南钢无锡金鑫轧钢厂设备基座搬迁精密工程测量方法

本文主要介绍了针对无锡轧钢厂设备基座的精密工程测量,并结合测量中的实际情况,重点提出如何避免和降低误差对大型机械设备测量的影响.     

不锈钢薄钣轧机滚筒轴线检测

论述用基准尺和全站仪进行轧机滚筒轴线检测和计算的高精度工业测量方法.介绍轴线平行线和垂直线的精密测设、按滚筒圆周点测定滚筒轴线的平差计算和精度评定,以及采用本方法的要点.     

“GEOGRAPHY IS TWINNED WITH DIVINITY”: THE LAUDIAN GEOGRAPHY OF PETER HEYLYN

ABSTRACT. This critical history of geography looks to the political concepts that historical actors held and analyzes the incorporation of these concepts into geography. Peter Heylyn, who politicized his geographical books Microcosmus (1621) and, still more, Cosmographie (1657), followed William Laud's characteristic brand of High Church Anglicanism, avowedly hostile both to Roman Catholicism and to Calvinist forms of Protestantism, while upholding an ideal of the Church of England as both independent and apostolic. Further, Laudians were stalwart defendants of monarchy as a divine institution. This Laudian vision of church and state informed Heylyn's geographical works, which goes against a received wisdom that they are divorced from his polemical historical, political, and theological tracts. We thus recover the politics of early modern geography as contemporaries might have understood them.     

蔗渣浆厂废水对地下水影响的研究

我国造纸业废水中的污染因子危及地下水水质安全,通过对野外实地勘察和地下水取样的过程及结果进行分析研究,各地下水取样点的水质均符合国家饮用水卫生标准.用B·M舍斯塔科夫公式计算浸没过程,洪水时期地下水水位升高,研究区废水不会造成地下水的污染.     

Biota: sediment partitioning of aluminium smelter related PAHs and pulp mill related diterpenes by intertidal clams at Kitimat, British Columbia

The question of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) bioavailability and its relationship to specific PAH sources with different PAH binding characteristics is an important one, because bioavailability drives PAH accumulation in biota and ultimately the biochemical responses to the PAH contaminants. The industrial harbour at Kitimat (British Columbia, Canada) provides an ideal location to study the bioavailability and bioaccumulation of sediment hydrocarbons to low trophic level biota. Samples of soft shell clams (Mya arenaria) and intertidal sediment collected from multiple sites over six years at various distances from an aluminium smelter and a pulp and paper mill were analysed for 106 PAHs, plant diterpenes and other aromatic fraction hydrocarbons. Interpretation using PAH source ratios and multivariate data analysis reveals six principal hydrocarbon sources: PAHs in coke, pitch and emissions from anode combustion from the aluminium smelter, vascular plant terpenes and aromatised terpenes from the pulp and paper mill, petroleum PAHs from shipping and other anthropogenic activities and PAHs from natural plant detritus. Harbour sediments predominantly contain either pitch or pyrogenic PAHs from the smelter, while clams predominantly contain plant derived PAHs and diterpenes from the adjacent pulp mill. PAHs from the smelter have low bioavailability to clams (Biota-Sediment Accumulation Factors; BSAFs <1 for pitch and coke; <10 for anode combustion, decreasing to ∼0.1 for the mass 300 and 302 PAHs), possibly due to binding to pitch or soot carbon matrices. Decreases in PAH isomer ratios between sediments and clams likely reflect a combination of variation in uptake kinetics of petroleum PAHs and compound specific metabolism, with the importance of petroleum PAHs decreasing with increasing molecular weight. Plant derived compounds exhibit little natural bioaccumulation at reference sites, but unsaturated and aromatised diterpenes released from resins by industrial pulping processes are readily accumulated by the clams (BSAFs >500). Thus while most of the smelter associated PAHs in sediments may not be bioavailable to benthic organisms, the plant terpenes (including retene, totarol, ferruginol, manool, dehydroabietane and other plant terpenes that form the chemical defence mechanism of conifers) released by pulp mills are bioavailable and possess demonstrated toxic properties. The large scale release of plant terpenes by some of the many pulp mills located in British Columbia and elsewhere represents a largely undocumented risk to aquatic biota.     

地球的历史:核-幔磨理论

论述了一个旨在统一板块构造学说和地幔柱学说的地球动力学理论。尽管这个理论基于两个不寻常的假设,它也许揭示了一个系统的地球演化动力学模型。该理论认为：地球的内核是—磁铁,内核的铁磁性已被观察到的地震波速度各向异性所证实。因为由地球和类木行星之间的磁相互作用所引起的扭力矩始终作用于地球的内核,内核象一个旋转发动机,每时每刻趋于改变地球的自转速度和自转轴位置,而地幔的惯性试图阻止地球自转的变化。这两者之间的相互作用导致了流体外核的形成、玄武岩浆的产生、洋壳的形成、以及内核和地幔之间的差异旋转运动。由于核-幔差异旋转运动,位于核-幔边界的岩石被逐步研磨成玄武岩岩浆。洋中脊系统被解释成巨大的岩墙系统,生根于核-幔边界层中某些主岩浆房。该理论认为：全球构造运动的驱动力来自外部空间,无论是洋壳或陆壳中的构造运动均是地球表面的扩散现象,它受地球的背景辐射和地壳中的物质分布两方面因素影响。其中地球两极方向的差异背景辐射决定了洋中脊系统在地球表面的分布样式和全球构造运动模式。目前,地球遭受着较强的向南极之上的背景辐射和相对较弱的向北极之上的背景辐射。由这种极向的差异背景辐射所引起的吹力驱动着大陆朝北漂移,并导致了地球的梨状形态、以及张性变形发育于南半球和压性变形发育于北半球。这种不对称的地球变形产生了当前颇具特征的洋中脊分布样式(因为洋中脊作为扩张中心始终是沿着垂直于最小应力方向发育),并因此决定了现在的海底扩张方式。整个地球历史可分：第一阶段(27亿年之前)以没有洋壳为特征;第二阶段(自27亿年至22．5亿年)以形成洋壳为特征;第三阶段(22．5亿年之后)以陆壳生长为特征。     

超长套铣筒在鄂尔多斯盆地铀矿钻探施工处理埋钻事故中的应用

在历年的钻探施工中,由于地层原因造成埋钻或处理烧钻、卡钻时间久衍生埋钻事故,使用常规的套铣方法处理,工人的劳动强度大,公锥等材料消耗多,并且成功率低,容易产生弃孔损失。本文介绍了使用超长套铣筒处理鄂尔多斯盆地铀矿钻探中埋钻等孔内事故的方法,可大幅度缩短处理事故的时间,降低工人的劳动强度,提高机台的本质安全度,降低报废钻孔的概率,为今后钻探施工中处理埋钻等孔内事故提供一种比较快速、安全的处理方法。     

电场仪数据采集自记和实时显示记录系统

叙述了用单片机以大气电场仪测量值的Ａ／Ｄ转换和存贮,介绍了其硬件原理和两种工作方式以及软件编程,该系统提供了地面电场仪记录存贮的一种较为灵活方便的新方法。     

Estimating Radon Flux and Environmental Radiation Dose from Decommissioning Uranium Mill Tailings and Mining Debrisg

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Estimating Radon Flux and Environmental Radiation Dose from Decommissioning Uranium Mill Tailings and Mining Debris

Based on a case study on uranium mine No.765 of China National Nuclear Corporation (CNNC), the paper briefly describes disposal program and effect of decommissioning uranium mine/mill facilities and quantitatively evaluates radon fluxes and doses to man of gaseous airborne pathway from mill tailings and mining debris before and after decommissioning, including annual individual effective dose to critical groups and annual collective effective dose to the population within 80 km region of the facilities.