煤田采区高分辨三维地震勘探激发参数的优选

三维地震勘探取得可靠数据的前提是获得最佳的的激发参数,即激发井深和激发药量。双井微测井是一种行之有效的确定激发参数的方法。以某区25m双井微测井为例,介绍了通过不同激发井深的接收排列图及频谱分析图确定潜水面位置及最佳激发深度的方法;在确定的最佳激发层位上进行不同药量试验,结合目的层有效波时窗频谱图,综合考虑有效信号、地震子波频谱及信噪比等因素选择最佳激发药量。通过双井微测井工作,最终确定潜水面位置为6m,最佳激发深度为11m,激发药量为2kg。     

Structural controls on Quaternary deepwater sedimentation, mud diapirism, and hydrocarbon distribution within the actively evolving Columbus foreland basin, eastern offshore Trinidad

Eastward migration of the Caribbean plate relative to the South American plate has caused lithospheric loading along the northern margin of South America, which is recorded by an 1100-km-long foreland basin which is oldest in the west (Maracaibo basin, 65-55 Ma) and youngest in the east (Columbus basin, eastern offshore Trinidad, 15-0 Ma). The Orinoco River has been the primary source of sediment for the basin since early Miocene. We have integrated approximately 775 km of deep-penetration 2D seismic lines acquired in the area of eastern offshore Trinidad as part of the 2004 “Broadband Ocean-Land Investigations of Venezuela and the Antilles arc Region” (BOLIVAR) project, 8000 km² of shallow industry 3D seismic data, and published industry well data from offshore eastern Trinidad. Active mud diapirism in the Columbus basin is widespread and is related to overthrusting and tectono-sedimentary loading of upper Miocene-lower Pliocene age mud. Analysis of the shallow 3D seismic data reveals the presence of extensive gravity-flow depositional elements on the Columbus basin slope and the deepwater area. These stacked gravity-flow deposits are characterized by mass-transport deposits at the base, turbidite frontal-splay deposits, leveed-channel deposits, and capped by fine-grained condensed-section deposits. Exploration targets in the deepwater area are located towards the center of the Columbus basin, where northeast-trending fault-propagation folds are important Plio-Pleistocene trap-forming elements. Deep basin wells drilled in recent years have proven that turbidites were transported into the deepwater Columbus basin during the Plio-Pleistocene. Analysis of these well results suggests that a deeper oil charge is present within the deepwater Columbus basin area. The primary uncertainty for this variable hydrocarbon system is whether fault or diapiric pathways connect or divert the petroleum charge at depth with shallower reservoir rocks.     

海图自动综合中二维平面图形知识的获取

为了保持综合过程的真实性,应当把更多的注意力放在数据的特性上,通过对海图中常见的点、线、面的二维平面图形知识进行分析,可以在电子海图的自动综合过程中,把要素自身的图形特征和地理特征在图形简化时同时考虑,并保持综合过程的真实性.     

地理信息网络服务的发展研究

随着体系结构、软件层次和自身需求的变化,GIS逐步发展为地理信息网络服务并得到迅速的推广.从标准化、语义化和3维化的角度总结了当前地理信息服务的发展状态,并指出下一代地理信息网络服务必然是基于以上三者的能够实现主动服务和统一多维服务的新一代地理信息服务.     

基于GIS的自适应三维古海面-地面演变模型研究

本文设计了基于GIS的具有"自适应"功能的三维古海面-地面演变模型.该模型可以动态演绎沿海地区"沧海桑田"的变化景象,并且可以运用历史资料及专家知识,对海面-地面变化模拟结果进行检验,根据检验结果来对模型的一系列控制参数进行自动半自动的修订,然后重新进行海面-地面演变的动态模拟,直到更趋近于真实的历史演变过程,从而实现...     

Deep 3D structure of the Sydney Basin using gravity modelling

A detailed deep 3D geological model is an important basis for many types of exploration and resource modelling. Renewed interest in the structure of the Sydney Basin, driven primarily by sequestration studies, geothermal studies and coal seam gas exploration, has highlighted the need for a model of deep basin geology, structure and thermal state. Here, we combine gravity modelling, seismic reflection surveys, borehole drilling results and other relevant information to develop a deep 3D geological model of the Sydney Basin. The structure of the Sydney Basin is characteristic of a typical intracontinental rift basin, with a deep north–south orientated channel in the Lachlan Fold Belt basement, filled with up to 4 km of rift volcanics, and overlain with Permo-Triassic sediments up to 4 km thick. The deep regional architecture presented in this study will form the framework for more detailed geological, hydrological and geothermal models.     

基于剖面三维地质建模方法及在本溪地区应用

针对成矿带三维地质建模面临的实际问题,以GOCAD软件作为三维建模工具,阐述了基于剖面的三维地质建模流程与方法.为了充分揭示本溪地区深部地质情况及隐伏铁矿的发育情况,采用基于剖面的三维地质建模方法构建了本溪地区907km2的三维地质模型,获取了本溪地区地下三维地质结构,显示出该地区盖层发育宽缓褶皱,断裂切割作用强烈,基底最大埋深可达4200 m,在变质基底埋深较浅的地区,具有很大的铁矿资源勘探潜力.实际应用情况表明,基于剖面的三维地质建模方法符合地质研究从二维到三维的工作流程和思维习惯,是一种有效的成矿带三维建模方法.     

Fundamental aspects of prolonged electrokinetic flows in kaolinites

Electrokinetic flows include the migration of fluid, chemicals, fine particles, bacteria, and electrons through a soil–fluid–chemical system driven by an externally applied direct-current (d.c.) electric field. The promising potential of electrokinetic remediation of contaminated fine-grained soils has stimulated recent interest in the study of electrokinetic flow processes, in particular the impact of a prolonged application of a d.c. electric field on fine-grained soils. The results of a bench-scale laboratory experimental investigation on some of the fundamental aspects of prolonged electrokinetic flows in kaolinites, including gas generation rates at power electrodes, electrochemical behaviour of the soil–fluid–chemical system, time variation of electric current intensity flowing through the soil, pH gradient development in the soil, effects of reservoir chemistry on electro-osmotic fluid volume flow rate and flow direction through the soil, time variation of electro-osmotic volume flow rate, and energy requirements per unit volume of fluid transported, are presented in this paper. Effects of soil type and pore fluid chemistry on these aspects were also studied.     

煤层工作面内陷落柱综合物探探查

煤层工作面内陷落柱与煤层之间具有显著的电阻率、波速和密度差异,适宜于采用无线电波透视法和震波透视CT法来探测煤层工作面内陷落柱的边界范围;陷落柱体通常裂隙发育,与围岩相比较,其富水陷落柱为相对低电阻率值范围,而不富水陷落柱则为相对高电阻率值范围,因此,可利用煤层底板三维电法来探查底板陷落柱富水性。谢桥矿13218工作面1^#陷落柱的探测表明,该陷落柱范围具有较高的电磁波吸收系数特征和相对较高的纵波波速特征;工作面底板陷落柱向下范围为相对高电阻率值特征,为不富水陷落柱。该综合物探探测结果与实际验证资料基本吻合,有效地指导了本煤层工作面开采及底板煤层工作面的开采设计与施工。     

临汾区块地应力三维数值模拟研究

在地质构造分析和岩石力学性质测试的基础上,进行了临汾区块的地应力有限元三维数值模拟研究,探讨了地应力在区域和层域上的分布规律及其对区内煤层气成藏的影响。研究表明,应力强度总体上随深度递增,断层对应力强度分布具有明显的影响;断层附近应力强度的最大值分布在断层与断层的交叉点、断层与底部硬质岩层界面附近,应力性质在断层夹块内和支断层一侧发生转变出现拉应力区,断层与地表的交点附近也呈现局部拉应力区;煤层软弱带呈现应力降低。研究区的地应力分布特征有利于煤层气从深部向浅部运移,并在背斜轴部相对富集。