中国东部岩石圈热状态与流变学强度特征

根据均衡原理制约的地热计算得到中国东部岩石圈的温度分布状态,以40、70、100km和莫霍面深度等温线图以及600°C、1100°C等温面深度的形式表示.同时计算了以1350°C等温面深度表示的中国东部的热岩石圈厚度.结果显示:在扬子克拉通西部四川盆地之下存在160～200km厚的岩石圈根,但在整个华北克拉通之下缺失岩...     

软弱下卧层上持力岩层的端阻力特征值取值

在分析岩体特征和岩体力学强度的基础上,从基于岩石抗拉强度的冲切破坏模式出发,建立起软弱下卧层上岩体的冲切安全指标和冲切端阻值系数数学模型,再利用岩石的力学性质经验数据,计算出沉积岩的拉压系数、冲切安全指标、端阻值系数,并对各自的特征进行了分析,认为以单轴饱和抗压强度为端阻力特征值取值指标,对于软弱下卧层上抗压强度大、拉...     

非饱和土抗剪强度随含水量变化的试验研究

在土力学中,非饱和土的抗剪强度一直是研究人员所关注的重点。土体的抗剪强度随含水量的不同变化明显。试验以云南某重塑土为研究对象,采用常规直接剪切试验为手段,对不同含水量土样的抗剪强度参数进行测定。试验结果表明,土样的抗剪强度不是单调地随含水量的增加而降低,而是呈现出有起有伏的抛物线状,对进一步认识土体强度随含水量变化规律有积极意义。     

基于承压强度的滨海旅游行为分异特征

在强调幸福的时代,承压强度和旅游行为的关系是值得特别关注的问题。以减压作用明显的滨海旅游目的地为对象,用演绎方法确定压力层次结构,以指标层问题设计测试语句,采用问卷工具以抽样调查手段获得基础数据,通过德尔菲法结合层次分析法得到承压强度值,采用聚类方法得到承压强度的人群类型,利用单因素方差分析和多重变量的交叉列联表分析,发现3种承压强度的人群类型在出游动机、获取信息途径、开支预算、目的地偏好、交通类型5个方面存在显著分异,在出游方式偏好、旅游社选择、旅游住宿3个方面分异不明显。根据研究结论进行管理思考,得到了一些有益的启示。     

Characteristics of dynamic strain and strength of frozen silt under long-term dynamic loading

The dynamic strain and strength of frozen silt under long-term dynamic loading are studied based on creep tests. Three groups of tests are performed (Groups I, II, and III). The initial deviator stresses of Groups I and II are same and the dynamic stress amplitude of Group II is twice as that of Group I. The minimum value of dynamic stress in Group III is near zero and its dynamic stress amplitude is larger than those of Groups I and II. In tests of all three groups there are similar change trends of accumulative strain, but with different values. The accumulative strain curves consist of three stages, namely, the initial stage, the steady stage, and the gradual flow stage. In the tests of Groups I and II, during the initial stage with vibration times less than 50 loops the strain amplitude decreased with the increase of vibration times and then basically remained constant, fluctuating in a very small range. For the tests of Group III, during the initial and steady stages the strain amplitude decreased with the increase of vibration times, and then increased rapidly in the gradual flow stage. The dynamic strength of frozen silt decreases and trends to terminal dynamic strength as the vibration times of loading increase.     

Concentration of trace elements and their sources in a snow pit from Yuzhu Peak, north-east Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau

In order to understand the potential influence of pollution from human activity on the natural cycle of trace elements in the atmosphere over the eastern Kunlun mountains, north-eastern part of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, concentrations of Al, Fe, Ba, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Li, Ni, Zn, Pb, Sb, Sr, U and V in a 75 cm-deep snow pit recovered from 5,800 m a.s.l. of the Yuzhu Peak Glacier on October 25, 2009, were determined by a sector field inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The results indicate that concentrations of the measured trace elements vary by orders of magnitude from one element to another ranging from the minimum value 1.2 pg/g (U) to the maximum value 293 ng/g (Fe); the value of Max/Min ranges from 7 pg/g (Sd) to 358 pg/g (Li). EFc values of measured trace elements show that there are other important sources except dust for Cd, Sb, Zn, Pb and Cu. Comparison of the concentrations of the measured trace elements with those in other areas in the Tibetan Plateau indicates that trace element concentrations for Yuzhu Peak are lower than those in east Tianshan and Muztagh Ata (Pamirs). Concentrations of some trace elements are also lower than those in East Rongbuk Glacier. However, concentrations of all measured trace elements are extensively higher than those in Greenland and the Antarctic.     

Analytical simulation of the dynamic compressive strength of a granite using the sliding crack model

A sliding crack model is employed to simulate rock strength under dynamic compression. It is assumed that the growth and nucleation of a sliding crack array presented results in the shear fault failure and dominate the mechanical properties of rock material. The pseudo‐tractions method is used to calculate the stress intensity factor of the sliding crack array under compression. With the utilization of a dynamic crack growth criterion, the growth of the sliding crack array is studied and the simulated strengths of a granite under dynamic compression are correspondingly obtained. It is concluded that the simulated rock strengths increase with increasing strain rates at different confining pressures, and the rising rates have a trend to decrease with increasing confining pressures. It is also indicated that the simulated rock strengths increase with increment of confining pressure at different strain rates, and the rising rates are almost identical at different strain rates. The simulation results are validated by the experimental data for the granite. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

ENHANCING THE DECONVOLUTION OF NOISY CHROMATOGRAPHIC DATA BY JANSSON''S METHOD

In previous papers Jansson's method was found to be successful at deconvolving severely overlapped gaschromatographic peaks.In the most recent paper the method was evaluated with respect to quantitativeaceuracy,peak area and retention time repeatability.The problems associated with deconvolving noisydata and some alternatives which can improve the ability of Jansson's method to deconvolve noisy dataare discussed.These alternatives include presmoothing the data with a nine-point,third-order polynomialfilter and data reblurring.This paper will test these methods on peaks with various degrees of resolutionand signal-to-noise ratios.