下扬子区海相中、古生界地质结构分区及其油气勘探选区意义

基于对下扬子区海相中、古生界构造及沉积沉降特征的研究, 以影响和反映构造稳定及晚期生烃的基底性质、构造变形特征、印支面埋深、沉积沉降中心迁移特征等为依据, 将下扬子区划分为5个一级、17个二级地质结构区。以构造稳定、有效保存及晚期生烃、晚期成藏等为评价标准, 综合评价南黄海中部晚期隆起稳定区(Ⅰ₂)、江都-东台-南黄海南部晚期沉降深冲断区(Ⅰ₃)、泰兴-海安晚期沉降深冲断区(Ⅱ₁)、南通-南黄海南部晚期沉降浅推覆区(Ⅱ₂)及太湖晚期沉降浅推覆区(Ⅱ₄)为下古生界油气勘探有利区; 南黄海北部晚期沉降深冲断区(Ⅰ₁)、江都-东台-南黄海南部晚期沉降深冲断区(Ⅰ₃)、滨海-大丰晚期沉降深下古卷入区(Ⅰ₄)和泰兴-海安晚期沉降深冲断区(Ⅱ₁)为上古生界油气勘探有利区; 南黄海北部晚期沉降深冲断区(Ⅰ₁)、滨海-大丰晚期沉降深下古卷入区(Ⅰ₄)、金湖-高邮晚期沉降深下古卷入区(Ⅰ₅)及泰兴-海安晚期沉降深冲断区(Ⅱ₁)为古潜山油气勘探有利区。研究对于该区海相中古生界勘探选区具有重要意义。      

波斯湾盆地的叠合演化与油气资源分布

波斯湾盆地是世界著名的富油气盆地,同时也是受多期构造演化控制的叠合盆地,通过地质与地球物理资料分析,认为盆地经历了前寒武纪-石炭纪陆内断陷盆地沉积与反转、二叠纪-中白垩世新特提斯被动陆缘盆地沉积和晚白垩世-新生代前陆盆地沉积演化3大演化阶段。断陷盆地演化阶段受近南北向陡直断裂控制,以碎屑岩和膏盐岩和碳酸盐岩建造为特征,碎屑岩在该阶段最为发育。被动陆缘盆地演化和前陆盆地演化阶段以碳酸盐岩和膏盐岩建造为主要特征。盆地叠合演化形成了前寒武系-下寒武统、志留系、侏罗系以及中下白垩统等多套富含有机质的烃源岩,与盆地内叠合联片发育的前寒武系-下寒武统、上二叠统、下三叠统、上侏罗统和中新统等多套膏盐岩构成了盆地内最佳的源盖组合,成为盆地油气富集的基础。每套优质的盖层之下都发育了一套优质的储层,并与构造作用形成的圈闭形成了盆地良好的储-圈组合,成为油气富集的必要条件。勘探成果显示,盆地西北部以断褶构造圈闭为主要特征,东北部以盐构造和断褶构造圈闭为特征,前陆斜坡区则以大型古隆起控制的圈闭为特征,盆地油气具有自山前带向斜坡区,含油气层位逐渐变老的特征。因此,对盆地的油气勘探,在不同的地区要区别对待。     

辽宁石油资源消耗变化及影响因子模拟分析

以辽宁原油消耗为研究对象,综合运用EKC曲线模型和IPAT模型对辽宁石油资源消耗变化及影响因子进行了模拟分析。结果表明:辽宁处于石油资源消耗的高增长阶段,其极大程度是受经济发展所驱动的。科学技术进步对石油资源消耗有一定程度上的减缓作用,而人口的平稳增长对石油资源退化没有明显的影响;一段时期内,辽宁石油资源消耗还将呈现增长趋势。将2种模型模拟分析方法综合使用,可找出能源可持续性变化的科学依据,为经济发展和环境管理决策提供参考。     

Generation and hydrocarbon entrapment within Gondwanan sediments of the Mandapeta area, Krishna-Godavari Basin, India

The discovery of hydrocarbons (mainly gas) in commercial quantities from Gondwanan sediments in the Mandapeta field of Krishna-Godavari Basin, India, provided impetus for intensified exploration in Mandapeta and the adjoining Kommugudem, Draksharama and Endamuru fields. Both oil and gas have been found in the reservoirs of Mandapeta (Triassic) and Golapalli (Early Cretaceous) formations. Mature, localised, basal shales (1.0–1.1% Ro) in the Mandapeta formation have sourced the oils from the Mandapeta Sandstone reservoir (Triassic). The oils being produced from Golapalli Sandstone reservoir (Early Cretaceous) are relatively less mature and have been sourced by the underlying shales in the Mandapeta Formation at a maturity level of 0.80–0.85% Ro. The source and maturity data preclude liquid hydrocarbon sourcing from the Kommugudem (Permian) sequence. Permian coals and shales of the Kommugudem Formation are the major source rocks for gaseous hydrocarbons in this area. The hydrocarbon generation started in Early Cretaceous in the Kommugudem Formation, but the intermittent tectonic activity (with associated structural developments) has resulted in reorientation and redistribution of the then existing trap configurations. The present day maturity level of the Permian sediments in the Mandapeta field is 1.2% Ro or greater, capable of generating gas dominantly. The Raghavapuram shale in the Mandapeta area is adequately mature and has good hydrocarbon potential for oil generation. The probability of finding hydrocarbon reserves in the sands of Raghavapuram shales and other suitable traps is high. Modern seismic information together with geologic models can give new exploration leads.     

石油勘探开发综合技术的应用—以苏北油田沙埝块断为例

从沙埝油田地质条件和地面条件的复杂性出发,在该油田产能建设中针对性地应用了石油勘探开发综合技术。重点介绍了三维地震处理解释一体化技术、储层横向预测技术、油藏工程研究技术的应用及取得良好的效果和显著经济效益的情况。说明多学科相互渗透的综合技术是油田发展的重要途径。     

海洋动物体石油烃污染评价标准参考值的探讨

目前,国内外尚无颁布任何海洋生物石油污染评价标准,为了满足海洋生物石油污染评价的需要,本文采用综合分析与毒理学分析相结合的方法,探讨和提出了海洋动物石油污染评价标准参考值,海洋鱼类、贝类和甲壳类的石油污染评价标准参考值（干重）分别为１５、７０ 和２５ ｍ ｇ／ｋｇ。     

Geodynamic Information in Peridotite Petrology

Systematic differences are observed in the petrology and majorelement geochemistry of natural peridotite samples from thesea floor near oceanic ridges and subduction zones, the mantlesection of ophiolites, massif peridotites, and xenoliths ofcratonic mantle in kimberlite. Some of these differences reflectvariable temperature and pressure conditions of melt extraction,and these have been calibrated by a parameterization of experimentaldata on fertile mantle peridotite. Abyssal peridotites are examplesof cold residues produced at oceanic ridges. High-MgO peridotitesfrom the Ronda massif are examples of hot residues producedin a plume. Most peridotites from subduction zones and ophiolitesare too enriched in SiO₂ and too depleted in Al₂O₃ to be residues,and were produced by melt–rock reaction of a precursorprotolith. Peridotite xenoliths from the Japan, Cascades andChile–Patagonian back-arcs are possible examples of arcprecursors, and they have the characteristics of hot residues.Opx-rich cratonic mantle is similar to subduction zone peridotites,but there are important differences in FeO_T. Opx-poor xenolithsof cratonic mantle were hot residues of primary magmas with16–20% MgO, and they may have formed in either ancientplumes or hot ridges. Cratonic mantle was not produced as aresidue of Archean komatiites. KEY WORDS: peridotite; residues; fractional melting; abyssal; cratonic mantle; subduction zone; ophiolite; potential temperature; plumes; hot ridges     

海相沉积是中国21世油气勘探新的主战场

根据两次资源评价结果的分析和对比,认为值得对古生界进行大规模油气勘探。分析了中国海相油气勘探滞后的原因是地史发展的顺序为先海后陆和海相沉积深度比陆相的大。归纳阐述了适用于海相沉积与陆相沉积的10条基本石油地质认识,指出了我国海相沉积深度大、年代老、生油争议多、气比油多、遭破坏多等特点,建议开展区域地质、碳酸盐岩生油、古隆起带、逆掩断层带、盐下油气、碳酸盐岩储集性、油藏破坏与保存的关系、新技术与新方法等8个方面的研究。     

黔中隆起及其周缘地区“下组合”油气地质特征

黔中隆起及其周缘地区包括滇黔北部坳陷、黔中隆起、滇东隆起、黔西南坳陷、黔南坳陷和武陵坳陷等六个一级构造单元。“下组合”包括震旦系、寒武系、奥陶系和志留系,具有丰富的油气资源和较好的油气成藏条件。两套区域性海相烃源岩,包括下寒武统牛蹄塘组碳质页岩和上奥陶统五峰组—下志留统龙马溪组石灰岩和碳质页岩,Ro值普遍在2%以上,主体处于高成熟晚期—过成熟早期。上震旦统陡山沱组发育地区性黑色页岩和碳质灰岩等烃源岩。主力储层包括上震旦统灯影组、中—上寒武统、下奥陶统桐梓组—红花园组及下志留统石牛栏组。区域盖层发育于下寒武统下部和下志留统下部,皆以泥质岩为主。各区块海相“下组合”纵向生储盖组合发育情况有所差异,黔中隆起区和黔南坳陷有两套组合,滇黔北部坳陷则有四套组合。以下寒武统牛蹄塘组为烃源岩、上震旦统灯影组白云岩为储层、下寒武统泥岩为盖层的生储盖组合,是黔中隆起及其周缘地区“下组合”勘探的主要目的层系。     

黑龙江北部孙吴-嘉荫盆地构造特征、演化及石油地质条件

重力解释孙吴-嘉荫盆地基底埋深一般在0.1～2.5 km,基底形态具有北东走向的“三断两隆”的构造特征,自西向东称孙吴断陷、茅栏河隆起、沾河断陷、富饶隆起和嘉荫断陷.地震解释基底深度一般在0.1～6.3 km,并据之进一步划分了断陷的次级构造单元.孙吴-嘉荫盆地的形成和演化与南部的松辽盆地颇为相似,大致经历了前裂陷、断陷、坳陷和萎缩4个阶段.下白垩统淘淇河组、上白垩统永安村组和太平林场组埋藏较深,厚度较大,烃源岩达到成熟阶段,储层发育,物性较好,为油气勘探的主要目的层.对沾河断陷和嘉荫断陷油气勘探有利区做了进一步预测,确定乌拉嘎凹陷是嘉荫断陷最有利的勘探区,确定沾河向斜是沾河断陷最有利的勘探区.