内蒙古呼和浩特北二道凹岩群黑云角闪片岩SHRIMP锆石U-Pb定年

二道凹岩群是20世纪70年代初1∶200000区域地质调查时在呼和浩特市北二道凹地区命名的,其岩石组合为变质砾岩、各种片岩、大理岩等。依据最新1∶250000区调成果,自下而上分了三个岩组,即红山口岩组、哈拉更沟岩组、东梁岩组。为进一步研究二道凹岩群的地质时代,本文对东梁岩组的黑云角闪片岩中锆石进行了高精度SHRIMP U-Pb测年研究,其时代为1890±8 Ma,认为该年龄值系黑云角闪片岩原岩的形成时代,即代表了二道凹岩群上部中基性火山岩的形成年龄,结合已有的年龄数据,进一步佐证了二道凹岩群形成于古元古代(1800~2400Ma)。     

Geological and mineralogical study of eclogite and glaucophane schists in the Naga Hills Ophiolite,Northeast India

A variety of low‐ to high‐pressure metamorphic assemblages occur in the metabasic rocks and metachert in the Upper Cretaceous–Eocene ophiolite belt of the central part of the Naga Hills, an area in the northern sector of the Indo–Myanmar Ranges in the Indo–Eurasian collision zone. The ophiolite suite includes peridotite tectonite containing garnet lherzolite xenoliths, layered ultramafic–mafic cumulates, metabasic rocks, basaltic lava, volcaniclastics, plagiogranite, and pelagic sediments emplaced as dismembered and imbricated bodies at thrust contacts between moderately metamorphosed accretionary rocks/basement (Nimi Formation/Naga Metamorphics) and marine sediments (Disang Flysch). It is overlain by coarse clastic Paleogene sediments of ophiolite‐derived rocks (Jopi/Phokphur Formation). The metabasic rocks, including high‐grade barroisite/glaucophane‐bearing epidote eclogite and glaucophane schist, and low‐grade greenschist and prehnite–clinochlore schist, are associated with lava flows and ultramafic cumulates at the western thrust contact. Chemically, the metabasites show a low‐K tholeiitic affinity that favors derivation from a depleted mantle source as in the case of mid‐ocean ridge basalt. Thermobarometry indicates peak P–T conditions of about 20 kb and 525°C. Retrogression related to uplift is marked by replacement of barroisite and omphacite by glaucophane followed by secondary actinolite, albite, and chlorite formation. A metabasic lens with an eclogite core surrounded by successive layers of glaucophane schist and greenschist provides field evidence of retrogression and uplift. Presence of S‐C mylonite in garnet lherzolite and ‘mica fish’ in glaucophane schist indicates ductile deformation in the shear zone along which the ophiolite was emplaced.     

内蒙古苏尼特左旗必鲁图发现天然磨料铁铝榴石矿层

本次区调工作在内蒙古苏尼特左旗必鲁图绢云母绿泥石片岩中发现了铁铝榴石矿层，并进行了岩石学和矿物学的研究。初步研究表明，矿化围岩属中元古代，相当于区域上的白乃庙群。铁铝榴石呈红褐色，菱形十二面体晶形，化学成分以铁、铝、硅为主，含钙、镁等微量元素。铁铝榴石属区域变质叠加热变质作用形成。     

相山铀矿田变质基底片岩的变质作用研讨

在相山铀矿田的早-中元古代变质基底中，出露一套云母片岩。按照片岩中的变质特征矿物，可划分为黑云母带、石榴石带和十字石带，与著名的巴罗带中的三个变质带相对比具有相同的矿物组合。该套片岩主要由富铝矿物十字石、铁铝榴石和大量黑云母组成，因而其原岩以粘土岩为主。由于片岩中含有大量黑云母和石榴石，这为利用石榴石、黑云母探讨变质作用的温度压力条件提供了方便，利用矿物温度压力计得到的温度为500～600℃，压力约0.5Gpa。在晚元古代以前该地区至少发生过两次热动力变质作用。     

北淮阳变质单元中“浅变质”带——佛子岭群主期变质条件和碎屑锆石年代学探究

佛子岭群为北淮阳变质单元的重要组成部分,其位于大别碰撞造山带最北缘,处于扬子和华北板块的结合部位,构造位置极为关键。长期以来,佛子岭群一直被视为扬子板块北缘沉积产物,并以加积楔形式产出。然而,随着年代学和构造地质学的研究的深入,对其构造归属和形成动力学机制产生了差异性认识,究其原因主要是对佛子岭群变质属性缺乏准确的判定所致。为此,本研究对佛子岭群展开了详细的野外观测和区域变质岩石学研究,以及岩相学、热力学和年代学分析。研究表明佛子岭群构成较为复杂,主体由细粒的云母石英片岩、石英云母片岩和石榴云母片岩构成。主期变质PT条件评价显示,其温压范围为610～620℃和0. 9～1. 0GPa,普遍经历了中-高压角闪岩相变质,并非为"浅"变质产物,并卷入了较深层次的俯冲-折返过程。锆石U-Pb年代学研究表明,佛子岭群年龄跨度较大,范围为3101±48Ma～413±9Ma,可分为5组年龄,年龄峰值分别为2537Ma、1567Ma、940Ma、749Ma和440Ma,显示了华北和扬子板块混合物源特征,最年轻的年龄峰值暗示其形成于早古生代晚期。     

The Nigerian manganese-rich iron-formations and their host rocks—from sedimentation to metamorphism

This investigation deals with the Nigerian iron-formations and their host rocks and is based on about 560 mineral analyses (electron-microprobe) and 93 whole-rock analyses (64 iron-formations and 29 host rocks). The manganese-rich and Al-bearing iron-formations occurring in various schist belts of the northern and southern part of West-Nigeria consist of the magnetite-free silicate, the magnetite–silicate and the quartz-rich hematite facies.Iron-formations and host rocks originated from submarine-volcanogenic exhalations enriched in Fe, Mn and CO₂ and from Al₂O₃, SiO₂ and alkali (K₂O and Na₂O)-rich continental-derived pelitic to psammitic material. From these sources and their interaction and controlled by the volcanogenic activity, differently composed protoliths were deposited in the marine basin during the Birimian time. Subsequent metamorphism of greenschist to low amphibolite facies conditions during the Eburnian time led to the formation of the metaprotoliths of the magnetite–silicate (consisting of predominantly magnetite and quartz and subordinate of garnet and amphibole), the silicate facies (consisting of garnet, amphibole and rarely Mn-bearing ilmenite and quartz) and the metasediment phyllite. Garnets are predominantly almandine–spessartine solid solutions, whereas amphiboles are Mn and Ca-bearing grunerite–cummingtonite solid solutions. In the course of a second tectono-metamorphic event of Pan-African age, the magnetite–silicate facies iron-formation/phyllite association was transformed into the hematite facies and muscovite/biotite schists, whereas the silicate facies is characterized by extensive silicification features. The hematite facies and the silicified silicate facies are restricted to southern Nigeria where the second and heterogeneous tectono-metamorphic event is more pronounced (amphibolite facies conditions) than in northern Nigeria.The genesis, summarized as the metamorphic model, shows that the carbonate-rich (siderite, rhodochrosite and subordinate magnesite and calcite) protoliths were metamorphically transformed into the silicate and magnetite–silicate facies. The separation of Mn and Fe, leading to manganese-bearing iron-formations and iron-bearing manganese-formations was explained by varying pH-conditions, under which siderite (pH: 6.8–9.4) and rhodochrosite (pH: 9–11) precipitated.Similar to the Gunfit and Biwabik iron-formations of Minnesota, USA, the iron-formation of Bingi (Maru schist belt), now present in the form of the fayalite bearing silicate facies, was overprinted by contact metamorphism caused by a gabbro intrusion.     

Geochemistry of Archean Metavolcanic Rocks from Kadiri Schist Belt, Andhra Pradesh, India

The basic volcanic group exposed in the Kadiri schist belt includes high Mg-basalt, basalt, basaltic andestite and dacite. The basalts are tholeiitic in composition and high Mg-basalts, basaltic andesites and dacites show calc-alkaline affinity. Major and trace element characteristics suggest that the volcanic suite has been derived from an initial tholeiitic magma which has given rise to an early basaltic type and a later calc-alkaline type of rocks. An island arc and active continental margin tectonic setting was inferred for these rocks.     

南迦巴瓦峰地区雅鲁藏布构造带中石英(片)岩的岩石化学特征及变质条件探讨

雅鲁藏布构造带在喜马拉雅东构造结地区大致呈弧形展布,宽21km～10km的蛇绿混杂岩带,带内岩石类型为云母石英(片)岩、绿片岩和变超镁铁岩块体等。其中云母石英(片)岩类广泛分布,宏观上呈巨大而狭长且岩性较单一的岩片,或与绿片岩(变玄武岩)混杂在一起。在化学成份上,MnO／TiO2比值低,Al／(Al Fe Mn)比值高,与洋脊附近热水成因深海硅质岩有很大的区别。在Al-Fe-Mn图解上,落在“生物成因硅质岩”范围内,原岩应为不纯的硅质岩类和砂、泥质岩,形成于弧后盆地小洋盆。矿物温压计算及多硅白云母的特点说明变质作用曾经历了角闪岩相,变质温压条件可能达到T=500C～650C,P=0.75GPa～0．8GPa,之后,构造带边界阿尼桥断层和米林-鲁朗断层发生强烈走滑,产生低温高压动力变质作用,形成高压、超高压型多硅白云母。     

山东沂水峨山口韧性剪切带糜棱岩类质量平衡分析

峨山口韧性剪切带糜棱岩质量分析结果表明,该剪切带是在一个开放体系非等化学背景下形成的。该带中物质组分的迁移活动,主要发生在白云母石英片岩的形成阶段,并以Ｌｏｓ（流体）、ＳｉＯ２、ＦｅＯ、Ｆｅ２Ｏ３、ＴｉＯ２、Ｋ２Ｏ大量带入,而Ｎａ２Ｏ显著带出为特征。以Ａｌ２Ｏ３守恒为限制条件,整个剪切带从原岩到白云母石英片岩的质量和体积增大约５０％。     

新疆西南天山含柯石英泥质片岩的岩石学特征及变质作用p-T轨迹

新疆西南天山高压-超高压变质带主要由泥质-长英质片岩组成,其中包裹榴辉岩、蓝片岩和超基性岩等透镜体。含柯石英泥质片岩具斑状/筛状变晶结构,片状构造,矿物组合为石榴石、多硅白云母、钠长石、钠云母、蓝闪石、冻蓝闪石、石英以及少量褐帘石、金红石和榍石,柯石英包裹在石榴石变斑晶内。根据岩石学特征和相平衡模拟的结果,识别出含柯石英泥质片岩经历了3期变质演化阶段:压力峰期之前的进变质阶段(Ⅰ),由石榴石核部到含柯石英区域的环带确定,特征为温度和压力同时升高,所限定的压力峰期条件为500℃、2.9 GPa,模拟的矿物组合为石榴石+蓝闪石+硬玉+纤柱石+硬柱石+金红石+多硅白云母+柯石英,与含柯石英的事实相符;压力峰期之后的升温降压至温度峰期阶段(Ⅱ),由石榴石含柯石英区域到边部的环带确定,特征为温度升高压力降低,所限定的温度峰期条件为560℃、2.35 GPa,模拟的矿物组合为石榴石+蓝闪石+硬玉+硬柱石+金红石+多硅白云母+石英,发生连续脱水反应蓝闪石+纤柱石+硬柱石=石榴石+硬玉+水,释放出岩石中约45%的水,导致柯石英转变为石英,纤柱石消失;温度峰期之后的近等温降压阶段(Ⅲ),由晚期矿物组合钠云母+钠长石+冻蓝闪石+榍石+石英的稳定温压条件确定(495~550℃、1.0~1.15 GPa),减压抬升过程中,在约2.1 GPa处,发生脱水反应硬玉+硬柱石=蓝闪石+钠云母+水,导致硬柱石消失,钠云母出现,在约1.1~1.25 GPa处,榍石取代金红石,绿辉石消失,钠长石和冻蓝闪石出现。阶段Ⅱ强烈的连续脱水过程十分利于矿物组合的再平衡,导致绝大多数压力峰期的柯石英转变为石英,仅有极少数因包裹在刚性石榴石中而得以保存。含柯石英泥质片岩及其榴辉岩透镜体经历了完全相同的俯冲折返过程。