海浪方向谱阵列资料实例分析

根据傅氏级数展开法和贝叶斯方法,对现场获得的阵列资料进行了方向谱实例分析。结果表明,实测风浪方向谱能量的相对分布与相应的波场类型密切相关。涌浪和由稳定风场引起的风浪方向谱各组成波能量相对于方向呈单峰对称分布。大风引起的风浪方向谱能量的相对分布,虽也近似为单峰,但对称性差。不同波场类型的风浪方向谱各组成波的谱密度极值方向不同,表明不同频率的组成波有不同的主方向。     

成都粘土孔隙性的微观研究

孔隙是土结构的重要标志之一,其特征对土的工程地质性质有很大影响。本文介绍了应用结构图象定量分析系统对成都粘土孔隙性的微观研究成果并对孔隙的大小、数量、形状、类型和定向程度等形态和几何特征进行了讨论。     

云南弥渡黄矿厂铅银矿矿床成因

矿区位于三江地槽褶皱系和扬子准地台之间的丽江—大理台缘过渡带南缘,大地构造位置特殊,地质构造复杂,岩浆活动强烈而频繁,成矿地质条件较好。认为矿床成因为火山喷流沉积型透镜状-似层状铅银多金属矿床。     

热液金刚石压腔在流体包裹体研究中的应用——以川西甲基卡伟晶岩型矿床为例

流体包裹体是赋存在矿物中的流体样品,均一实验是以其研究成岩成矿流体演化的重要步骤和内容。但某些深成岩或矿床中的流体包裹体,如我国川西甲基卡伟晶岩型锂矿中的富CO2包裹体,因具有较大的内压,当利用传统的热台在1个大气压下加热时,容易发生爆裂而无法观测到均一行为和均一温度。因此,本文利用热液金刚石压腔(HDAC),以H2O为压力介质对流体包裹体施加外压,完成了甲基卡矿床No.134号脉石英中富CO2包裹体的均一实验。实验结果表明,随着外压的增大,均一温度呈降低的趋势,说明流体包裹体在被捕获后并非严格的等容,从而警示我们以后再对深成矿床中具有高内压的流体包裹体进行显微测温时应选用HDAC以获得更为可靠准确的数据。补充富CO2包裹体的均一实验数据后,石英中的H2O-CO2-NaCl包裹体表现出良好分异现象,随着均一状态自液态CO2→CO2与H2O临界相→液态H2O相变化,均一温度和盐度也随之降低,且比锂辉石中的包裹体具有更低的盐度和更大的温度变化范围。这些热力学特征说明,在锂辉石型伟晶岩形成过程中,锂辉石和石英先后结晶,分别主要捕获富子晶包裹体和H2O-CO2-NaCl包裹体,同时Li+不断向锂辉石结晶前锋聚集,使参与流体的Li+含量降低,致使石英中流体包裹体的盐度呈现出降低的趋势。     

Characteristics of Breccias and C-O-Sr-S Isotope Geochemistry of the Duocaima Pb-Zn Deposit in Tuotuohe, Qinghai Province: Implications for the Ore-forming Process

The Duocaima carbonate-hosted Pb-Zn deposit is a newly found large deposit in the southern area of Qinghai Province.In this paper, the characteristics, genesis, significance to Pb-Zn mineralization of the widely developed breccias, and the ore-forming process have been carefully studied based on geological documentation of drilling holes, microscopic observations of petrography and microstructure and some stable isotope measurements.Based on the compositions of the clast and matrix, the breccias can be classified into three types: limestone clasts cemented by marl; limestone clasts with fine-grained calcareous materials; and limestone clasts cemented by hydrothermal calcite.The mineralization in the first type of breccia is weak, whereas it is strong in the latter two types of breccias.According to the locations of occurrence and structural characteristics of the breccias along with the relationship between the breccias and mineralization, part of the limestone clasts that are cemented by marl and outcrop in the contact zone between the Wudaoliang Formation(Nw) and the underlying Jiushidaoban Formation(Pj) are attributed to synsedimentary fault-genetic breccia, whereas the last of the limestone clasts that are cemented by marl and developed in the Jiushidaoban Formation(Pj) are attributed to the breccia generated by karst cave collapse; the limestone clasts with fine-grained calcareous materials and the limestone clasts cemented by hydrothermal calcite are attributed to breccia formed by hydrothermal dissolution.The breccia formed by karst collapse had consistently evolved for a long period of time, while the breccias with other origins were formed around the period of mineralization(i.e., about or slightly later than 20–16 Ma).The breccia generated by karst cave collapse and hydrothermal dissolution are somewhat related; the formation of the breccia from karst cave collapse provided open space for the later mineralization and reaction between hydrothermal fluids and host rocks, and the subsequent strong dissolution by hydrothermal fluids transformed some of the breccia formed earlier by karst cave collapse.Meanwhile, carbonate host rocks with breccias and brecciaed mineralization can be a potential sign of Mississippi Valley Type(MVT) deposits and important indicators for regional mineral exploration.The δ13CV-PDB, δ18OVSMOW, and 87Sr/86 Sr values of hydrothermal calcite in the Duocaima deposit range from 4.3‰ to 7.1‰, 14.9‰ to 20.1‰, and 0.707494 to 0.708185, respectively; the δ13CV-PDB, δ18OV-SMOW, and 87Sr/86 Sr values of the host limestones of the Jiushidaoban Formation range from 3.6‰ to 5.3‰, 18.0‰ to 20.5‰, and 0.707372 to 0.707945, respectively.The δ13CV-PDB and 87Sr/86 Sr values of hydrothermal calcite and limestone are similar, indicating single sources of C and Sr in this deposit, with the likely source being the limestone of the Jiushidaoban Formation.The minor scattering of the δ18OV-SMOW values suggests that different O isotope fluids underwent the isotope exchange reaction.The C-O-Sr isotope characteristics indicate that the host limestones experienced a dissolution and precipitation process during mineralization, which is beneficial to improving the porosity of host rocks and promoting the precipitation of metal sulfides.The δ34SV-CDT value of the breccia-type mineralization sulfides ranges from-30.4‰ to-0.3‰; that is, the δ34SV-CDT value is negative with considerable variation, illustrating that during the breccia-type mineralization process, the bacteriogenic reduction of sulfates provided the vast majority of sulfur, whereas the thermochemical reduction of sulfates was relatively unimportant.The brecciation that occurred as a result of karst cave collapse was mainly generated by the dissolution of groundwater; however, the brecciation related to hydrothermal dissolution and mineralization processes were caused by mixing of different fluids.     

保山金厂河大型铜铁多金属隐伏矿床

隐伏矿床位于金厂河隆起核部上、下两层矽卡岩化带中,垂向上Pb、Zn—Cu、Cu、Fe—Fe多层楼结构,水平上Fe、Cu—Pb、Zn—Cu分带。属热液交代矽卡岩型铜铁多金属矿床。     

香格里拉陆家村银金多金属矿矿化特征及找矿标志

研究区浅部以断裂破碎带控制的热液脉型Cu、Au、Pb、Ag矿床为主,深部形成斑岩型Cu、Mo矿床。矿体受地层及断裂构造双重控制。硅化、黄(褐)铁矿化与矿化关系最为密切,是主要的围岩蚀变,亦为主要的找矿标志。     

A study of eclogitic diamonds and their inclusions from the Finsch kimberlite pipe, South Africa

Previous studies of diamonds from Finsch have shown that eclogitic inclusions are rare at Finsch and that the eclogitic garnet and clinopyroxenes are iron and manganese-rich. In order to expand the current database of information, 93 eclogitic diamonds were selected for this study. Eight diamonds were polished into plates for cathodoluminescence studies and infrared examination of diamond growth and 31 diamonds were cracked to retrieve inclusions. The eclogitic garnets analysed in this study are enriched in Fe and are relatively depleted in Ca and Mg relative to worldwide data. FeO contents for garnet range from 15 to 27 wt.% and MnO contents reach a maximum value of 1.6 wt.%. The eclogitic clinopyroxenes have relatively high FeO contents, up to 14.8 wt.% and K₂O contents are low (<0.4 wt.%). Three non-touching garnet–clinopyroxene mineral pairs produce equilibration temperatures of 1138–1179 °C at an assumed pressure of 50 kb. No Type II diamonds were found during this study, all diamonds are of Type IaAB. Total nitrogen contents of Type IaAB diamonds range from 11 to 1520 ppm, with variable aggregation states (up to 84% nitrogen aggregated as B-defects). Distinct infrared characteristics suggest that the Finsch kimberlite sampled either more than one mantle source region of similar age but differing temperature, or two different populations of diamonds with different ages. The diamonds provide evidence of changing mantle conditions during crystallisation. Continuous diamond growth is illustrated by the presence of regular octahedral growth zones, although in some diamonds cubic growth is noted. One diamond shows evidence of platelet degradation, suggesting exposure to high temperatures and/or shearing stresses.     

新平大红山铜铁矿床控矿因素及成因分析

大红山铜铁矿床是我国著名的大型铁铜矿床之一。对成矿地质背景、矿床地质、矿体特征等综合研究,分析矿床控矿因素,提出矿床成因为火山-喷发沉积变质型,建立了成矿模式。     

小兴安岭平顶山一带早侏罗世花岗岩类年代学、地球化学特征及其地质意义

小兴安岭平顶山大地构造位于兴蒙造山带东段,隶属松嫩地块。本文对小兴安岭平顶山一带碱长花岗岩和正长花岗岩进行了锆石U-Pb年代学和岩石地球化学研究,以确定其形成时代、岩石成因及大地构造背景。结果显示：碱长花岗岩形成于（189±3） Ma,正长花岗岩形成于（191±3） Ma,同为早侏罗世岩浆事件演化的产物;岩石具有高硅（w（SiO₂）为75.00%~77.60%）、富碱（w（K₂O+Na₂O）为7.13%~9.00%）、贫镁（w（MgO）为0.05%~0.45%）、贫钙（w（CaO）为0.17%~1.10%）、低磷钛（w（P₂O₅）为0.01%~0.07%,w（TiO₂）为0.09%~0.23%）的特点,A/CNK值为0.94~1.17,属于准铝质-弱过铝质、高钾钙碱性系列岩石;亏损高场强元素Nb、P、Ti、Ta和大离子亲石元素Ba、Sr,Rb、K、Th、Hf等元素具有明显的正异常;稀土元素总量（w（ΣREE））为（38.76~297.13）×10^-6,稀土配分曲线显示为轻稀土略微富集、重稀土较为平坦缓向倾斜的右倾型,具明显的负Eu异常。锆石饱和温度值及地球化学特征等多种证据显示,岩石为高分异的I型花岗岩。结合小兴安岭区域构造演化特征分析,研究区早侏罗世花岗岩类为松嫩地块与佳木斯地块沿嘉荫—牡丹江缝合带碰撞拼合后伸展环境下的产物,岩浆起源于下地壳火成岩物质的部分熔融。