油气形成的力化学作用--油气地质理论思考之一

传统油气地质学认为构造作用主要控制含油气盆地的沉积和油气的运移聚集,而烃类形成演化的能量主要是热能。近年来,越来越多的地质和地球化学资料显示,构造活动对有机质直接成烃的力化学作用在成烃过程中举足轻重,从而引起高度重视。在地质和地球化学资料基础上,结合高分子力化学分析,阐述了力化学作用的基本特点,沉积盆地中应力分布、成烃力化学作用方式、反应类型、影响因素和实验证据以及力化学作用与油气分布,以推进油气     

用储层岩石抽提物的饱和烃色谱指纹识别油气层

利用储层岩石抽提物的饱和烃色 质总离子图的指纹特征判识储层的流体（油、气）类型。油层或油饱和的储层,饱和烃色 质总离子流图的特征是正构烷烃碳数分布宽,碳数分布在C₁₅～C₃₈之间,与原油样品的正构烷烃碳数分布相似;凝析气层的正构烷烃碳数分布略窄一些,碳数分布在C₁₅～C₃₅之间,低碳数（小于C₂₁）的正构烷烃相对于油层富集,高碳数（大于C₂₁）的正构烷烃丰度明显低于油层;干气层的正构烷烃碳数分布最窄,碳数分布在C₁₅～ C₂₈之间,只有低碳数的正构烷烃,高碳数的正构烷烃丰度极低。据此可用来识别油层、凝析气层和干气层,也可用于一些测井资料不全或测井质量差的老井的油气层复查、测井难以识别的火成岩油气层的识别,还可用于地层评价,为油气酸化层位的优选提供科学依据。     

轻量砂变形及强度特性三轴试验研究

通过三轴试验系统研究了新型土工材料--轻量砂的变形及强度特性。结果表明,不同的配比、龄期使轻量砂具有不同的原生结构强度,围压使不同原生结构强度的土样处于剪胀或剪缩状态,导致发生应变硬化、应变软化以及相应状态下孔压的3种对应形态变化。变形模量随EPS（发泡聚苯乙烯）球粒掺入比的增大而线性减小,随水泥掺入比、龄期增大而线性增大,相同配比的土样变形模量与围压关系不大;三轴抗压强度随EPS球粒掺入比增大而呈负指数关系减小,随水泥掺入比、龄期、围压增大而线性增大,存在水泥掺入比阀值;土骨架转换效应对于土样强度的影响很大,造成了土体单轴、三轴抗压强度分带,高水泥掺入比能够大大弱化EPS颗粒的土骨架效应。结合前人成果,系统地研究了轻量砂密度、无侧限抗压强度的影响因素,引入材料学中比强的概念,提出了单价比强图结合配方公式的方法,对轻量土砂进行配方优化。分析了轻量土砂应力-应变关系转型问题,提出采用无侧限抗压强度来表征不同配比、龄期轻量土砂的原生结构强度。通过试验与数理统计,建立临界围压与原生结构强度的关系,为数值模拟计算与建立本构模型奠定了基础。     

Research Advances and Exploration Significance of Large-area Accumulation of Low and Medium Abundance Lithologic Reservoirs

In recent years, a series of large low and medium abundance oil and gas fields are discovered through exploration activities onshore China, which are commonly characterized by low porosity-permeability reservoirs, low oil/gas column height, multiple thin hydrocarbon layers, and distribution in overlapping and connection, and so on. The advantageous conditions for large-area accumulation of low-medium abundance hydrocarbon reservoirs include： （1） large （fan） delta sandbodies are developed in the hinterland of large flow-uncontrolled lake basins and they are alternated with source rocks extensively in a structure like ＂sandwiches＂; （2） effective hydrocarbon source kitchens are extensively distributed, offering maximum contact chances with various sandbodies and hydrocarbon source rocks; （3） oil and gas columns are low in height, hydrocarbon layers are mainly of normal-low pressure, and requirements for seal rock are low; （4） reservoirs have strong inheterogeneity and gas reservoirs are badly connected; （5） the hydrocarbon desorption and expulsion under uplifting and unloading environments cause widely distributed hydrocarbon source rocks of coal measures to form large-area reservoirs; （6） deep basin areas and synclinal areas possess reservoir-forming dynamics. The areas with great exploration potential include the Paleozoic and Mesozoic in the Ordos Basin, the Xujiahe Formation in Dachuanzhong in the Sichuan basin, deep basin areas in the Songliao basin etc. The core techniques of improving exploration efficiency consist of the sweetspot prediction technique that focuses on fine characterization of reservoirs, the hydrocarbon layer protecting and high-speed drilling technique, and the rework technique for enhancing productivity.     

Numerical simulation of migration–accumulation of oil resources

Numerical simulation of oil migration and accumulation is to describe the history of oil migration and accumulation in basin evolution. It is of great value to the evaluation of oil resources and to the determination of the location and amount of oil deposits. This thesis discusses the characteristics of petroleum geology and permeation fluid mechanics. For the three-dimensional problems of Dongying hollow of Shengli Petroleum Oil Field, it puts forward a new model and a kind of modified method of upwind finite difference fractional steps implicit interactive scheme. For the famous hydraulic experiment of secondary migration–accumulation, the numerical simulation test has been done, and both the computational and experimental results are basically identical. For the actual problem of Dongying hollow, the numerical simulation test and the actual conditions are basically coincident. Thus, the well-known problem has been solved.     

南海海域新生代沉积盆地构造演化的动力学特征及其油气资源

通过对构造环境、地球物理场特征、盆地生储盖层发育等方面对比研究, 讨论南海南北部沉积盆地的油气资源分布特征, 为在南海进行油气勘查指明方向.目前油气勘探实践证明, 南海南部的油气资源比北部丰富, 究其原因, 南海北部为被动大陆边缘, 张性沉积盆地的烃源岩体积较小, 而南部挤压环境下形成的沉积盆地的烃源岩体积大; 北部的地热流较南部小, 因此地温梯度也较小, 如北部陆架上的珠江口盆地的热流值在5 3~ 87mW /m2之间, 平均6 7mW /m2, 而南海南部大曾母盆地平均热流值达97mW /m2, 最大值达130mW /m2, 故南部边缘烃源岩的成熟度比北部高; 由于南部边缘处于挤压构造环境, 因此在沉积盆地中形成了许多挤压构造, 而北部边缘一直处于张性构造环境, 形成的构造较少且较小; 同时, 南部边缘沉积盆地中, 烃源岩生烃与构造形成在时间上搭配较好.因此, 在南海南部边缘沉积盆地中形成了许多大型油气田, 而南海北部边缘沉积盆地中, 大型油气田较少, 中小型油气田较多.这就是为什么南海南部边缘的油气资源比北部丰富的地质原因.      

松辽盆地北部中浅层含油饱和度和孔隙度的关系与油气侵位对成岩作用的抑制

为了研究油气侵位对松辽盆地中浅层成岩作用和孔隙度衰减的抑制作用,本文系统的统计和分析了该盆地大量的孔隙度和含油饱和度岩芯分析数据。结果表明,所有探井储层的孔隙度与含油饱和度之间均呈正相关关系,储层含油饱和度越高,孔隙度越大,而且中部含油组合中萨尔图油层、葡萄花油层和高台子油层二者的相关性好于下部含油组合中扶余油层和杨大城子油层的相关性。由此可见,油气注入储层之后,可以有效地抑制储层的成岩作用,保护孔隙,而且油气注入越早,越有利于孔隙的保护。     

桂北376铀矿床烃气地球化学研究

烃气测量法在锡、金、铜、铅锌等金属矿床找矿中得到了广泛应用,而该技术在花岗岩型铀矿找矿中的应用鲜有报道。本文对桂北376铀矿床已知矿体开展了烃气测量试验,结果显示：相较于其他金属矿,该铀矿区花岗岩和土壤中总烃含量极低,而且花岗岩总烃含量(平均19.42μL/kg)高于上覆土壤(平均6.32μL/kg)。花岗岩中U与多数烃气组分呈负相关,与重烃呈正相关,重烃在U迁移过程中作用强于轻烃;花岗岩烃气标准化配分模式以C₁、iC₄和C₂^-正异常为特征;铀矿化程度与iC₄/nC₄、(C₁+iC₄+C₂^-)/(C₂+C₃+nC₄)及C₂^-/C₃^-比值呈正相关,与C₂₊/∑C比值呈负相关等可为寻找铀矿提供依据。3...     

Control Factors and Diversities of Phase State of Oil and Gas Pools in the Kuqa Petroleum System

Based on the analysis of the hydrocarbon geochemical characteristics in the Kuqa petroleum system of the Tarim Basin, this study discusses the causes and controlling factors of the phase diversities and their differences in geochemical features. According to the characteristics and differences in oil and gas phase, the petroleum system can be divided into five categories: oil reservoir, wet gas reservoir, condensate gas-rich reservoir, condensate gas-poor reservoir and dry gas reservoir. The causes for the diversities in oil and gas phases include diversities of the sources of parent material, maturity of natural gas and the process of hydrocarbon accumulation of different hydrocarbon phases. On the whole, the Jurassic and Triassic terrestrial source rocks are the main sources for the hydrocarbon in the Kuqa Depression. The small differences in parent material may cause diversities in oil and gas amount, but the impact is small. The differences in oil and gas phase are mainly affected by maturity and the accumulation process, which closely relates with each other. Oil and gas at different thermal evolution stage can be captured in different accumulation process.