A complete sample of radio sources in the North Ecliptic Cap, selected at 38 MHz – III. Further imaging observations and the photometric properties of the sample

Further imaging observations of a sample of radio sources in the North Ecliptic Cap are presented and a number of new identifications are made. Using redshifts from spectroscopic data presented in a companion paper by Lacy et al., the photometric properties of the galaxies in the sample are discussed. It is shown that: (1) out to at least z ≈0.6 radio galaxies are good standard candles irrespective of radio luminosity; (2) for 0.6≲ z ≲1 a large fraction of the sample has magnitudes and colours consistent with a non-evolving giant elliptical, and (3) at higher redshifts, where the R -band samples the rest-frame UV flux, most objects have less UV luminosity than expected if they form their stellar populations at a constant rate from a high redshift to z ∼1 in unobscured star-forming regions (assuming an Einstein–de Sitter cosmology). The consequences of these observations are briefly discussed.     

The distribution of supermassive black holes in the nuclei of nearby galaxies

The growth of supermassive black holes by merging and accretion in hierarchical models of galaxy formation is studied by means of Monte Carlo simulations. A tight linear relation between masses of black holes and masses of bulges arises if the mass accreted by supermassive black holes scales linearly with the mass-forming stars and if the redshift evolution of mass accretion tracks closely that of star formation. Differences in redshift evolution between black hole accretion and star formation introduce a considerable scatter in this relation. A non-linear relation between black hole accretion and star formation results in a non-linear relation between masses of remnant black holes and masses of bulges. The relation of black hole mass to bulge luminosity observed in nearby galaxies and its scatter are reproduced reasonably well by models in which black hole accretion and star formation are linearly related but do not track each other in redshift. This suggests that a common mechanism determines the efficiency for black hole accretion and the efficiency for star formation, especially for bright bulges.     

贵州织纳煤田晚二叠世海进海退旋回及煤聚积

黔西南上二叠统为以碎屑沉积为主的含煤层序。该层序包括3个沉积体系域,下部体系域为海湾-泻湖体系沉积,中部体系域为三角洲体系和障壁坝-泻湖体系沉积,上部体系域为碎屑海岸体系沉积,总体反映海平面上升过程。煤层分布范围随海平面上升不断由东向西后退,主要煤层富集与最大进积期有关,即赋存于下部体系域上部和中部体系域。因此,利用海平面升降旋回可较好地预测煤层分布范围及主要煤层赋存规律。      

即墨地区莱阳群底部止凤庄组地质特征及其碎屑锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb年龄地质意义

为了了解盆地沉积初期的物源特征,对位于胶莱盆地东缘即墨地区早白垩世莱阳群止凤庄组沉积特征、物质组成及碎屑锆石进行了U-Pb同位素测年研究。野外调查表明,止凤庄组为一套陆源碎屑沉积,具有近源沉积的特点。南泊一带止凤庄组底部碎屑岩碎屑锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb年龄介于233~734 Ma,年龄分布于5个区间,呈现明显的幕式特征,至少记录了2次重要的构造热事件。侵入于止凤庄组石英二长岩的锆石U-Pb加权平均年龄为(123.50±0.95)Ma,限定了止凤庄组地层沉积上限年龄为123.50 Ma。综合分析认为,止凤庄组物源主要来自苏鲁造山带,部分来自扬子板块。这有助于了解胶莱盆地沉积初期其物源区苏鲁造山带的地体情况。     

Gravitationally unstable protoplanetary discs

The possibility that protoplanetary gaseous discs are dynamically unstable to axisymmetric and non-axisymmetric gravity perturbations (e.g. those produced by spontaneous disturbances) with characteristic scales larger than the vertical scale height is discussed analytically, using a local Wentzel–Kramers–Brillouin (WKB) approach. It is shown that such discs might be clumpy, and these gravitationally bound clumps may later collapse to become giant planets ('hot Jupiters'). The chief aim in this paper is to underscore a fact of vital importance for application in the planetary formation process: gravitationally unstable non-axisymmetric (spiral) perturbations can effectively transport both the angular momentum and the mass in a spatially inhomogeneous disc.     

梵净山地区板溪群红子溪组钙质岩系中大理岩透镜体成因探讨

梵净山地区板溪群红子溪组钙质岩系中广泛发育大理岩透镜体。形成此岩系的控制因素可能为振荡频繁的构造运动或气候条件。通过仔细观察,发现大理岩透镜体有条带状、似层状断续产出2种,初步认为透镜体是成岩过程中差异性压实作用的产物,不是某种环境沉积的透镜体。     

河套地区一次明显降水环流成因分析

利用常规的气象资料,针对河套地区2009年5月的一次明显降水过程,分别从水汽来源、环境场、环流背景、水汽条件和动力条件方面进行了详细的分析。     

Experimental Study on Hydrocarbon Formation Due to Reactions Between Carbonates and Water or Water—Bearing Minerals in Deep Earth

In order to investigate the mechanism of formation of abiogenetic hydrocarbons at the depth of the Earth,experimental research on reactions between carbonates and water or waterbearing minerals was carried out at the pressure of about 1GPa and the temperature range of 800-1500℃.The reactions took place in an open and nonequilibrium state.Chromatographic analyses of the gas products indicate that in the experiments there were generated CH4-dominated hydrocarbons,along with some CO2 and CO.Accordingly,we think there is no essential distinction between free-state water and hydroxy in the minerals in the process of hydrocarbon formation.This study indicates that reactions between carbonates and water or water-bearing minerals should be an important factor leading to the formation of abiogenetic hydrocarbons at the Earth‘s depth.     

辽河外围西部断陷沉积盆地群油气成藏条件及盆地力学探讨

辽河外围西部发育了一系列晚中生代陆相沉积盆地。它们经历了前裂谷盆地期、同裂谷盆地期、后裂谷盆地期,以及盆地形成后的改造期四个阶段。在裂谷体制作用下,它们形成了相似的断陷构造样式。但基底结构的基异产生了盆地沉积建造与后裂谷阶段的重大差异。盆地盖层的发育主要决定于后者,因此在裂谷型盆地的油气成藏条件及其演化发带与成块特征。     

晋东南山西组主煤层热演化生烃史及热源分析

以晋城矿区山西组主煤层为代表,利用时间-温度指示法、有机质变质程度法、挥发分产率法对该煤层煤化作用历史进行了定量分析,指出其埋藏历史经历了4个发展阶段:(1)P₁-T₃的快速沉降阶段,平均沉降速度达94m/Ma;(2)J₁的逐渐抬升阶段,抬升幅度大于750m;(3)J₂的缓慢沉降阶段,平均沉降速率为10m/Ma;(4)J₃-现代的再次回返阶段。主煤层热演化主要发生在埋藏历史的第1阶段和第4阶段的J₃-K时期,前者为深成变质作用,主要生成湿气且难于保存;后者为异常高热古地温场所致,促使主煤层出现二次生烃作用,为裂解气阶段,主要生成干气,易于保存。最后指出晚中生代异常高温古地温场是由于上地幔顶界面隆起、地壳变薄、岩浆作用加剧、热流值增高所致。而上地幔顶界面的隆起则与幔柱构造中的热幔柱上涌辐射有关。