地勘单位经济运行中关键环节管理与执行力问题探讨

对地勘单位经济运行中的资金管理、成本管理、制度管理等三个关键环节的作用及运行状况进行分析,指出其运行过程中存在的三个共性问题,即制度不健全,经营机制不完善;成本管理滞后,经济效益不明显;资金管理不规范,经济运行质量不高。地勘单位经济运行执行力就是地勘单位实现经济运行目标的能力。提高地勘单位经济运行执行力的关键是解决经济运行中存在的问题,为此提出了建立健全制度、完善经营机制,强化资金管理、确保生产经营正常进行,加强成本管理、提高经济运行质量等对策和措施。探索地勘单位提升管理水平,增强管理执行力,推动煤田地质经济健康持续发展。     

内蒙古西部额济纳旗雅干地区二叠系埋汗哈达组烃源岩的特征

在对额济纳旗及其邻区石炭系-二叠系的分布特征、岩性特征和沉积环境进行初步研究的基础上,通过对烃源岩展布、有机质丰度和热演化史的研究,结合储、盖务件与保存条件评价,总结了区内石炭系-二叠系油气地质条件.区内残留了厚数千米的上石炭统-上二叠统,岩性组合为碎屑岩+碳酸盐岩+火山岩,反映了裂谷型盆地的沉积特征.广泛发育的浅海陆棚相泥页岩具有较好的生烃条件,以Ⅱ-Ⅲ类干酪根为主,TOC含量中等,R_0一般为0.79%～1.08%,烃源岩演化以成熟为主,部分剖面受构造动力作用的影响达到过成熟.受盆地沉积与演化的控制,区内发育滨岸相砂砾岩、台地斜坡相生物碎屑灰岩、火山碎屑岩(或火山角砾岩)、火山熔岩、风化壳等多种类型的储集层.广泛分布的白垩系为良好的区域盖层,主要成烃期之后的构造作用以坳陷沉降或挤压抬升为主,有利于油气系统的保存.获得了一些与石炭系-二叠系烃源岩有关的油气赋存的信息,显示区内石炭系-二叠系具有良好的油气资源前景.     

煤炭地下气化技术及其应用前景

煤炭地下气化是一种煤炭原位开采技术。文中介绍了煤炭地下气化的工艺过程、技术特征、技术发展历程及其应用前景,特别强调煤炭地下气化应用过程的科学选址及地下水污染防控问题。煤炭地下气化的析气过程是基于煤岩混杂的渗滤通道反应,包含沿径向及沿轴向的煤气化反应过程。随气化通道扩展形成单个稳定气化周期。基于长距离定向钻井及连续油管的移动注气点后退气化工艺,奠定了煤炭地下气化商业化应用的技术基础。地下气化煤气可用于燃气蒸汽联合循环发电,并逐步用作化工原料气。通过科学选址并采取地下水污染防控措施,可以使煤炭地下气化成为新一代的绿色化学采煤技术,具有广阔的应用前景。     

美国印第安纳州宾夕法尼亚系含煤地层和煤层简介

美国中部伊利诺伊煤田(跨伊利诺伊、印第安纳、肯塔基等三个州)的含煤地层为上石炭统宾夕法尼亚系。美国印第安纳地质研究所2006年编制的印第安纳州基岩综合地层柱状图建立了宾夕法尼亚系含煤地层的岩相层序,现将此岩相层序介绍到国内,对我们了解美国晚古生代煤田地质及阅读国外文献资料颇有帮助。     

大地构造理论和中国4次煤田预测与潜力评价

在原煤炭工业部组织的4次全国煤炭资源预测和评价中,其中3次分别运用了槽-台学说、地质力学理论和板块构造理论。简要评述了前3次煤田预测成果。在此基础上,通过分析第4次煤田预测以来的板块构造理论和煤田地质研究进展,以及对2006年6月开始的煤炭资源潜力评价,建议在总结阶段,应在不同板块构造体制下,根据含煤原型盆地恢复、大地构造单元性质与盆地构造演化,对煤炭聚积、煤化作用的控制和影响进行研究,并提出了建立板块构造理论指导下的中国煤炭资源潜力评价的工作思路与技术路线。     

准噶尔盆地吉木萨尔凹陷二叠系芦草沟组储层介—宏孔孔隙结构特征及控制因素

吉木萨尔芦草沟组页岩油资源潜力巨大,为探究其储层介—宏孔孔隙结构特征及控制因素,以研究区芦草沟组钻井岩心为对象,利用X射线衍射、铸体薄片、扫描电镜、孔渗测试、高压压汞、氮气吸附、分形理论、相关性分析等方法,对其储层特征、孔隙结构及控制因素进行了讨论。研究发现：1）研究区芦草沟组储层是一套以长英质碳酸盐岩（A岩）、长英质黏土岩（B岩）、灰/云质细粒长英沉积岩（C岩）、混积岩（D岩）为主的低孔—特低孔、特低渗储层,主要孔隙类型为溶孔,此外还发育有剩余粒间孔、晶间孔、微裂缝;2）研究区芦草沟组储层孔隙分布复杂,孔径分布曲线呈现多峰形,介孔提供了大部分孔容和比表面积;高压压汞计算的宏孔分形维数均值和氮气吸附计算的介孔分形维数均值分别为：2.864 7、2.507 5,介孔孔隙结构复杂程度相对较低;3）有机质丰度有利于A岩、B岩和C岩宏孔孔隙结构的发育,会导致C岩介孔和D岩孔容、比表面积减小;有机质演化程度对A岩介孔、B岩和C岩介孔起到建设作用,对C岩宏孔、D岩介—宏孔有破坏做用;4）脆性矿物含量越高C岩介孔和D岩孔容比表面积越大,而A岩、B岩宏孔、C岩宏孔孔容、比表面积减小;黏土矿物对A岩介孔、C岩介孔及D岩的孔隙系统发育起到建设作用,对B岩宏孔和C岩宏孔有破坏作用。孔隙结构的发育主要受有机质（有机质丰度、有机质演化程度）和矿物组份（脆性矿物含量、黏土矿物含量）的影响,不同岩性、不同尺度的孔隙发育影响因素各有差异。

     

论煤地质学与碳中和

煤基碳排放构成了中国碳排放总量中最重要的部分,做好煤基碳减排和煤炭高效洁净低碳化利用是实现“碳中和”国家目标的重要途径,碳中和背景下的煤地质学发展值得关注。系统评述与碳中和相关的煤地质学研究领域,分析煤地质学在碳中和研究与工程实践中的作用和应用前景,探讨碳中和背景下煤地质学的重要发展方向。取得以下认识：推进清洁煤地质研究、服务煤的高效洁净化燃烧,勘探开发煤系天然气低碳燃料、优化一次能源结构和化石能源结构,开展煤化工资源勘查与开发地质保障研究、推动煤炭的低碳能源转化和新型煤化工产业发展,深化瓦斯地质研究、提高煤矿瓦斯（井下）抽采率、控制煤矿瓦斯的大气排放和泄漏,研究煤层甲烷天然逸散和煤层自燃排放、控制煤层露头的天然排放,发展煤层CO₂地质封存与煤层气强化开发（CO₂-ECBM）技术、推动碳捕获、利用与封存（CCUS）技术发展及其在火力电厂烟气碳减排中的商业化应用,研究煤炭勘查企业的碳足迹、实现企业净零排放,是与煤地质学紧密相关的碳减排技术路径;其中煤层甲烷与煤系气高效勘探开发、深部煤层CO₂-ECBM、煤层露头气体逸散与自燃发火控制、洁净煤地质与煤炭精细勘查是碳中和背景下煤地质学优先发展的重要领域。     

The Upper Permian Sedimentary Facies and Its Role in the Dajing Cu-Sn Deposit, Linxi County, Inner Mongolia, China

Abstract: Exhaustive investigations were launched for confirming the upper Permian host rocks of the Dajing Cu-Sn Deposit, probing into the possibility that Dajing is a Sedex type deposit during cosedimentation, complementing the deficiency of previous researches and going further into substantiating the role of the upper Permian strata in the control of ore distribution. After more than two years work, we reclassified the sedimentary facies in the Dajing area and its periphery as shallow fresh water lake and delta. Indicative sedimentary structures, such as ripple marks, rain marks, and mud cracks combined with contemporary fossils, were revealed. Having measured the flow directions, performed chemical comparison, and analyzed various sediments from sourceland in the Dajing area by XRF, we consequently redivided the strata into four sedimentary members, among which P₂l₁ and P₂l₂ were concluded as significant ore-hosted strata. The upper Permian basin was a lateral rift basin. The water and sediments in the basin are much deeper and thicker in the north than those in the south.
The indicators of special sedimentary facies, such as gravity flow, brine pool and synchronogenic stratiform structure of the ore cannot be found in the Dajing area. There was no growth fault, assemblage of sulfide and sulfate, and no zonation as well.
On the basis of study in this area, taking into account the paleosedimentary environment as capriciously flowing shallow lake, which approximated the state of oxidation, we figured that the paleogeography made it prohibitively difficult to form stratiform sulfide deposits which are prone to form in deoxidized environment. It can be ruled out the possibility that the Dajing deposit is a syngenetic deposit during sedimentation.     

Provenance of Conglomerate and Sandstone from Early Permian Shoushangou Formation in Xi Ujimqin, Inner Mongolia: Implications for Understanding Paleo-Asian Ocean Subduction

During the Late Carboniferous to Early Permian, a rift was formed by post-collisional extension after ocean closure or an island arc-related basin formed by Paleo-Asian Ocean (PAO) subduction in the Xi Ujimqin area. Nevertheless, the closure time of the PAO is still under debate. Thus, to identify the origin of the PAO, the geochemistry and U-Pb age of zircons were analyzed for the extra-large deep marine, polymict clastic boulders and sandstones in the Shoushangou Formation within the basin. The analyses revealed magmatic activity and tectonic evolution. The conglomerates include megaclasts of granite (298.8 ± 9.1?Ma) and granodiorite porphyry (297.1 ± 3.1?Ma), which were deposited by muddy debris flow. Results of this study demonstrated that the boulders of granitoids have the geochemistry of typical I-type granite, characterized by low Zr + Nb + Ce + Y and low Ga/Al values. The granitoid boulders were formed in island arc setting, indicating the presence of arc magmatism in the area that is composed of the Late Carboniferous to Early Permian subduction-related granitoid in southern Xi Ujimqin. Multiple diagrams for determining sedimentary provenance using major and trace elements indicate that Shoushangou sediments originated from continental island arc-related felsic rocks. Detrital zircon U-Pb age cluster of 330–280?Ma was obtained, indicating input from granite, ophiolite, Xilin Gol complex, and Carboniferous sources to the south. The basin was geographically developed behind the arc during the Early Permian period because the outcropped intrusive rocks in the Late Carboniferous to Early Permian form a volcanic arc. The comprehensive analyses of source areas suggest that Shoushangou sediments developed in a backarc basin in response to the northward subduction of the PAO. The backarc basin and intrusive rocks, in addition to previously published Late Carboniferous to Early Permian magmatic rocks of arc unit in Xilin Gol, confirm the presence of an Early Permian trench-arc-basin system in the region, represented by the Baolidao arc and Xi Ujimqin backarc basin. This study highlights the importance and potential of combined geochemical and geochronological studies of conglomerates and sandstone for reconstructing the geodynamic setting of a basin.     

砂岩中的凝灰质填隙物分异特征及其对油气储集空间影响--以鄂尔多斯盆地西北部二叠系为例

运用铸体薄片、扫描电镜、能谱分析及溶蚀实验等多种测试手段对鄂尔多斯盆地西北部二叠系砂岩填隙物进行了成份和成岩演化分析,认为砂岩中的填隙物主要为凝灰质填隙物,而不是普通意义上的粘土矿物。在有残余粒间孔隙或裂缝沟通的较开放性水环境里,凝灰质填隙物蚀变程度强,Si、Al、K、Na及Ca等离子因活性不同而发生分异,蚀变为“脏”高岭石及硅质团块等产物;封闭环境下,凝灰质填隙物保存完好,偏光显微镜下显示出似非晶态波状消光,活性强的K、Na元素含量仍然很高。凝灰质填隙物分异过程中,可以产生一定数量的溶蚀孔隙及晶间孔隙,砂岩储集性能得到了明显改善。对声波时差异常带砂岩进行大量的铸体薄片观察,证实了本区砂岩粒间溶蚀孔隙发育,凝灰质填隙物发生了强烈溶蚀。综合分析26口井的资料,发现垂向上凝灰质填隙物溶蚀强度呈箱型展布,箱内“脏”高岭石及溶蚀孔隙发育,箱顶部凝灰质填隙物含量高,保存好,并缺少“脏”高岭石团块出现。