搅拌球磨机在重钙粉超细粉碎中的应用

周期式搅拌球磨机是一种新型高效超细粉碎设备。本文研究了球磨机制备超细重钙粉过程中球料比、矿浆浓度、介质种类以及磨矿时间对制粉效果的影响。提出了适宜的工艺参数。结果表明,用球磨机可拷贝蜊粒径小于１ｕｍ的超细重钙粉,且产品粒度分布窄,磨矿效率高,工艺简单。     

中国对虾(Penaeus chinensis)消化系统发生的研究

本文对中国对虾消化道和中肠腺的发生进行了研究。完整的中肠管形成于Ｎ３期，它是由幼虫腹面的内胚层板向背中线上卷合拢而形成。在Ｚ１期消化道完全贯通。至Ｍ１期，胃分化为贲门胃和幽门胃两部分，中肠前盲囊和中肠后盲囊也在此期出现，同时胃磨的雏形发生，但完整的胃磨形成于Ｐ期。另外，中肠腺始于Ｎ４－５期中肠前端突出的两对中肠腺盲囊。第一对中肠腺盲囊于Ｍ３期退化消失，而第二对中肠腺盲囊则发育为成体的中肠腺。中肠腺小管由４种不同类型的细胞（胚性细胞、吸收细胞、纤维细胞和泡状细胞）所组成     

Survey of estrogenic and androgenic disruption in Swedish coastal waters by the analysis of bile fluid from perch and biomarkers in the three-spined stickleback

The potential for endocrine disruption close to sewage treatment plant and pulp mill effluent discharge points along the Swedish Baltic Sea coast was explored using a dual survey strategy employing two stationary fish species. The levels of vitellogenin and spiggin as biomarkers of endocrine disruption were determined in juvenile three-spined sticklebacks (Gasterosteus aculeatus L.) together with the sex ratios and the presence of intersex. As an indication of exposure, estrogenic and androgenic substances were analysed by GC–MS in bile from perch (Perca fluviatilis L.). Spiggin and vitellogenin levels in juvenile three-spined sticklebacks were generally low, and, for most sampling sites no deviation in gonad type ratios were observed. No remarkable levels of natural or synthetic estrogens or androgens were observed in bile fluid from perch, while bisphenol A and 4-nonylphenol were detected in perch from both reference sites and exposed sites. Taken together, the results did not indicate estrogenic or androgenic disruption in the investigated waters.     

Paleontological characteristics of the Upper Cenozoic sediments and environmental changes in the Peter the Great Bay area (Sea of Japan)

Paleontological assemblages from Cenozoic sediments of the continental slope in the Peter the Great Bay (Sea of Japan) are characterized. Paleontological remains are represented by diverse and abundant siliceous microfossils (diatoms, silicoflagellates, radiolarians) and palynological complexes. The use of high-resolution biostratigraphic zonations made it possible to specify the age of sediments and reconstruct environmental changes during the last 17 Ma. The history of paleontological studies in this area of the Sea of Japan, which is of key importance for development of methods for marine geological works, is reviewed.     

地球的历史:核-幔磨理论

论述了一个旨在统一板块构造学说和地幔柱学说的地球动力学理论。尽管这个理论基于两个不寻常的假设,它也许揭示了一个系统的地球演化动力学模型。该理论认为：地球的内核是—磁铁,内核的铁磁性已被观察到的地震波速度各向异性所证实。因为由地球和类木行星之间的磁相互作用所引起的扭力矩始终作用于地球的内核,内核象一个旋转发动机,每时每刻趋于改变地球的自转速度和自转轴位置,而地幔的惯性试图阻止地球自转的变化。这两者之间的相互作用导致了流体外核的形成、玄武岩浆的产生、洋壳的形成、以及内核和地幔之间的差异旋转运动。由于核-幔差异旋转运动,位于核-幔边界的岩石被逐步研磨成玄武岩岩浆。洋中脊系统被解释成巨大的岩墙系统,生根于核-幔边界层中某些主岩浆房。该理论认为：全球构造运动的驱动力来自外部空间,无论是洋壳或陆壳中的构造运动均是地球表面的扩散现象,它受地球的背景辐射和地壳中的物质分布两方面因素影响。其中地球两极方向的差异背景辐射决定了洋中脊系统在地球表面的分布样式和全球构造运动模式。目前,地球遭受着较强的向南极之上的背景辐射和相对较弱的向北极之上的背景辐射。由这种极向的差异背景辐射所引起的吹力驱动着大陆朝北漂移,并导致了地球的梨状形态、以及张性变形发育于南半球和压性变形发育于北半球。这种不对称的地球变形产生了当前颇具特征的洋中脊分布样式(因为洋中脊作为扩张中心始终是沿着垂直于最小应力方向发育),并因此决定了现在的海底扩张方式。整个地球历史可分：第一阶段(27亿年之前)以没有洋壳为特征;第二阶段(自27亿年至22．5亿年)以形成洋壳为特征;第三阶段(22．5亿年之后)以陆壳生长为特征。     

Teaching Social Justice: Reviving Geography's Neglected Tradition

Abstract

American students are encouraged to become globally competitive. I argue that in a world plagued by social inequality and environmental mismanagement, students should become globally cooperative. But this position is not new. Nineteenth century geographers such as Peter Kropotkin argued that geographic education should promote cooperation and tolerance of others. This article explores why geographers cast aside this progressive vision for geographic education. It hypothesizes that geography's pursuit of academic and scientific legitimacy prompted it to spurn “value-laden” methods. The article concludes by suggesting that geographers return to their social justice roots by adopting constructivist pedagogical methods of Paulo Freire.     

南钢无锡金鑫轧钢厂设备基座搬迁精密工程测量方法

本文主要介绍了针对无锡轧钢厂设备基座的精密工程测量,并结合测量中的实际情况,重点提出如何避免和降低误差对大型机械设备测量的影响.     

不锈钢薄钣轧机滚筒轴线检测

论述用基准尺和全站仪进行轧机滚筒轴线检测和计算的高精度工业测量方法.介绍轴线平行线和垂直线的精密测设、按滚筒圆周点测定滚筒轴线的平差计算和精度评定,以及采用本方法的要点.     

Biota: sediment partitioning of aluminium smelter related PAHs and pulp mill related diterpenes by intertidal clams at Kitimat, British Columbia

The question of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) bioavailability and its relationship to specific PAH sources with different PAH binding characteristics is an important one, because bioavailability drives PAH accumulation in biota and ultimately the biochemical responses to the PAH contaminants. The industrial harbour at Kitimat (British Columbia, Canada) provides an ideal location to study the bioavailability and bioaccumulation of sediment hydrocarbons to low trophic level biota. Samples of soft shell clams (Mya arenaria) and intertidal sediment collected from multiple sites over six years at various distances from an aluminium smelter and a pulp and paper mill were analysed for 106 PAHs, plant diterpenes and other aromatic fraction hydrocarbons. Interpretation using PAH source ratios and multivariate data analysis reveals six principal hydrocarbon sources: PAHs in coke, pitch and emissions from anode combustion from the aluminium smelter, vascular plant terpenes and aromatised terpenes from the pulp and paper mill, petroleum PAHs from shipping and other anthropogenic activities and PAHs from natural plant detritus. Harbour sediments predominantly contain either pitch or pyrogenic PAHs from the smelter, while clams predominantly contain plant derived PAHs and diterpenes from the adjacent pulp mill. PAHs from the smelter have low bioavailability to clams (Biota-Sediment Accumulation Factors; BSAFs <1 for pitch and coke; <10 for anode combustion, decreasing to ∼0.1 for the mass 300 and 302 PAHs), possibly due to binding to pitch or soot carbon matrices. Decreases in PAH isomer ratios between sediments and clams likely reflect a combination of variation in uptake kinetics of petroleum PAHs and compound specific metabolism, with the importance of petroleum PAHs decreasing with increasing molecular weight. Plant derived compounds exhibit little natural bioaccumulation at reference sites, but unsaturated and aromatised diterpenes released from resins by industrial pulping processes are readily accumulated by the clams (BSAFs >500). Thus while most of the smelter associated PAHs in sediments may not be bioavailable to benthic organisms, the plant terpenes (including retene, totarol, ferruginol, manool, dehydroabietane and other plant terpenes that form the chemical defence mechanism of conifers) released by pulp mills are bioavailable and possess demonstrated toxic properties. The large scale release of plant terpenes by some of the many pulp mills located in British Columbia and elsewhere represents a largely undocumented risk to aquatic biota.     

锯缘青蟹(Scylla serrata)幼体胃磨发育的比较研究

在青蟹幼体发育过程中，胃磨呈现出明显的变化。Ｚ１缺乏胃磨的结构，ＺⅡ开始出现中齿和侧齿的雏形，明显的可以识别的中齿和侧齿出现在ＺⅢ，．从ＺＶ开始胃磨已臻完善，除具有中齿和侧齿外，还出现了４个附属齿，包括两个附属的中齿和两个附属的侧齿。大眼幼体期，中齿和侧齿比ＺＶ更加尖锐，附属齿也更加锋利。在仔蟹前，中齿齿尖发生特化，形成垫状角质化区域，侧齿、附属齿更加锋利。这表明青蟹幼体发育过程中胃磨结构的变化与