Hydrodynamics and petroleum migration in the Upper Ordovician Red River Formation of the Williston Basin

Simulations of petroleum migration within the Red River petroleum system of the Williston Basin show that petroleum generation and secondary migration preceded the onset of an active hydrodynamic regime that persists to the present day. Furthermore: (1) a better understanding of the eastern limit of the mature source rock area, which is largely facies controlled, is required to reduce exploration risk east of the Nesson Anticline, (2) the Red River play types that have been prosperous in southeastern Saskatchewan should extend considerable distances to the north, as well as throughout central Saskatchewan and western Manitoba, Canada, and (3) accumulations that may have developed in the southwest of the basin have likely been flushed and redistributed subsequent to the onset of hydrodynamics.     

电缆地层测试器在渗透率各向异性地层中的响应

为正确地设计仪器和解释电缆地层测试器的测量结果,文中建立了渗透率各向异性地层中电缆地层测试器响应的数学模型,并利用三维有限元方法得到其数值,解得到了压力场随时间、距离变化及等压面等的各种结果。     

油气成藏系统划分方法及其应用

在深入研究油气藏系统理论和油气势能理论的基础上，利用油气势能在剖面上的极值点和储集层中油气势能等值线的分隔槽，确定油气成藏的上边界和四周边界，建立了一套油气成藏系统的划分方法，并将其应用于松辽盆地大太长垣以地区扶余油层的油气成藏系统的划分中，其结果较客观地反映了该区扶余油层油气聚集规律，充分证明了此方法的实用性。     

油气幕式成藏及其驱动机制和识别标志

连续稳态流动和周期性(幕式)瞬态流动是沉积盆地流体的 2种流动方式。幕式流体流动是压力和应力的作用引起地层周期性破裂或断裂、先存裂隙周期性开启的结果。幕式成藏是沉积盆地中油气与地层水组成的混相、不连续流体的多期次充注/聚集过程,超压顶界面附近、底辟和深断裂附近是幕式成藏的有利场所。与油气稳态连续聚集过程相比,幕式成藏更快,大 中型油气田可在较短的时间内形成,根据传统模式难以成藏的年轻圈闭可成为有效的勘探目标。幕式流体流动的主要特征是流体成份和流动过程的不连续性、流体流动过程中温度、压力的快速变化及流体流动的多期性和周期性。流体的时空非均质性、流体流动的瞬态温度响应和运移相态分异及其揭示的多期流体相互作用是幕式成藏的有效识别标志。     

南海北部边缘盆地油气勘探现状与深水油气资源前景

自20世纪60年代初开展浅海油气苗调查及浅井钻探以来,南海北部边缘盆地迄今在陆架浅水区已勘探发现多个油气田,建成了一定储量规模的油气产能,基本构成了南海北部油气富集区的格[JP2]局。然而,如何保持油气可持续发展,尽快寻找油气储量接替的新领域,这是该区油气勘探所面临的关键问题。南海北部陆坡深水区与世界深水盆地一样,颇具油气资源潜力和勘探前景,近期LW311深水探井钻探的新发现表明,其应是该区油气资源接替非常现实的战略选区和勘探靶区。     

Generation characteristics of Mesozoic syn- and post-rift source rocks,Bonaparte Basin,Australia: New insights from compositional kinetic modelling

Potential source rocks on the Laminaria High, a region of the northern Bonaparte Basin on the North West Shelf of Australia, occur within the Middle Jurassic to Lower Cretaceous early to post-rift sequences. Twenty-two representative immature source rock samples from the Jurassic to Lower Cretaceous (Plover, Laminaria, Frigate, Flamingo and Echuca Shoals) sequences were analysed to define the hydrocarbon products that analogous mature source rocks could have generated during thermal maturation and filled the petroleum reservoirs in the Laminaria High region. Rock-Eval pyrolysis data indicate that all the source rocks contain type II–III organic matter and vary in organic richness and quality. Open system pyrolysis-gas chromatography on extracted rock samples show a dominance of aliphatic components in the pyrolysates. The Plover source rocks are the exception which exhibit high phenolic contents due to their predominant land-plant contribution. Most of the kerogens have the potential to generate Paraffinic–Naphthenic–Aromatic oils with low wax contents. Bulk kinetic analyses reveal a relatively broad distribution of activation energies that are directly related to the heterogeneity in the kerogens. These kinetic parameters suggest different degrees of thermal stability, with the predicted commencement of petroleum generation under geological heating conditions covering a relatively broad temperature range from 95 to 135 °C for the Upper Jurassic−Lower Cretaceous source rocks. Both shales and coals of the Middle Jurassic Plover Formation have the potential to generate oil at relatively higher temperatures (140–145 °C) than those measured for crude oils in previous studies. Hence, the Frigate and the Flamingo formations are the main potential sources of oils reservoired in the Laminaria and Corallina fields. Apart from being a reservoir, the Laminaria Formation also contains organic-rich layers, with the potential to generate oil. For the majority of samples analysed, the compositional kinetic model predictions indicate that 80% of the hydrocarbons were generated as oil and 20% as gas. The exception is the Lower Cretaceous Echuca Shoals Formation which shows the potential to generate a greater proportion (40%) of gas despite its marine source affinity, due to inertinite dominating the maceral assemblage.     

Toxicity data for modeling impacts of oil components in an Arctic ecosystem

Ecological impact assessment modeling systems are valuable support tools for managing impacts from commercial activities on marine habitats and species. The inclusion of toxic effects modeling in these systems is predicated on the availability and quality of ecotoxicology data. Here we report on a data gathering exercise to obtain toxic effects data on oil compounds for a selection of cold-water marine species of fish and plankton associated with the Barents Sea ecosystem. Effects data were collated from historical and contemporary literature resources for the endpoints mortality, development, growth, bioaccumulation and reproduction. Evaluating the utility and applicability of these data for modeling, we find that data coverage is limited to a sub-set of the required endpoints. There is a need for new experimental studies for zooplankton focused on the endpoints development and bioaccumulation and for larvae and juvenile fish focused on growth and development.     

石油遥感二十年

石油遥感是遥感技术应用领域的一个重要分支。本文着重回顾了20a 来我国的石油遥感从无到有,从小到大所经历的艰苦创业、壮大辉煌和稳步发展的成长过程及取得的巨大成就,论述了遥感技术在石油勘探、石油工程建设、环境监测等方面的成功应用,并对石油遥感技术的应用前景进行了展望。     

Climate policy and dynamic efficiency gains A case study on Norwegian CO2-taxes and technological innovation in the petroleum sector

Abstract

Against increasing scientific evidence of human-induced global warming, and prevailing uncertainties regarding the fate of the Kyoto Protocol, the use of environmental taxes has been gaining increasing popularity in the OECD region. Economists often conjecture that such instruments provide a continuous incentive for technological innovation, which is likely to be a key determinant for success or failure in climate policy, at least in the long turn. However, there is little empirical evidence available to justify claims of that kind. The objective of this paper is to provide such evidence, by assessing the impacts of Norwegian CO₂-taxes, the key instrument in Norway's climate policy, on technological innovation in upstream petroleum operations. The balance of evidence suggests that the introduction of CO₂-taxes has provided some incentive for innovation that has shifted petroleum operations in a less emission-intensive direction. That said, the pattern of technological change pertains mostly to incremental process innovations, cumulative improvements, and adaptations of technologies already available. These insights may assist policymakers when formulating policy strategies and selecting instruments for climate change mitigation.     

从含油气系统到成藏油气系统——油气系统研究新动向

针对不同研究重点,油气系统理论的形成经历了三个重要发展阶段：含油气系统阶段、复合含油气系统阶段和成藏油气系统阶段。这个发展过程是一个从简单到复杂、从“源控”到“藏控”的发展过程,也是一个指导油气勘探从粗放到精确的认识过程。以油气藏为研究中心、侧重于油气运移和成藏的成藏油气系统的提出使我们对油气藏的刻画更为精确、定位更为准确,并为油气勘探走向精确勘探奠定了一个重要的思想基础。油气系统概念是油气地质研究中的一种系统化的思想,它的最大意义在于告诉我们怎样用系统化的思想研究复杂的油气成藏问题。