陕西马元铅锌矿床中有机质的存在及其对成矿的作用

马元铅锌矿床位于扬子地台北缘,米仓山隆起带东段,是扬子地台周缘地区重要的铅锌矿床之一。矿体赋存于震旦系灯影组角砾状白云岩中,矿石中见大量沥青与闪锌矿、方铅矿紧密共伴生。为探讨马元铅锌矿床中有机质对铅锌成矿的作用,对矿床中的沥青、矿石及围岩进行了系统的矿相学、岩相学、显微测温、激光拉曼成分分析及碳同位素研究。结果表明: 矿床中有机包裹体发育,且有机包裹体中含有甲烷、乙烷、硫化氢、二氧化碳等组分;包裹体均一温度、沥青的镜质体反射率所计算的演化最大古地温与碳同位素特征显示,矿床中的有机质可能是由震旦系灯影组地层中的古油藏发生热裂解形成,古油藏的热裂解为成矿作用提供了还原环境,并为成矿流体中的金属离子沉淀提供了还原硫。     

Geology and Isotope Geochemistry of the Dongzhongla Pb–Zn Deposit in Tibet: Implications for the Origin of the Ore‐Forming Fluids and Storage Condition of Certain Metals

As a newly discovered medium‐sized deposit (proven Pb + Zn resources of 0.23 Mt, 9.43% Pb and 8.73% Zn), the Dongzhongla skarn Pb–Zn deposit is located in the northern margin of the eastern Gangdese, central Lhasa block. Based on the geological conditions in this deposit of ore‐forming fluids, H, O, C, S, Pb, Sr, and noble gas isotopic compositions were analyzed. Results show that δ¹⁸O_SMOW of quartz and calcite ranged from −9.85 to 4.17‰, and δD_SMOW ranged from −124.7 to −99.6‰ (where SMOW is the standard mean ocean water), indicating magma fluids mixed with meteoric water in ore‐forming fluids. The δ¹³C_PDB and δ¹⁸O_SMOW values of calcite range from −1.4 to −1.1‰ and from 5.3 to 15.90‰, respectively, show compositions consistent with the carbonate limestone in the surrounding rocks, implying that the carbon was primarily sourced from the dissolution of carbonate strata in the Luobadui Formation. The ore δ³⁴S composition varied in a narrow range of 2.8 to 5.7‰, mostly between 4‰ and 5‰. The total sulfur isotopic value δ³⁴S was 4.7‰ with characteristics of magmatic sulfur. The ³He/⁴He values of pyrite and galena ranged from 0.101 to 5.7 Ra, lower than those of mantle‐derived fluids (6 ± 1 Ra), but higher than those of the crust (0.01–0.05 Ra), and therefore classified as a crust–mantle mixed source. The Pb isotopic composition for ²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb, ²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁴Pb, and ²⁰⁸Pb/²⁰⁴Pb values of the ores were in the ranges of 18.628–18.746, 15.698–15.802, and 39.077–39.430, respectively, consistent with the Pb isotopic composition of magmatic rocks in the deposit, classified as upper‐crust lead. The ore lead was likely sourced partially from the crustal basement of the Lhasa Terrane. The initial (⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr)_i value from five sulfide samples ranged from 0.71732 to 0.72767, and associated ore‐forming fluids were mainly sourced from the partial melting of the upper‐crust materials. Pb isotopic compositions of ore sulfides from the Dongzhongla deposit are similar to that of the Yuiguila and Mengya'a deposit, indicating that they have similar sources of metal‐rich ore‐forming solution. According to basic skarn mineralogy, the economic metals, and the origin of the ore‐forming fluids, the Dongzhongla deposit was classified as a skarn‐type Pb–Zn deposit.     

腾冲棋盘石铅锌多金属矿成矿规律探讨

矿区位于腾冲西北部东河铁、铜、铅锌多金属成矿区,区内早白垩世花岗岩浆活动强烈,矽卡岩型矿床发育,形成众多铁、铜、铅、锌矽卡岩型矿床,是腾冲西北部重要成矿区,棋盘石矽卡岩型铅锌矿即是其中之一。矿床形成与早白垩世中酸性花岗岩关系密切,矿体位于上二叠统碳酸盐岩外接触带矽卡岩中。地层、岩体对矽卡岩及矿体的控制作用明显。     

EDTA滴定法测定锌矿石中锌方法的改进

对矿石中锌含量测定提出改进方案,回收率达98．2％-104．6％之间。RSD（n=12）为0．12％-3．57％,经标准样品及外部比对验证,分析结果可靠稳定,取得满意效果。     

激电中梯测量工作在多金属找矿中的应用

该项目在全面收集、分析研究前人资料的基础上,根据以往区域化探工作所圈定出的金异常和Cu、Pb、Zn多金属异常区,作为进一步找矿的靶区,根据金与硫化物关系极为密切的特点,采用了地球物理勘探电法中激发极化法,终于在测区发现了一条较为明显的近南北向激电异常带,反应了埋藏的极化体的存在,同时结合该区区域化探异常成果认为,该激电异常将是寻找金矿的有利地段。激发激化法物探测量工作方法的成功使用,为该区后续地质勘探工作进一步缩小了找矿靶区,预示了埋藏的金或多金属矿化体的存在。     

Pu, Cs and excess Pb in Russian Arctic sediments

The activity ratios of Pu and radiocesium isotopes have been used to delineate the major sources (such as global and close-in (debris) fallout, nuclear fuel reprocessing and fabrication plant effluents) in the environment. We have measured ²³⁸Pu, ^239,240Pu, ¹³⁷Cs, and excess ²¹⁰Pb concentrations in 107 surficial sediments as well as in 5 sediment cores collected in the summer months of 1993 and 1994 from the Ob and Yenisey Rivers (Russia) and the Kara sea. A comparison of the sediment core inventories of ^239,240Pu and ¹³⁷Cs, along with the ²³⁸Pu/^239,240Pu activity ratios, with those expected from global fallout allows us to estimate the relative amounts, if any, of reactor-derived ²³⁸Pu and ^239,240Pu from the dumped reactor sites in the study area.

In surficial sediment samples collected in 1993 and 1994, the ^239,240Pu concentrations varied between 4.2 and 856 mBq kg⁻¹, with a mean of 239 mBq kg⁻¹. In samples with a measurable ²³⁸Pu, the ²³⁸Pu/^239,240Pu activity ratios varied between 0.010 and 0.069, with an average value of 0.035 ± 0.014. This range can be compared to the average ²³⁸Pu/^239,240Pu activity ratio of 0.030 for the year 1993 from nuclear weapons testing and SNAP fallout obtained from soil studies, indicating very little (≤ 5%) additional sources of ²³⁸Pu to the sediments in the study area. The inventories of Pu in the 5 sediment cores from the study area varied between 2.67 ± 0.67 and 24.5 ± 2.2 Bq m⁻² with a mean value of 8.83 Bq m⁻². The ¹³⁷Cs concentrations in the upper 3 cm of the sediments varied between below detection limit to 71.4 Bq kg⁻¹, with a mean of 14.9 Bq kg⁻¹. The ¹³⁷Cs inventories in the 5 sediment cores varied between 156.7 ± 28.3 and 1600 ± 153.3 Bq m⁻², with a mean value of 583.3 Bq m⁻². The mean ratio of inventories of Pu to that of ¹³⁷Cs, 0.015, is comparable to the values in other places in the Arctic region. There is a significant correlation between total organic carbon and concentrations of ¹³⁷Cs, ^239,240Pu and ²¹⁰Pb, suggesting that organic matter-enriched fine particles are a likely carrier phase for these nuclides. The ratio of ¹³⁷Cs/^239,240Pu also suggests that most of these nuclides are derived from global fallout.     

多宝山铜矿田及其盲矿体的地球化学找矿模型

本文利用多宝山铜矿田的地球化学资料，依据一定的推测，建立了该矿田及其盲矿体的地球化学找矿模型。     

我国一些重要夕卡岩Pb-Zn多金属矿床的交代分带

在我国一些重要夕卡岩Ｐｂ－Ｚｎ多金属矿床中，交代矿化分带十分明显，主要表现为围绕侵入体接触带或热源中心向碳酸盐围岩方向１，呈现有规律的带状分布１。根据有关岩浆岩和矿化组合的不同，可大致划分为三个匀代分带序列，总的分带序列是：Ｆｅ（ＭＯ）－Ｆｅ－Ｓｎ－Ｓｎ（Ｗ）－Ｃｕ－Ｃｕ－Ｚｎ－Ｚｎ，Ｐｂ（Ａｇ）。     

Fluid Inclusion Microthermometry and Implications for the Mechanisms of Ore-Grade Gold Mineralization in Epithermal System, Lalab Orebody, Sibutad, Zamboanga del Norte, Philippines

The Sibutad gold deposit has gold associated in quartz veins. The most important of these is the Lalab orebody, which contains ore‐grade gold, predominantly, in milky quartz veins and veinlets. Here, alteration quartz and fine‐grained crystalline clear and milky quartz were formed from hydrothermal fluids in three stages, namely stages I, II and III. Fluid inclusion microthermometry was carried out on stage I milky quartz, stage II fine‐grained alteration quartz and stage III milky quartz ± barite veins and veinlets. Homogenization temperatures (T_H) are >248°C in stage I, 214–232°C in stage II and 186–239°C in stage III. These fluid inclusions have salinity between 1 and 2 wt% NaCl equivalent. In terms of gold assay, stage I drill‐core samples have gold grades 0.53–0.76 g/ton Au, stage II samples have 1.12–3.70 g/ton Au and stage III samples have 9.06–23.88 g/ton Au. This correlation suggests that gold was precipitated from the stage II and III fluids.