1.3–18.7±1.7 ka,the Last Glacial Maximum(LGM) of 24.7±2.2 ka,and the early part of the last glacial period(marine oxygen isotope stage(MIS) 3) of 37.1±3.4–45.2±3.9 ka. Our results show that in this region,the extent of the glacial advance during MIS 3 was larger than that during the traditional LGM(MIS 2). These ages are consistent with prior chronologies,and the 10 Be age is consistent with the 26 Al age for the same sample. Thus,these data provide reliable constraints on climate change in the QTP,during the last glaciation.     

柴达木盆地大浪滩地区表层芒硝的形成时代及环境意义

通过对柴达木盆地大浪滩地区的两次实地勘查,发现小梁山多处可见芒硝—碳酸盐粘土互层的露头,选取了完整沉积的D26剖面进行研究。比较盐湖学的研究表明,芒硝是典型的冷相盐类矿物;而碳酸盐粘土和石膏则反映了相对温暖潮湿和温暖的环境。本文通过对芒硝—碳酸盐粘土互层的矿物鉴定,石膏的铀系不平衡法定年,以及结合碳酸盐粘土的碳氧同位素分析,首次揭示出大浪滩地区在倒数第二次冰期（MIS 6阶段）前后经历了偏暖潮湿期（＞195.1 ka BP）→寒冷干旱期（195.1 ~ 169.9 ka BP）→偏暖湿期（169.9 ka BP ka BP）→冷暖交替时期（169.9 ka BP ~ 118 ka BP）→偏暖湿期（118 ka BP）的气候演变序列。经与黄土剖面,深海氧同位素和区域研究资料的对比表明,自中晚更新世以来,大浪滩地区不仅受到区域地质活动的影响,也与全球的气候变化同步响应。     

Chronology of latest Pleistocene mountain glaciation in the western Wasatch Mountains, Utah, U.S.A.

Understanding the timing of mountain glacier and paleolake expansion and retraction in the Great Basin region of the western United States has important implications for regional-scale climate change during the last Pleistocene glaciation. The relative timing of mountain glacier maxima and the well-studied Lake Bonneville highstand has been unclear, however, owing to poor chronological limits on glacial deposits. Here, this problem is addressed by applying terrestrial cosmogenic ¹⁰Be exposure dating to a classic set of terminal moraines in Little Cottonwood and American Fork Canyons in the western Wasatch Mountains. The exposure ages indicate that the main phase of deglaciation began at 15.7 ± 1.3 ka in both canyons. This update to the glacial chronology of the western Wasatch Mountains can be reconciled with previous stratigraphic observations of glacial and paleolake deposits in this area, and indicates that the start of deglaciation occurred during or at the end of the Lake Bonneville hydrologic maximum. The glacial chronology reported here is consistent with the growing body of data suggesting that mountain glaciers in the western U.S. began retreating as many as 4 ka after the start of northern hemisphere deglaciation (at ca. 19 ka).     

Late Neoarchaean-Palaeoproterozoic supracrustal basin-fills of the Kaapvaal craton: Relevance of the supercontinent cycle, the "Great Oxidation Event" and "Snowball Earth"?

The application of the onset of supercontinentality, the “Great Oxidation Event” (GOE) and the first global scale glaciation in the Neoarchaean-Palaeoproterozoic as panacea-like events providing a framework or even chronological piercing points in Earth’s history at this time, is questioned. There is no solid evidence that the Kaapvaal craton was part of a larger amalgamation at this time, and its glacigenic record is dominated by deposits supporting the operation of an active hydrological cycle in parallel with glaciation, thereby arguing against the “Snowball Earth Hypothesis”. While the Palaeoproterozoic geological record of Kaapvaal does broadly support the GOE, this postulate itself is being questioned on the basis of isotopic data used as oxygen-proxies, and sedimentological data from extant river systems on the craton argue for a prolongation of the greenhouse palaeo-atmosphere (possibly in parallel with a relative elevation of oxygen levels) which presumably preceded the GOE. The possibility that these widespread events may have been diachronous at the global scale is debated.     

保山地块下二叠统丁家寨组碳同位素特征

对保山地块的下二叠统丁家寨组碳酸盐岩、含砾钙质杂砂岩及其上、下层位的碳酸盐岩进行了野外剖面实测、钻孔编录和碳、氧同位素分析测试,发现该地区丁家寨组碳同位素表现出一定的变化规律。丁家寨组之下和之上的碳酸盐岩δ¹³C值偏大（均为正值）,而丁家寨组δ¹³C值出现了一至多次负偏移。珊瑚化石和苔藓虫化石分别在铺门前组和丁家寨组中被发现,为其时代的限定提供了新依据。通过与全球其它地区同期碳氧同位素分布的投图对比,发现该时期碳、氧同位素数据因受到冰川的影响而表现出具有较强的线性相关性,这些样品受到了成岩作用的影响。δ¹³C负偏移可能与冰期低水位期沉积和成岩过程中近地表的暴露有关。卧牛寺玄武岩大面积喷发引起的各种效应,包括CO₂含量的升高、全球变暖、风化作用的加强、陆源碎屑输入的增加等多种因素,协同冰川作用共同影响了丁家寨组海洋无机碳同位素的变化。     

青藏高原东缘高位崩滑灾害多动力多期次演化特征

青藏高原东缘是全球重要的活动构造区,高原峡谷区斜坡陡峻,高位崩滑灾害多发。采用遥感解译、地面调查、钻孔勘探及测年分析等方法,研究了西藏洛隆察达沟和易贡扎木弄沟两处高位崩滑堆积体的多动力多期次演化特征。研究结果表明：(1)沿陡峻沟道发生的高位崩滑灾害多为复合成因,兼具内动力和外动力作用交替促发特征;(2)洛隆察达沟晚更新世以来的堆积物形成序列可分为4期,分别经历了以冰川作用为主的冰碛物堆积、古地震引发的高位崩滑-碎屑流堆积、气候变暖背景下的冰-岩崩滑堆积及近代重力崩滑堆积;(3)易贡扎木弄沟在过去5500年中,先后发生了8次以上较大规模崩滑堆积,测年结果显示了巨型崩滑事件存在百年数量级的复发周期,由于不同期次巨型崩滑体的成因不同,复发周期可能存在长、中、短的差异;(4)近年来受全球气候变化影响,冰-岩崩滑灾害频现,可能成为高原峡谷区高位远程地质灾害研究的焦点。本文关于高位崩滑灾害多期次演化过程的认识对于高原峡谷区重大地质灾害防灾减灾具有一定启示意义。     

现代长江口的形成及末次冰消期以来沉积环境演变

利用在长江口崇明岛获得的一个第四纪钻孔,对中更新世末以来的沉积物进行了OSL、14C测年,在此基础上进行岩性、微体古生物和孢粉分析,以探讨现代长江口形成的基础以及末次冰消期以来在气候-海平面波动控制下河口沉积环境的演变。研究结果显示,本孔所在地中更新世末处于湖沼环境,但晚更新世一直以河流环境为主,且主要发育末次冰期的河道滞留相沉积。在此基础上,随着末次冰消期海平面的上升,先后发育了河口湾和三角洲沉积体系。末次冰消期的海平面快速上升在本孔沉积物记录中体现为微体古生物化石较丰富,潮流作用显著。全新世早期长江口堆积速率明显高于全新世中晚期,应当反映了温暖湿润的季风气候条件下入海泥沙非常丰富。     

青藏高原第四纪冰川作用及其气候响应的讨论

关于青藏高原和周边山地第四纪冰川作用及其气候响应存在不同观点。一些学者认为老冰期主要发生在氧同位素奇数阶段; MIS 3和早全新世存在规模较大的冰川前进; 南亚季风对青藏高原冰川作用起主导作用(水汽驱动)。另一些学者则认为青藏高原冰川作用主要对应于氧同位素偶数阶段; 冰川发育是构造隆升-冰期气候耦合的产物(低温驱动)。本文基于现有的陆地生成宇宙核素(TCN)和光释光(OSL)等年代结果总结了不同时间尺度和不同类型冰川波动与气候变化历史的对比, 并对几个关键的争议问题做了讨论。结果表明, 在不同类型冰川区和不同时间尺度下, 冰川作用在湿润期和低温期都有可能发生, 但总体上主要与低温相对应。青藏高原冰川对气温的响应似乎更为敏感。MIS 3冰进规模较大可能是降水较多结合冷期(或冷事件)降温所致, 显示了印度季风降水和气温波动对高原冰川的共同作用。早全新世冰进也与印度季风和北半球冷事件关系密切。目前的测年数据还没有推翻"冰期发生在氧同位素偶数阶段"这种传统认识。当前急需更多精确的数字定年工作, 以不断更新对青藏高原冰期时代及其气候响应机制的了解。     

玉龙山西麓更新世冰川作用及其与金沙江河谷发育的关系

在玉龙山东麓更新世冰川作用研究的基础上,对其西麓和金沙江河谷中的古冰川与冰水沉积物的分布和特征进行了调查。结合ESR测年,划分出4次冰期,即0.7~0.6MaB.P.的玉龙冰期,0.53~0.45MaB.P.的干海子冰期,0.31~0.13MaB.P.的丽江冰期和晚更新世中晚期的大理冰期,其中玉龙冰期为规模较大的山麓冰川,丽江和大理冰期为山谷冰川,干海子冰期则为山麓冰川与山谷冰川的过渡类型。来自玉龙山西坡的玉龙冰期冰碛物充填于现今金沙江谷底的事实和大具金沙江下渡口西岸早更新世金沙江砾石层的发现表明,金沙江在早更新世早期即已存在,也说明了在该段金沙江河谷中多处发现的湖相沉积物是冰川沉积堰塞河谷而成石鼓古湖的结果。在该段金沙江河谷中仅发现拔河50m左右以内的4级河流阶地,且往往以这些湖相沉积为基座的现象,则是石鼓古湖被外泄后金沙江现代河谷形成的结果。