准噶尔盆地西北缘中拐凸起石炭纪安山岩年代学、地球化学特征及其构造意义

为加深对中亚造山带西段石炭纪构造背景的认识,对准噶尔盆地西北缘中拐凸起金龙10井区石炭纪安山岩岩心样品开展岩相学、年代学和地球化学研究。安山岩的LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年结果显示,其结晶年龄为(322.4±1.1) Ma,属中石炭世。地球化学分析结果表明,研究区安山岩属于低钾-中钾钙碱性岩石系列,其稀土元素配分曲线均略向右倾,具微弱的Eu负异常;微量元素原始地幔标准化蛛网图显示整体相对富集Pb和大离子亲石元素Rb、Ba等,亏损高场强元素Nb、Ta、Zr等,具有消减带弧火山岩的特征。安山岩的Th/La、Th/Ce和Lu/Yb值均低于大陆地壳的平均值,而接近幔源岩浆的比值。研究区安山岩属于正常的岛弧火山岩,源于富水地幔楔,是由俯冲板片脱水产生的流体交代地幔楔发生部分熔融所形成的。结合区域地质背景并对比相近时期岩浆岩,综合认为研究区安山岩形成于大陆弧环境,为西准噶尔残余洋盆俯冲消减作用的产物,且残余洋盆在(322.4±1.1) Ma时还未完全关闭。     

山东邹平青山下亚组玄武安山岩源区性质及成因

本文通过岩石的显微观察、全岩元素地球化学及Sr-Nd-Pb同位素组成等综合研究,参照前人的研究成果,探讨邹平火山岩盆地内青山下亚组玄武安山岩的岩石地球化学性质、物质来源及岩石成因。研究表明,岩石富钠、富镁,具有大离子亲石元素(Rb、Sr、Ba)和轻稀土元素(LREE)富集,高场强元素(Nb、Ta、Ti)相对亏损的地球化学特征。全岩Sr同位素初始比值(87 Sr/86 Sr)i为0.705674~0.705876;全岩Nd同位素初始比值εNd(t)为-10.0~-10.2,Nd同位素二阶段模式年龄T2DM为1.74~1.75Ga;全岩铅同位素初始比值(206Pb/204Pb)i介于16.917~17.095之间,(207Pb/204Pb)i介于15.306~15.396之间,(208Pb/204Pb)i介于36.750~37.208之间;较低的Sr-Nd初始比值及较均一的低放射性铅同位素组成,可能为EMI型富集地幔的部分熔融所致。晚中生代加厚的华北岩石圈发生大规模拆沉作用,拆沉的大陆中下地壳部分熔融形成富硅熔体与古生代岩石圈地幔相互作用形成富集地幔,随后在岩石圈伸展与区域热异常作用下减压部分熔融,形成的玄武安山质岩浆沿着深大构造侵入地壳上部或喷发至地表,形成青山下亚组玄武安山岩,但是岩浆上侵过程中地壳物质混染不强。该研究对深化鲁西地区晚中生代构造-岩浆作用的认识有一定的理论意义。     

济阳坳陷富林洼陷中生界复杂岩性风化壳储集层成岩作用*

风化壳储集层成因及其差异性特征分析是当今储层地质学研究热点。渤海湾盆地济阳坳陷沾化凹陷富林洼陷中生界油气勘探遇到瓶颈,目前探井仅钻揭白垩系顶部风化壳,且风化壳储集层岩性复杂、非均质性极强,明确风化壳储集层成岩改造、储集空间类型和组合关系,对本区乃至济阳坳陷中生界潜山油气勘探至关重要。通过岩心和薄片观察,结合录井、测井等资料,对富林洼陷白垩系西洼组复杂岩性风化壳储集层开展研究。结果表明: 风化壳岩性主要为安山岩和凝灰岩,其次为脉岩、隐爆角砾岩和砂砾岩。由于不同构造单元在复杂埋藏过程中经历了“洼—隆—隆”或“洼—隆—洼”的演化过程,不同岩性储集层的成岩序列和孔隙演化差异明显。火成岩和碎屑岩原生孔隙类型和成因明显不同,但现今储集空间均以次生孔隙特别是溶蚀孔为主,被溶蚀物质包括斑晶、基质以及火山岩屑等。溶蚀作用的主导流体多变,继抬升暴露过程中富含CO₂的大气淡水之后,有机质成熟时排出的有机酸对储集层改善有积极作用。有利风化壳储集层的形成受到岩性、埋藏演化过程和成岩流体的共同控制。整体上,富林洼陷白垩系西洼组储集层质量由好到次的顺序为: 凝灰质砂砾岩,火山角砾岩,含残余气孔安山岩,凝灰岩,次火山岩;不同岩性风化壳储集层在复杂埋藏过程中,经历了不同的成岩改造。     

三叠纪西秦岭西北部洋俯冲的记录:来自镁安山岩/高镁安山岩的证据

三叠纪以来,西秦岭地区构造-岩浆活动极为强烈,中酸性侵入岩呈北西向弧状分布,前人做了大量卓有成效的工作,但对出露较少的火山岩鲜有研究。本次工作选取青海省同仁县麦秀和甘肃省夏河县甘加、德乌鲁3个地区的安山岩,从岩石学、岩石地球化学、年代学等进行分析。结果显示安山岩均属于钙碱性系列,具有富钾火山岩的特征。其中,麦秀安山岩中既有高镁安山岩,也有镁安山岩,而甘加与德乌鲁安山岩属于镁安山岩,为洋壳俯冲作用形成的两种典型火山岩类型。西秦岭地区安山岩形成时间东早西晚,由西向东安山岩基性程度降低,K_2O、Na_2O、∑REE等含量增高,MF、FL、DI、La/Sm等值变大,SI、Mg~#等值降低,并且呈明显的线性特征,构成同仁—合作镁安山岩(镁闪长岩)岩浆弧组合,和北部隆务峡蛇绿岩带一起,组成岩性分布极性,从而判断出西秦岭西北部在三叠纪存在隆务峡蛇绿岩代表的洋壳板块向南俯冲作用。     

Geophysical imaging of buried volcanic structures within a continental back-arc basin: The Central Volcanic Region, North Island, New Zealand

Hidden beneath the ~ 2 km thick low-velocity volcaniclastics on the western margin of the Central Volcanic Region, North Island, New Zealand, are two structures that represent the early history of volcanic activity in a continental back-arc. These ~ 20 × 20 km structures, at Tokoroa and Mangakino, form an adjacent gravity high and low, respectively. Interpretations from seismic refraction arrivals and gravity modelling indicate the − 65 mgal Mangakino residual gravity anomaly can be modelled, in part, by two low-density bodies that reach depths of ~ 6.5 km, whereas the Tokoroa gravity anomaly is due to a higher density rock coming, at most, to within ~ 650 m of the surface. The Mangakino anomaly is interpreted to be due to the remnants of magma chambers that fed large ignimbrite eruptions from about 1.2 Ma. An andesite volcano or complex volcanic structure is the preferred interpretation for the Tokoroa gravity high. The size of the putative volcanic structure is comparable to the presently active Tongariro Volcanic Complex in the centre of North Island.     

东昆仑祁漫塔格寒武纪岛弧:来自拉陵高里河地区玻安岩型高镁安山岩/闪长岩锆石U-Pb年代学、地球化学和Hf同位素证据

祁漫塔格构造带是东昆仑造山带的重要组成部分,在青藏高原北部早古生代汇聚板块边缘地质研究中具有重要意义.祁漫塔格构造带在早古生代通常被认为是弧或弧后盆地,但其早期形成阶段的地质记录尚未报道,初始俯冲的时代也有待进一步限定.本文选择了祁漫塔格东段拉陵高里河地区祁漫塔格群火山岩和闪长岩进行岩石学、地球化学、锆石U-Pb年龄学...     

Magma plumbing system beneath Ontake Volcano, central Japan

Ontake Volcano in central Japan was last active from ~ 100–35 Ka. The eruptions contained rhyodacite pumice and lavas in the first stage (stage O1, > 33 km³), followed by eruptions of andesite lavas and pyroclastics (stages O2 and O3, > 16 km³). Modeling of major and incompatible elements with Sr isotope ratios suggests that the primary magma was a high-alumina basalt. One andesite magma type appears to have evolved from the basalt in a closed system magma chamber, in part by fractional crystallization, and its generation included crustal assimilation. The other andesite magma type is considered to have evolved in an open system magma chamber in which repeated input of primary magma occurred together with wall-rock assimilation and fractional crystallization. The rhyodacite is inferred to have evolved in a closed system magma chamber by fractional crystallization of the second type of andesite. These genetic relationships require that the magma chamber functioned alternately as an open and a closed system. Geobarometry indicates that there may have been multiple magma chambers, located in the upper crust for the rhyodacite, near the upper–lower crust interface for the andesite and in the mid-lower crust for the basalt. These chambers were stacked to form the magma plumbing system of Ontake. Incompatible element compositions of the basalt are considered to have changed during the eruptions, suggesting that two different plumbing systems for stage O1 magma and for stages O2, O3 magmas existed during the 65 Ka of activity. Evolutionary history of the systems implies that the primary magma was introduced into the magma plumbing system each for ~ 17 500 years and that the life span of a magma plumbing system was shorter than 40 Ka.     

湘南宜章地区辉绿岩、花岗斑岩、安山岩的形成时代和成因——锆石U-Pb年龄和Hf同位素组成

湘南宜章县长城岭地区广泛出露以辉绿岩、花岗斑岩为主的燕山早期岩体,而宜章平和地区主要分布安山岩体,其年龄和成因有待进一步研究。分别用SHRIMP和LA-ICP-MS法测试了它们的年龄和Hf同位素组成,长城岭辉绿岩的SHRIMP锆石U-Pb年龄为153.7Ma±3.1Ma、227.0Ma±4.2Ma;长城岭花岗斑岩的LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb测年结果为153Ma±14Ma和231.58Ma±0.67Ma;平和安山岩的SHRIMP锆石U-Pb测年结果为159Ma±14Ma和229.3Ma±7.6Ma,LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb测年结果为161Ma±1Ma,显示为燕山早期岩浆侵位和印支期基性岩浆底侵。锆石Lu-Hf同位素原位分析结果表明,εHf（t）值在正值和负值范围内变化,指示岩浆为壳幔混合来源。结合长城岭花岗岩体中继承锆石的年龄信息,认为花岗质岩石可能来源于中元古代基底的重熔。岩体岩浆很可能是由元古宙火成岩石部分熔融形成的,并伴有年轻或新生幔源物质的加入,岩浆上升侵位的过程中发生了混合作用。     

Geochemical and isotopic characteristics and evolution of the Jurassic volcanic arc between Arica (18°30′S) and Tocopilla (22°S), North Chilean Coastal Cordillera

The present-day North Chilean Coastal Cordillera between 18°30′S and 22°S records an important part of the magmatic evolution of the Central Andes during the Jurassic. Calc-alkaline to subordinate tholeiitic members from four rock groups with biostratigraphically constrained age display incompatible element pattern characteristic of convergent plate-margin volcanism, whereas alkaline basalts of one group occurring in the Precordillera show OIB-type trace element signatures. The correlation of biostratigraphic ages, regional distribution, and composition of the volcanic rocks provides a basis for the discussion on geochemical evolution and isotope ratios.Major and trace element distributions of the volcanic rocks indicate their derivation from mantle-derived melts. LILE and LREE enrichments in calc-alkaline basaltic andesites to dacites and some of the tholeiites hint at the involvement of hydrous fluids during melting and mobile element transport processes. A part of the Early Bajocian to ?Lower Jurassic and Oxfordian andesites and dacites are adakite-like rocks with a substantial participation of slab melt and are characterized by high Sr/Y ratios and low HREE contents. The Middle Jurassic tholeiitic and calc-alkaline basalts and basaltic andesites have been transported and partly stored within a system of deep-seated feeder fissures and crustal strike-slip faults before eruption.The isotopic composition of Sr (⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr_i=0.7032-0.7056) and Nd (εNd_i=2.2-7.1) of the Jurassic volcanic rocks mostly fall in the range characteristic for mantle melts although some crustal components may have been involved. A few samples show slightly more radiogenic Sr isotopic composition, which is probably due to interaction with ancient sea-water. The Pb isotopic composition of the arc rocks is uncoupled from the isotopic composition of Sr and Nd and is dominated by the crustal component. Since the Cretaceous and Modern arc volcanic rocks show Pb isotopic compositions that can be largely explained by in situ Pb isotope growth of Jurassic arc volcanic rocks, we argue that the various Andean arc systems between 18°30′S and 22°S formed on the same type of basement.Most of the investigated samples have high Ba, Zr, and Th concentrations compared to island arc mafic volcanic rocks. About 20% of the Jurassic arc volcanics comprise of dacitic to rhyolitic rocks. These characteristics combined with the Pb isotopic composition that shows the influence of a Palaeozoic (or partly older) basement point to a continental margin setting for the North Chilean Jurassic arc. The distribution of the magmatic rocks throughout time, their textures, and the character of intercalated sedimentary rocks reflect westward movement of the magma sources and of the arc/back-arc boundary relative to the current coast line during the Early Bajocian on a broad front between 19°30′ and 21°S.     

新疆特克斯东南大哈拉军山组玄武安山岩地球化学特征:岩石成因和构造背景探讨

特克斯东南大哈拉军山组玄武安山岩具有钙碱性火山岩的地球化学特征,Nb、Ta等高场强元素强烈亏损,强不相容元素比值明显不同于原始地幔、亏损地幔和富集地幔而倾向于地壳,具有岛弧火山岩的特点,与新源县南及其东部大哈拉军山组火山岩一起指示了西天山在早石炭世-晚石炭世处于汇聚而不是伸展的大地构造背景。与岛弧作用有关的俯冲沉积物的交代作用是其源区受改造的最主要方式,岩浆演化以包括橄榄石、单斜辉石在内的分离结晶作用为主。