Prograde and retrograde metamorphism of hematitebearing basic schists in the Sanbagawa belt in central Shikoku

The mineral assemblages of hematite-bearing basic schists in intermediate high-pressure metamorphism are temperature dependent. For assemblages with excess hematite, albite, muscovite and quartz, the paragenetic relations can be dealt with in terms of a four-component system, without omitting or grouping major components.
In the Sanbagawa belt in central Shikoku, the dominant amphibole in the hematite-bearing basic schists changes from winchite, via crossite and barroisite to hornblende. The stability of amphibole is described chemographically within a pseudoternary system with another excess phase, epidote. Many amphiboles are chemically heterogeneous owing to retrograde reactions which produced low- T/P amphibole around the prograde amphibole. The examination of amphibole zoning makes it possible to draw a retrograde P-T trajectory which passes on the lower pressure side of the prograde one.     

南秦岭构造带十堰—武当地区岩石变质作用

十堰—武当地区位于南秦岭构造带和扬子板块的结合部位,内部发育的变质岩可为秦岭造山带印支期造山过程提供重要信息。在该地区含石榴子石片岩的岩石学、矿物学研究基础上,利用石榴子石-黑云母地质温度计和石榴子石-白云母地质温度计计算变质作用条件。结果表明:石榴子石-黑云母地质温度计计算得到方滩—王家山剖面南、北两侧变质岩的主期变质温度分别为344℃~410℃和368℃~431℃,属于低绿片岩相;由石榴子石-白云母地质温度计计算得到十堰—大木剖面南、北两侧变质岩主期变质温度分别为322℃~440℃和535℃~540℃,属于低—高绿片岩相。结合区域变质变形研究成果,认为十堰—武当地区中低级变质岩的变质作用演化与南秦岭构造带印支期洋盆闭合伴生的俯冲-增生过程有关,它使得不同变质级别的岩石发生并置然后一起抬升。     

P–T estimates from the Nellore schist belt (India) and evidence for superimposed metamorphic events

The Nellore schist belt (NSB) is one of the prominent schist belts of southern India. It is thrust over an unmetamorphosed Proterozoic sedimentary sequence (Cuddapah Basin) in the west and in turn is overthrust by the Eastern Ghats Granulite Terrain (EGGT) in the east. Metamorphic grade has been considered to be either greenschist to amphibolite facies or else to show high- and low-grade groups of rocks. Detailed mineralogical and P, T studies on representative rock types across the high- to low-grade groups (metapelite and metadacite from the high- and low-grade groups respectively) near Vinjamuru reveal that there are high (M1) and medium (M2) grade metamorphic events. While metapelite documents both M1 and M2 events, metadacite shows only the M2 event, thus indicating the presence of high- and medium-grade groups of rocks in the NSB. The stable mineral assemblage during the early prograde part of M1 was Qtz+St₁+Ms₁+Pl₁+Bt±Grt, which subsequently suffered high-grade metamorphic conditions (T∽715–765°C and P∽8·6–9·2 kbar) leading to the demise of St₁ and melting of Ms₁. In contrast, medium-grade metamorphism (M2) is characterized by the stable association of St₂+Qz. Quantitative geothermobarometry suggests T=520–570°C and P=6·1-6·8 kbar, and these results show good consistency with the average P, T estimates obtained from the THERMOCALC program. This metamorphic episode is probably coeval with the 900 Ma granulite facies metamorphic event in the EGGT. The superimposition of M2 over M1 probably has led to widespread retrogression of the high-grade rocks to medium grade, thereby giving the general impression of a greenschist to amphibolite facies gradation. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

北山南部富锰岩石的发现及成因

北山南部地区进行矿产地质调查,以查明矿产类型和分布情况。在长城系石英片岩中发现富锰岩石,其野外产出厚度0.5m,沿走向延伸4.6m,呈扁豆体形状,其上部为含锰灰岩与含锰磁铁石英岩,围岩为石英片岩。岩石颜色为黑色,致密块状,半金属光泽,染手。对采集的富锰岩石样品,化学定量分析,Mn为29.68%、30.59%、27.72%,Mn/Fe分别为9.2、9.8、8.7,P/Mn分别为0.00071、0.00078、0.00076。含锰灰岩Mn为4.62%～4.92%,含锰磁铁石英岩Mn为0.52%～1.54%。样品X射线衍射分析、物相分析与电子探针分析结果表明,矿物组成有菱锰矿(Rhodochrosite,MnCO_3)、软锰矿(Pyrolusite,MnO_2)、水锰矿[Manganite,MnO_2·Mn(OH)_2]、锰铝榴石[Spessartine,Mn_3Al_2(SiO_4)_3]、锰钙辉石[Johannsenite,CaMn(SiO_3)_2]、蔷薇辉石[Rhodonite,(Mn,Fe,Ca)_5Si_5O_(15)]、锰橄榄石(Tephroite,Mn_2SiO_4)等。笔者发现的富锰岩石与国外锰矿床的矿石相比较,其特征和主要矿物组合,类似于古元代巴西变质锰矿床、泥盆纪南乌拉尔变质锰矿床和白垩纪日本变质锰矿床。从野外富锰岩石产出的地质特征,结合室内样品测试分析结果,并对这些特殊矿物和锰含量的研究认为,①富锰岩石可能是在敦煌古老地块边部滨浅海环境沉积形成,锰的来源可能与陆源和热液流体有关;②在后期区域变质作用和接触变质作用中,砂岩变质成为石英片岩,灰岩中的菱锰矿、软锰矿和水锰矿部分变质成为含锰硅酸盐;③之后可能又发生了表生风化作用形成现今的富锰岩石;④富锰岩石的发现表明,该地区具有形成锰矿床的成矿地质环境。     

南天山古生代天合带特征及其讨论

中国南天山包括“中天山结晶轴”以南、塔里木盆地以北的天山地区。南天山古生代开合带初期是早古生代弧后盆地,经弧后扩张而发展成为有限洋盆,向西与哈萨克斯坦及吉尔斯斯坦境内的南天山洋连通,形成西宽东窄的楔形洋盆。在西部哈萨克斯坦境内洋盆发育较早,奥陶纪蛇绿岩分布较广;在中国境内奥陶纪仍为弧后盆地性质,含化石的奥陶系为浅海相－半深海相的碳酸盐岩及碎屑岩沉积。志留纪开始南天山弧后盆地逐渐扩张成洋,洋盆沿长阿     

Geochemical contrast between the Sanbagawa psammitic schists (Oboke unit) and the Cretaceous Shimanto sandstones in Shikoku, Southwest Japan and its geologic significance

Abstract A systematic geochemical study of sandstones from the Cretaceous Shimanto Supergroup and psammitic schists from the Oboke unit in Shikoku has been carried out in order to clarify the depositional age of the protoliths of the Oboke psammitic schists. The geochemical data, together with chronological and geologic data, led to the following conclusions. (i) It is inferred that Oboke psammitic schists are metamorphically equivalent to sandstones in the Hiwasa Formation of the Shimanto accretionary complex, deposited in a trench area during the Campanian, in eastern Shikoku. (ii) The protolith attained to maximum metamorphic conditions within 20 million years after the deposition. (iii) The accumulation of a large amount of coarse-grained clastic sediments in the trench area induced offscraping and underplating of the sediments in the subduction zone, forming the Hiwasa Formation and Oboke unit, respectively.     

Regional progressive high-pressure metamorphism, Seward Peninsula, Alaska

Abstract Blueschist-facies rocks on the Seward Peninsula constitute a structurally coherent terrane measuring at least 100 × 150 km. Radiometric age data indicate that high-pressure metamorphism probably occurred in Jurassic rather than in Palaeozoic or Precambrian time, as previously suggested. Protolith sediments (Nome Group) are of intracontinental basin or continental margin type, and of lower Palaeozoic and possibly late Precambrian age, thus predating the high pressure metamorphism by more than 200 m.y. Blueschist-facies mineral assemblages were developed in almost all lithologies of the Nome Group, and are best preserved in FeTi-rich metabasites (glaucophane + almandine + epidote) and pelites (glaucophane + chloritoid + phengite). A lawsonite–crossite subfacies was developed in possible Nome Group rocks on the east flank of the Darby Mountains. Albite–epidote–amphibolite facies assemblages characterize Nome Group rocks in the southwestern part of the Peninsula. Metamorphism in the central zone of the terrane passed from early lawsonitic to subsequent epidote–almandine–glaucophane schist subfacies with the local development (east of the Nome River) of eclogitic assemblages. The high pressure metamorphic minerals were synkinematic with the development of mesoscopic-scale intrafolial isoclinal folds and a flattening foliation of consistent orientation. Initiation of uplift probably corresponded to the growth of barroisite rims on earlier sodic and actinolitic amphiboles, and partial post-kinematic greenschist facies replacements record later stages of decompression. Ophiolites and melange are not associated with the Seward Peninsula blueschists. The high-pressure metamorphism was caused by tectonic loading of a continental plate by an allochthon of indeterminate origin. The PT conditions of high pressure metamorphism were approximately 9–11 kbar, 400–450°C, thus falling between the PT paths of the Shuksan and Franciscan terranes.     

吉林荒沟山铅锌矿区含矿碳酸盐建造中角闪绿泥片岩原岩恢复及其地质意义

本文主要根据野外地质产状,结合其岩石化学和稀土元素地球化学方法对吉林荒沟山铅锌矿区含矿碳酸盐建造中角闪绿泥片岩的原岩进行恢复,其结果为拉斑玄武质火山碎屑岩,属大陆拉斑玄武岩系列。并对其作为矿区的标志层,成矿作用圈闭的隔挡层,暗示本区岩石构造环境属大陆裂谷带,指示成矿物质初始来源可能是幔源等地质意义作了初步探讨。     

Asymmetric X-ray diffraction peak of metamorphosed carbonaceous material

Abstract It was revealed that the asymmetric X-ray diffraction peak of metamorphosed carbonaceous material was a combination of two types of symmetric peaks from the coaly material and graphite crystallite. Numerical synthesis using the two symmetric peaks shows the graphitization process observed in a metamorphic sequence is accompanied by a continuous change of the peak shape and apparent interplanar spacing. Based on the analytical results and geological observations, it is suggested that graphitization of carbonaceous material consists of two processes: (i) the formation of graphite crystallites at the expense of the coaly material through the formation of transitional material and the increasing abundance of crystallites which is observed in the chlorite zone; and (ii) growth of crystallites forming well-ordered graphite, which occurs in the higher-grade zone.     

论“低温榴辉岩套”——洋-陆碰撞带的典型标志

本文提出了低温榴辉岩套的特征及鉴别标志,并论述了其空间分布、岩石组、合、成岩条件及其地质意义。