宿松杂岩中白云母的矿物学特征及地质意义

大别山为印支期扬子陆块和华北陆块之间的碰撞造山带。太湖—宿松地区位于大别山东段部位,主要由扬子陆块北缘不同变质程度的变质基底和少量浅变质盖层组成。本文选择了宿松杂岩中的白云母进行探针分析以及X射线粉末衍射分析,研究结果表明宿松杂岩中的白云母都是2M₁型且均为多硅白云母。其中,多硅白云母的晶胞参数b₀平均值为9.039,显示宿松杂岩的变质压力为中压—高压。根据宿松杂岩中白云母的显微变形特征可以知道白云母至少存在着两期变形,一期是导致石榴子石压力影形成和白云母右旋的构造作用,应该对应着燕山期大别造山带中-下地壳物质发生平行造山带向东流动的地质事件。另一期是导致白云母形成涡流构造形成的构造作用,这一期构造应该对应扬子板块和华北板块碰撞事件。根据白云母中的Ti温度计和多硅白云母压力计可以得出宿松杂岩的变质条件为T=480 ℃～579 ℃,P=0.7～1.2 GPa,属于绿片岩相到角闪岩相。     

多硅白云母中Fe2+的高压有序效应

21个多硅白云母来自4个低温高压变质带。用电子探针、X射线粉末衍射及穆斯堡尔谱测定其化学成分、b0值及Fe²⁺占位。建立Fe²⁺(M1)/Fe²⁺(M2)对b0值相关图,发现Fe²⁺在八面体晶位有序化并解释其有序机理。     

Very fast exhumation of high-pressure metamorphic rocks with excess Ar and inherited Sr, Betic Cordilleras, southern Spain

In order to attempt to further constrain the age of the early Alpine tectonic evolution of the Mulhacén Complex and to explore the influence of inherited isotopes, micas from a small number of well-characterised rocks from the Sierra de los Filábres, with a penetrative tectonic fabric related to the exhumation of eclogite-facies metamorphic rocks, were selected for ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar and Rb–Sr dating.

A single phengite grain from an amphibolite yielded an ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar laser step heating plateau age of 86.9±1.2 Ma (2σ; 70% ³⁹Ar released) and an inverse isochron age of 86.2±2.4 Ma with an ³⁶Ar/⁴⁰Ar intercept within error of the atmospheric value. Induction furnace step heating of a biotite separate from a gabbro relic in an eclogite yielded a weighted mean age of 173.2±6.3 Ma (2σ; 95% ³⁹Ar released). These ages are diagnostic of excess argon (⁴⁰Ar_XS) incorporation, as they are older than independent age estimates for the timing of eclogite-facies metamorphism and intrusion of the gabbros. ⁴⁰Ar_XS incorporation probably resulted from restricted fluid mobility in the magmatic rocks during their metamorphic recrystallisation.

Rb–Sr whole-rock–phengite ages of graphite-bearing mica schists from Paleozoic rocks (Secano unit) show a dramatic variation (66.1±3.2, 40.6±2.6 and 14.1±2.2 Ma). An albite chlorite mica schist from the Mesozoic series of the Nevado–Lubrín unit has a whole-rock–mica–albite age of 17.2±1.9 Ma, which is within error of an ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar plateau age published previously and of the youngest Rb–Sr age of the Paleozoic series obtained in this study. The significant spread in Rb–Sr ages implies that progressive partial resetting of an older isotopic system has occurred. The microstructure of the samples with pre-Miocene Rb–Sr ages reveals incomplete recrystallisation of white mica and inhibited grain growth due to the presence of graphite particles. This interpretation agrees with previously published, disturbed and slightly dome-shaped ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar age spectra that may point similarly to the presence of an older isotope component. The progressively reset Rb–Sr system is a relic of Variscan metamorphism of the Paleozoic series of the Mulhacén Complex. In contrast, the origin of the ca. 17.2 Ma old sample from the Mesozoic series precludes any isotopic inheritance, in agreement with its pervasive tectono-metamorphic recrystallisation during the Miocene.

Exhumation of the eclogite-facies Mulhacén Complex occurred in two stages with contrasting rates of about 22.5 mm/year during the early phase and 9–10 mm/year during the late phase; the latter with a cooling rate in the order of 330 °C/Ma.     

东准噶尔扎河坝超高压变质成因石英菱镁岩的^40Ar／^39Ar同位素年代学信息及地质意义

在扎河坝-阿尔曼泰蛇绿岩岩块内分布着高压-超高压成因的二辉橄榄岩、石榴辉石岩、石英菱镁岩及榴闪岩。石英菱镁岩内多硅白云母的 Si(pfu)值均大于3.35,最高可达3.77,是典型高压-超高压成因的矿物。石英菱镁岩及其围岩蛇纹石化二辉橄榄岩的 K_2O 含量极低,且多硅白云母的 Na/(Na K)比值小于0.04,这些地球化学特征显示,扎河坝多硅白云母不应含有过剩 Ar,是一个理想的~(40)Ar/~(39)Ar 定年对象。精确的~(40)Ar/~(39)Ar 年代学研究结果表明,扎河坝石英菱镁岩中多硅白云母的~(40)Ar/~(39)Ar 同位素年龄为281.6±2.5Ma。而矿物化学特征表明,扎河坝石英菱镁岩中的多硅白云母曾经历了退变质作用的改造,因此,它代表的应该是超高压变质石英菱镁岩的折返年龄。多硅白云母的~(40)Ar/~(39)Ar 年代学研究结果表明,扎河坝-阿尔曼泰蛇绿混杂岩内超高压石英菱镁岩的折返事件应发生在早二叠世。     

Garnet–omphacite–phengite thermobarometry of eclogites from the coesite-bearing unit of the southern Dora-Maira Massif, Western Alps

Using relevant geothermobarometric methods, P–T-data were collected for the reconstruction of the metamorphic evolution of 34 eclogite samples taken from small lenses and boudins within the ultrahigh-pressure (UHP) metamorphic coesite-bearing Brossasco-Isasca Unit (BIU) of the Dora-Maira Massif. The mineral phases used (clinopyroxene, garnet, phengite), or growth zones thereof, were identified as being coexistent for different stages of metamorphism on the basis of careful petrographic studies. Of several published geothermobarometers, the garnet–clinopyroxene thermometer of Powell [Powell, R., 1985. Regression diagnostics and robust regression in geothermometer/geobarometer calibration: the garnet–clinopyroxene geothermometer revisited. J. Metamorph. Geol., 3, pp. 231–243.] combined with the garnet–clinopyroxene–phengite barometer after Waters and Martin [Waters, D., Martin, H.N., 1993. The garnet–clinopyroxene–phengite barometer. Terra Abstr., 5, pp. 410–411.] was chosen here, because it provided the most reliable results. Nevertheless, the scatter of P–T-data points for the prograde (stage I), peak metamorphic (stage II), and retrograde (stage III) development of the eclogites is still considerable. Among the many possible reasons for this inconsistency discussed, a partial lack of equilibration of some of the eclogites during their metamorphic history should be taken into account. Despite the data scatter, an average P–T-path could be estimated, which includes the following coordinates: for stage I: 15 kbar/500°C; 25 kbar/570°C; 32 kbar/650°C; for stage II: 36 kbar/720°C; and for stage III: 24 kbar/680°C and 14 kbar/620°C. This is in fair agreement with P–T-paths derived earlier for other rock types of the BIU on the basis of other geothermobarometers.     

高压—超高压岩石对合肥盆地侏罗系沉积的贡献

合肥盆地侏罗系沉积包括防虎山组、三尖铺组、周公山组和凤凰台组。上述地层中砂岩普遍产出碎屑白云母，而且几乎都为多硅白云母，Si原子数多从3．3至3．6（p.f.u），表明大别造山带高压－超高压变质岩石是合肥盆地沉积的重要物源。由於防虎山组地层沉积於早侏罗世，该地层中碎屑多硅白云母的新发现表明大别造山带高压－超高压岩石在早侏罗世时期已经出露地表。     

Thermal expansion and dehydroxylation of phengite micas

Phengite samples (2M ₁ and 3T politypes) and a synthetic end-member muscovite specimen were studied by in situ high-temperature synchrotron radiation X-ray diffraction. The measured volume thermal expansion of 2M ₁ phengite (<α _V> ≈ 36.6 × 10⁻⁶ K⁻¹) was systematically greater than <α _V> of the 3T polytype (≈33.3 × 10⁻⁶ K⁻¹). A positive linear correlation between the average thermal expansion on (001) plane and the mean tetrahedral rotation angle at ambient condition is proposed on the ground of new measurements and literature data. Dehydroxylation processes were observed in 2M ₁, starting at 1,000 K in 3T at 800 and 945 K in synthetic muscovite. Rietveld refinements allowed a determination of structural variations upon heating of phengite samples and their dehydroxylate phases. The phengite structure expands by regularizing the tetrahedral sheet and by reducing the bond length differences between the outer and inner coordination shell of the interlayer site. The dehydroxylate phase derived from 2M ₁ is characterized by fivefold polyhedra in the low temperature form as a consequence of two OH groups reacting to form H₂O + O (residual). The dehydroxylate exhibits an increase of the cation–cation distances along the M–Or–M bonds with respect to low-temperature phengite structures. For the 3T phase, we were unable to achieve completion of dehydroxylation. The refined structural model of the dehydroxylate phase shows two hydroxyl sites, but at a short distance from one another. This result suggests that the dehydroxylation reaction did not proceed to completion. Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.