Scattered ground‐roll attenuation using model‐driven interferometry

Scattered ground roll is a type of noise observed in land seismic data that can be particularly difficult to suppress. Typically, this type of noise cannot be removed using conventional velocity‐based filters. In this paper, we discuss a model‐driven form of seismic interferometry that allows suppression of scattered ground‐roll noise in land seismic data. The conventional cross‐correlate and stack interferometry approach results in scattered noise estimates between two receiver locations (i.e. as if one of the receivers had been replaced by a source). For noise suppression, this requires that each source we wish to attenuate the noise from is co‐located with a receiver. The model‐driven form differs, as the use of a simple model in place of one of the inputs for interferometry allows the scattered noise estimate to be made between a source and a receiver. This allows the method to be more flexible, as co‐location of sources and receivers is not required, and the method can be applied to data sets with a variety of different acquisition geometries. A simple plane‐wave model is used, allowing the method to remain relatively data driven, with weighting factors for the plane waves determined using a least‐squares solution. Using a number of both synthetic and real two‐dimensional (2D) and three‐dimensional (3D) land seismic data sets, we show that this model‐driven approach provides effective results, allowing suppression of scattered ground‐roll noise without having an adverse effect on the underlying signal.     

基于线弹性位错模型反演1997年西藏玛尼Mw7.5级地震的干涉雷达同震形变场——Ⅱ滑动分布反演

1997年11月8日西藏M_w7.5级玛尼地震是干涉雷达技术应用于地震观测以来的一次重要事件.在第一部分中，我们应用广泛使用的Okada线弹性位错模型，假设断层的各个分段滑动量均匀，反演得到断层各个分段的几何参数和均匀滑动量.本部分的反演进一步去除滑动均匀假设，并利用更能反映断层真实状态的角形元位错模型（线弹性），在第一部分反演得到断层几何的基础上，反演断层面的静态位错分布.反演结果表明，线弹性滑动分布模型能够更好地解释观测数据，进一步提高反演的数据拟合程度.最终得到了断层面上的走滑和倾滑位错分布.首次得到的断层面滑动分布显示断层面滑动在浅部（0～12 km）比较集中，地震破裂长度约170 km，最大左旋走滑位移达4.8 m；反演结果还表明局部段落存在较大倾滑位移，量值达到1.9 m，这在断层模型中是不能忽略的，它可能是断层两侧形变不对称的原因之一；反演得到的标量地震矩为2.18×10²⁰ N·m，相当于矩震级M_w7.5，与Velasco等利用地震波形反演得到的结果一致.     

Long baseline interferometric observations of long period variable stars

Recent observations of long-period variable stars at spatial resolutions from approximately 1 arcsec to several milli-arcsecs have provided new insights into pulsation, dust formation, and mass-loss of AGB stars. These insights have come from long baseline interferometric observations obtained across a wide range of wavelengths, from the optical, through the infrared, to wavelengths as long as several millimeters. The present status and recent results from long baseline interferometry, particularly at optical and infrared wavelengths, are discussed. Such results include diameters and limb-darkening, surface features, mode of pulsation, location of SiO masers, inner radii of dust shells, physical conditions in the dust formation zone and of the inner regions of the dust shells. The results are interpreted in terms of present models of dust formation and mass-loss.     

Polarimetric differential SAR interferometry in an arid natural environment

Ground deformation measurements have contributed to a better understanding of the processes and mechanisms involved in natural hazards. Those include landslides, subsidence, earthquakes and volcanic eruptions. Spaceborne Differential Interferometric Synthetic Aperture RADAR (DInSAR) is a well studied technique for measuring ground deformation. Quality of deformation measurements, however, is often degraded by decorrelation. With the advent of fully polarimetric SAR satellite sensors, polarimetric optimization techniques exploiting polarimetric diversity improve the phase quality of interferograms. In this paper, we analyzed three polarimetric optimization methods to determine the optimal one for application in an arid natural environment. We considered coherence decomposition in single and double phase center scenarios. Coherence estimation bias associated with each optimization method has been analyzed. We compared the derived displacement values with terrestrial GPS measurements. The study shows that polarimetric optimization increases the number of coherent pixels by upto 6.89% as compared with a single polarization channel. The study concludes that polarimetric optimization coupled with DInSAR analysis yields more reliable deformation results in a low coherence region.     

时间序列InSAR监测地表形变

针对相干点目标的时间序列,提出了地表形变InSAR技术监测方法,该方法适用于小数据集分析。并采用郑州地区2007年1月到2010年4月期间的8景ALOS PALSAR数据进行验证分析。研究表明,识别的相干点目标具有大的干涉相干值和小的振幅离差,在时间序列中具有可靠的相位。从误差分析和与ENVISAT PSInSAR结果对比分析表明,该文求得的形变速率标准差在0.34mm/a和5.56mm/a之间,表明提出方法是可靠的。     

InSAR与激光雷达测高集成的马兰山冰川物质平衡变化

冰川物质平衡是反映冰川消融与积累关系的重要指标,也是联系冰川与气候变化的纽带,对于评估冰川动态变化具有十分重要的意义。马兰山冰川位于青藏高原北部,作为东昆仑山系中消融最为剧烈的冰川之一,为了评估其在全球气候变暖背景下的物质平衡变化,利用TerraSAR-X/TanDEM-X合成孔径雷达数据、ICESat-2激光雷达高度计数据、SRTM DEM数据,基于合成孔径雷达干涉测量和激光雷达测高技术对其2000年—2020年高程变化进行了研究,并估算了物质平衡。结果表明：近20年来,该区域41条冰川平均表面高程变化-5.64±0.96 m,物质平衡为-0.24±0.06 m·w·e/a,呈明显负平衡状态。其中,2000年—2012年冰川的消融速度（-0.30±0.04 m·w·e/a）要略快于2012年—2020年消融速度（-0.22±0.11 m·w·e/a）。结合GPCC (Global Precipitation Climatology Centre)降水与GHCN＿CAMS (Global Historical Climatology Network)气温再分析数据集可知：自2000年以...     

几种卫星合成孔径雷达影像配准算法的比较研究

复数影像配准是卫星合成孔径雷达干涉数据处理中的重要步骤之一,影像配准精度将直接影响干涉条纹图的质量和由此提取的高程或位移结果的精度。文中利用上海地区ERS-1/2影像数据进行实验,对比分析了三种方法的配准质量和运算效率,试验结果表明:在配准质量方面,相干系数法最高,相位差影像平均波动函数法次之;而在信噪比较低的情况下,最大频谱法的配准质量优于相位差影像平均波动函数法。在运算效率方面,相位差影像平均波动函数法的运算效率最高。     

形成2015年浙江省梅汛期暴雨的控制环流及梅雨锋结构

本文利用NCEP/NCAR全球再分析逐日资料、地面观测资料和自动站降水资料,在分析了2015年浙江省梅汛期强降水特征、水汽输送和局地环流的基础上,从西南季风进退、副热带高压、南亚高压及西风带波动等方面对2015年形成梅汛期暴雨的控制环流进行了分析。结果表明：2015年整个浙江省梅汛期降水量较常年显著偏多,浙江中部地区降水量比历史同期偏多接近一倍。丰沛的水汽从孟加拉湾经中南半岛向东输送,与西太平洋副热带高压西侧的西南气流相合并,在梅雨锋南侧形成异常辐合,为强降水提供了水汽条件。这次持续强降水由三次强降水过程构成并由西风辐合型锋生引起。第二次强降水过程中大气强对流性不稳定利于梅雨锋上中尺度对流系统发展,导致强降水呈现明显的局地性。而第一次和第三次过程中梅雨带附近大气基本处于对流稳定或中性,以斜压性降水为主。在对流层低层,副高较常年偏东偏南,其西北侧西南暖湿气流与北侧冷空气交汇于浙江省,利于梅汛期强降水集中期的出现。在对流层上层的南亚高压较常年位置偏东,其北侧的西风急流强度偏强,东亚急流核入口区右侧的强辐散利于造成强烈的上升运动。在对流层中层,贝加尔湖阻高的东侧有明显的波动能量向东向南传播并在长江中下游积聚,利于浙江地区扰动的维持,形成持续稳定的梅雨锋和中低空切变线,造成梅雨强降水过程的持续。2015年春夏季热带中东太平洋海温正异常分布有利于梅汛期降水偏多的异常环流的形成。     

Density and Temperature Measurements on Laser Generated Radiative Shocks

This paper presents some recent measurements on radiative shocks generated in a xenon gas cell using high power laser. We show new results on temperature and electronic density, and on radial expansion of the shock at various initial conditions (laser energy and gas pressure). The data obtained are compared with one-dimensional and two-dimensional hydro simulations.