The biology of the catfish Cnidoglanis macrocephalus (Plotosidae) in an Australian estuary

This paper describes the age structure, growth, diet and aspects of gonadal development in the cobbler, Cnidoglanis macrocephalus (Valenciennes), in the large Swan estuary in south-western Australia between August 1982 and June 1984. Analysis of otolith annuli showed that while the 0+ to 3+ age classes were regularly represented in monthly samples, the 4+ and more particularly the 5+ and 6+ were much less abundant. The weighted means for the back calculated lengths at the end of the first to fourth years of life were 181 mm (≡ 26 g), 314 mm (≡ 156 g), 418 mm (≡ 410 g) and 518 mm (≡ 833 g) respectively. The mean length at the end of the second year of life was similar to the minimum legal size for capture by commercial fishermen (320 mm). The von Bertlanffy growth curve calculated from the back calculated lengths was L_t = 917 [1 − e^{−0·20(t + 0·11)}]. The relative weight of mulluscs, crustaceans and polychaetes in the intestine varied markedly between small and large fish, apparently reflecting differences in the size of these prey. The large mean diameter of mature eggs ( ) was correlated with a low mean absolute fecundity (2078). Trends shown by egg size, gonadosomatic index and time of appearance of spent females indicate that spawning takes place between October and December. The attainment of sexual maturity is both age- and size-dependent. Although sexually maturing and occasionally spent fish were found in the lower estuary, meristic values, commercial catch statistics and other data indicate that the cobbler found in the Swan estuary are part of a population which typically spawns at sea.     

Scyphomedusae in surface waters near the Oregon coast, May–August 1981

The scyphomedusae of the surface waters off Oregon and southern Washington were collected with commercial purse seines from May–August 1981. Twelve east-west transects, located from north of the Columbia River to south of Coos Bay were sampled from the 37 m isobath to distances up to 48 km from shore. Chrysaora fuscescens was the dominant species collected in each month. Maximum sampled abundances reached 18001 of medusae per 10⁵ m³. Using an estimated carbon content of 0·280% of wet weight, this medusa density was calculated to contain approximately 50 mg Cm⁻³. Seven of the 263 samples contained so many medusae that they exceeded the capacity of the sampling gear. In all months but May, when medusa densities were relatively low, the density of C. fuscescens was greatest closest to shore and decreased rapidly offshore. Mean umbrella diameter increased from 8·6 cm in May to 18·5 cm in August, while the largest specimens increased from 19 cm in May to 37 cm in August. Aurelia aurtia, Cyanea capillata and Phacellophora camtschatica were also collected, but were much less abundant than C. fuscescens. The relative abundance of C. fuscescens was compared with the maximum abundance of copepods off the Oregon coast, and the hydrographic features influencing medusa distribution patterns are discussed.     

山东蓬莱沿海的贝类

本文报导了蓬莱沿海的贝类１１１种,隶属４９科８６属 ,并对它们的生态类型,区和纱分布特点作了初步分析。     

浙江北部沿海婆罗囊螺（Retusa borneensis)生态敏感因子的筛选研究

根据 2 0 0 1年 4月— 2 0 0 2年 9月间对浙江北部沿海婆罗囊螺资源生态调查与实验生态观察、生物学特性研究、敏感药物选择与区域应用实验所获资料 ,以婆罗囊螺繁殖盛期优势群体与同时期滩涂养殖主要经济种类泥螺、彩虹明樱蛤优势群体间生态耐受特性比较为基础 ,通过建立基于利比希最小因子定律和谢尔福德耐受性定律基础之上的婆罗囊螺生态敏感因子确定方法 ,对婆罗囊螺生态敏感因子及其敏感度指数进行定量分析研究。结果表明 ,婆罗囊螺6h内温度、盐度及酸碱度的最大生态幅分别为 0— 40℃、5— 65和 3.92— 9.5 ,最适生态幅分别为温度 1 0— 30℃、盐度 1 7— 35和酸碱度 5 .5— 9.5 ;各实验动物对温度、盐度及酸碱度的生态敏感度指数分别为 :婆罗囊螺呈酸碱度 >温度 >盐度 ,泥螺呈温度 =盐度 >酸碱度 ,彩虹明樱蛤则表现为温度≈酸碱度≈盐度 ;各实验生物间对温度、盐度及酸碱度生态敏感度指数分别表现为 ,温度呈彩虹明樱蛤≈婆罗囊螺 >泥螺 ,盐度呈泥螺 >彩虹明樱蛤≈婆罗囊螺 ,酸碱度呈婆罗囊螺 >泥螺 >彩虹明樱蛤。在讨论并设定酸碱度作为婆罗囊螺生态敏感因子的同时 ,为不影响涂泥底质安全 ,保证泥螺和彩虹明樱蛤的正常存活 ,确定酸碱度对婆罗囊螺的有效作用水平为 9.5— 1 0。     

华南沿海地质灾害类型、发育规律和防治对策

本文系统和全面地论述华南沿海地质灾害的类型和发育规律。从宏观控制因素划分出岩石圈、大气圈、水圈及生物圈控制的四大地质灾害类型,阐明各类型发灾特点,论述主要地质灾害类型的分布和发育规律,提出灾害的总体防治对策。     

Remote Sensing of Mangrove Change Along the Tanzania Coast

This article contributes to the understanding of the changes in distribution and total area of mangrove forests along the mainland Tanzania coast over the past decade. Mangroves are recognized as critical coastal habitat requiring protection and special attention. The Tanzania coastline forms a suitable habitat for establishment of mangrove forests. Mangrove forests are distributed from Tanga in the north to Mtwara in the south covering approximately 109,593 hectares from 1988-1990 and about 108,138 hectares in 2000. The largest continuous mangrove stands are found in the districts of Rufiji, Kilwa, Tanga-Muheza, and Mtwara. Comparison of data between these two time periods shows that the geographic coverage of mangroves has no dramatic change in the past decade. The Tanzania Mangrove Management Project and other closely related programs and efforts pertaining to mangrove conservation contribute to direct restoration and natural regeneration of mangroves. This study documents the changes of mangroves and demonstrates that remote sensing and GIS offer important data and tools in the advancement of coastal resource management and ecosystem monitoring. Application of geographic information technologies is critical for improved coastal resources management and decision making for sustainable development in Tanzania.     

山东蓬莱后大雪金矿金矿物标型特征及其地质意义

通过对后大雪金矿13件光片的系统观察统计及电子探针分析，研究了金矿物的赋存状态，形态和粒度，化学成分，金的成色等特征及其变化规律，并分析探讨了其在矿床成因，成矿远景评价等方面的应用和意义。     

Subsurface geology of Louisiana hazardous waste landfills: A case study

Many hazardous waste sites in the south Louisiana Gulf Coast have been emplaced in sediments of Plio-Pleistocene to Recent age. Because of the fining upward nature of these regressive-transgressive fluvial-deltaic sequences and the purported confining capabilities of the shallow clay layers within them, this area would seem to be ideal for the location of surface waste landfills. However, detailed geologic mapping at a site in southeastern Louisiana documents how the three-dimensional distribution of sediment types and early diagenetic features, both of which were ultimately controlled by depositional history, can increase effective vertical permeability of finegrained sequences. Many bodies of sand that appear to be isolated in standard geotechnical cross sections can be shown to be part of spatially complex three-dimensional distributary networks, with fine-grained sediments representing overbank and backswamp deposits. Some clay layers are actually a composite of thinner clay beds, each subjected to subaerial exposure and the development of secondary porosity related to soil formation. There has been documented leakage of wastes down through the clays, and a recent study indicates that the effective vertical hydraulic conductivity of the clay layers exceeds 10^–5 cm s^–1, or from one to four orders of magnitude higher than values measured on samples from cores of the same sediment. An understanding of the depositional framework, facies architecture, and diagenetic history of geologic materials underlying waste disposal sites in Louisiana is required for rational development of monitoring and remediation plans.     

中国潮汐汉道研究的进展

潮汐汊道（ｔｉｄａｌｉｎｌｅｔ）是一种重要的海岸类型。本世纪７０年代，在欧美等国成为研究热点。８０年代，我国不少海岸学家加入这一研究行列。分析了潮汐汊道及其与其它潮汐海岸类型如潮汐河口、潮流冲刷槽等在学术概念上的差异与重合，评述了中国潮汐汊道研究的进展，重点介绍有代表性的研究成果，提出了今后我国应优先研究的主要课题。