穆龙套金矿地质和地球化学

总结了世界最大造山型金矿穆龙套金矿（黄金储量〉6100t）的地质、地球化学特征。穆龙套金矿的赋矿围岩为晚奥陶世早志留世黑色碳质页岩,矿床产于剪切带和断裂的交汇部位,受韧性剪切带控制。下部有强烈蚀变的白岗岩（约287Ma）,矿体北部‘出露火成岩岩墙（273～286Ma）。金主要赋存于石英脉中,矿石及其围岩蚀变组合的地球化学特征指示了岩浆流体对成矿作用的贡献,但流体包裹体研究表明,成矿流体中绝大多数He来自地壳,惰性气体主要来自大气。金矿年龄被确定为约275Ma（SmNd等时线）、226～254Ma（绢云母40Ar／39Ar坪年龄）和约290Ma（毒砂Re-Os）。在有限的地区内短时期形成巨型金矿需要特殊的机制和长期的流体演化过程。     

武当群片岩变形参数各向异性特征及机制研究

片岩因受片理面影响,其变形行为和破坏机制与一般岩体存在明显差异。为此,采用室内单轴压缩试验,研究了十堰-房县高速通省隧道武当群片岩在片理面倾角分别为0°、45°、90°时的变形参数各向异性特征及破坏机制。结果表明:片岩变形参数及破坏模式具有显著的各向异性特征。按照弹性模量E由大到小的顺序,试样的片理面倾角依次为:90°、0°、45°;按照泊松比v由大到小的顺序,试样的片理面倾角依次为:45°、0°、90°。片理面倾角为0°时试样以垂直片理面方向的压断破坏为主,45°时试样以沿片理面方向的纯剪切破坏为主,90°时以劈裂破坏为主。在此基础上,通过电镜扫描、FLAC3D数值试验结果等,分析了片岩变形破坏各向异性的机制,认为主要原因是片理面空间方位与轴向力方向不同的组合,导致软弱结构面——片理面对片岩变形的贡献差异明显。     

宿松变质杂岩中石榴石-蓝晶石-硬绿泥石片岩形成条件及时限研究

宿松变质杂岩因变质程度较低,岩性较为繁杂,故其变质演化及年龄一直缺乏系统性和全面性研究,这很大程度上影响了人们对大别造山带结构框架和演化的深入理解。本次研究主要针对太湖-马庙断裂和柳林-缺月岭-山龙断裂之间的宿松变质杂岩进行了综合细致的分析,确定了特征性的高压岩石——石榴石-蓝晶石-硬绿泥石片岩的存在。利用THERMOCALC的Average P-T法,确定了石榴石-蓝晶石-硬绿泥石片岩的峰期变质温压条件为T=551~569℃和P=1.96~2.47GPa,属于高压榴辉岩相。LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年显示该岩石的峰期变质年龄为242.2±2.0Ma,退变质年龄为216.2±6.6Ma。结合区域地质调查和前人的研究成果,该岩石可能普遍存在于这两断裂之间,并暗示了这两断裂之间的块体经历了高压变质作用,其应当从宿松变质杂岩中剥离出来。本文在此暂定名为大山-麻石沟高压块体,并建议宿松变质杂岩的北界止于柳林-缺月岭-山龙断裂。     

石鼓-黎明地区变沉积岩系的深熔时代和物源

以出露于石鼓-黎明地区的黑云母石英片岩及其深熔脉体为重点研究对象,对其中的锆石进行了阴极发光图像分析、SHRIMP和LA-ICP-MS U-Pb年代学研究。阴极发光图像显示,黑云母石英片岩中大部分锆石保留清晰的振荡环带;深熔脉体中大部分锆石具有核-边结构,核部保留清晰的振荡环带或呈灰色无分带结构,边部较窄呈黑色。对黑云母石英片岩及其深熔脉体中锆石核部进行定年,得到年龄范围为2 637～743 Ma,具有858～852 Ma的主要年龄峰值,表明其主要物质来源为扬子板块西缘新元古代岩浆岩,同时也有太古代-古元古代基底岩石的加入,沉积时代应晚于852 Ma。深熔脉体锆石边部的Th/U值较小(0. 1),得到206Pb/238U年龄变化于225～197 Ma之间,可能代表了变沉积岩的变质-深熔时代,该年龄与金沙江-点苍山-哀牢山变质带二叠纪-三叠纪变质事件的时代相一致。     

绢云母片岩粗粒料改性试验研究

绢云母片岩属极软岩,强度低,直接作为路基填料难以压实,易造成路基沉陷、路面开裂等不良工程现象。通过对绢云母片岩及其4种改性方案进行表面振动压实试验、室内重型击实试验、室内CBR试验以及回弹模量试验研究,探讨绢云母片岩经改性后用作高速公路路基填料的适用性。试验表明,绢云母片岩最大干密度采用室内重型击实与表面振动压实试验结果相差较大,采用表面振动压实时为1.92 g/cm3,采用室内重型击实时为2.01 g/cm3。主要原因是由于绢云母片岩颗粒破碎的结果。绢云母片岩及其4种改性粗粒土的在最优含水率附近的较宽范围内的变动对压实效果的影响不大,有利于填料的压实。绢云母片岩的回弹模量E较低,小于32 MPa,经改性后的土料的回弹模量均有显著提高,均达到50 MPa以上。添加20%红砂岩和20%黏性土的试料CBR值均只有3.7,添加3%水泥和5%水泥的试料CBR值上升明显。绢云母片岩经添加3%、5%的水泥化学改性后可用于高速公路上路堤及路床填筑。     

Omphacite-bearing calcite marble and associated coesite-bearing pelitic schist from the meta-ophiolitic belt of Chinese western Tianshan

In the meta-ophiolitic belt of Chinese western Tianshan, marble (5–50 cm thick) is found interlayered with pelitic schist. The marble is mainly composed of calcite (>90% in volume) and accessory phases include omphacite, quartz, dolomite, albite, phengite, clinozoisite and titanite with or without rutile core. This is the first omphacite (Jd_35–50) reported from marble of Chinese western Tianshan. It mainly occurs in the calcite matrix, rarely as inclusion in albite. The presence of omphacite suggests that the layered marble was subjected to eclogite-facies metamorphism, consistent with the occurrence of high-Si phengite (Si a.p.f.u. up to 3.7) and aragonite relic in albite. The associated pelitic schist consists of quartz, white mica (phengite + paragonite), garnet, albite, amphibole (barroisite ± glaucophane) and rutile/titanite, as well as minor amounts of dolomite, tourmaline and graphite. Coesite is optically recognized within porphyroblastic pelitic garnet and is further confirmed via Raman spectroscopy. Thermodynamic models support the UHP metamorphism of calcite marble, similar to the associated pelitic schist. Shared UHP-LT history of calcareous and pelitic rocks in Chinese western Tianshan suggests that the supracrustal carbon-rich sediments have been carried to depths of >90 km during fast subduction and thus are potential sources for carbon recycled into arc crust.     

各向异性片岩的微观组构信息定量提取与断面形貌特征分析

取3类具有明显片理面的武当群片岩,采用偏光显微镜、扫描电镜研究其微观组构、断面形貌特征。构建了面积百分比、尺寸与周长-面积分形维数、定向分布系数等指标,利用IPP专业图像处理软件,对矿物和孔隙(微裂隙)两系统的含量、形态、分布特征等进行定量分析;并基于Matlab的数字图像处理技术,对断裂面粗糙度展开定量评价。偏光显微镜下显示,片岩具有矿物定向排列与粒、片状矿物近互层状分布的典型特征。矿物系统的微观定量分析结果表明:武当群片岩白云母的含量为11%~30%;小岛法计算的白云母矿物周长-面积分形维数为1.31~1.39;定向分布系数为0.61~0.85;微裂隙依附于白云母矿物边缘孕育、扩展,导致武当群片岩的孔隙(微裂隙)微观指标与对应的矿物微观指标有较强的相关性。沿片理面的片岩断面主要呈现沿晶破坏特征,断口较平坦,基于断面形貌图绘制的灰度信号波曲线的盒维数为1.48~1.60;斜交片理面破裂的片岩断面以穿晶破坏为主,有穿晶-沿晶破坏交替而生的迹象,断口粗糙起伏,对应的灰度信号波曲线的盒维数为1.65~1.69。武当群片岩的断面粗糙度各向异性约为1.03~1.14。     

An investigation into the relationship between salt weathering debris production and temperature

An investigation using laboratory simulation has been made using air temperature data for Tunisia, Antarctica, and southwest England. An experiment with a 50 cycle run produced results which showed significantly greater debris production in the Antarctica and Tunisian simulations than in the southwest England simulation. Using X-ray analysts to determine salt penetration, an inverse relationship between salt penetration and debris production was seen to exist. This could be the result of evaporation in the Tunisian simulation and rapid freezing in the Antarctic simulation, concentrating salts in the upper layers of the rock samples. In the southwest England simulation, no freezing, and relatively high humidities allowed greater penetration, thus distributing an equal input of salt over a greater area. The author tentatively suggests the possible existence of a parabolic relationship between salt weathering and temperature.     

福建屏南黛溪铅锌矿床地质特征与成因

福建屏南黛溪铅锌矿床形成了火山活动频繁的断陷带中，矿体产于火山基底“构造窗”震旦纪龙北溪组地层中，矿化受绿片岩相控制，矿体呈似层状，与围岩产状一致，矿石具特殊的结构和构造，矿物组分简单，品位低，规模较大，硫主要来源于花岗质岩浆，铅来源于地壳，有陆源铅混染，表现为“层控型”矿床特征和多期次地质作用的叠加改造。     

Dynamic melting of the Precambrian mantle: evidence from rare earth elements of the amphibolites from the Nellore–Khammam Schist Belt, South India

The Nellore–Khammam Schist Belt (NKSB) in South India is a Precambrian greenstone belt sited between the Eastern Ghats Mobile Belt (EGMB) to the east and the Cratonic region to the west. The belt contains amphibolites, granite gneisses and metasediments including banded iron formations. Amphibolites occurring as dykes, sills and lenses—in and around an Archaean layered complex—form the focus of the present study. The amphibolites are tholeiitic in composition and are compositionally similar to Fe-rich mafic rocks of greenstone belts elsewhere. The NKSB tholeiites show highly variable incompatible trace element abundances for similar Mg#s, relatively constant compatible element concentrations, and uniform incompatible element ratios. Chondrite-normalized REE patterns of the tholeiites range from strongly LREE depleted ((La/Yb) _N = 0.19) to LREE enriched ((La/Yb) _N = 6.95). Constant (La/Ce) _N ratios but variable (La/Yb) _N values are characteristic geochemical traits of the tholeiites; the latter has resulted in crossing REE patterns especially at the HREE segment. Even for the most LREE depleted samples, the (La/Ce) _N ratios are > 1 and are similar to those of the LREE enriched samples. There is a systematic decrease in FeO^t, K₂O and P₂O₅, as well as Ce and other incompatible elements from the LREE enriched to the depleted samples without any variation in the incompatible element ratios and Mg#s. Neither batch and fractional melting, nor magma chamber processes can account for the non-correlation between the LREE enrichment and HREE concentrations. We suggest that dynamic melting of the upper mantle is responsible for these geochemical peculiarities of the NKSB tholeiites. Polybaric dynamic melting within a single mantle column with variable mineralogy is the likely mechanism for the derivation of NKSB tholeiitic melts. It is possible that the NKSB tholeiites are derived from a source with higher FeO/MgO than that of present day ridge basalts.