常见硫化物的氧化作用及其环境效应

自然或人为采矿活动暴露的硫化物矿物的氧化作用，常产生一定范围的次生地球化学异常和严重的环境污染，在黄铁矿，方铅矿，闪锌矿，毒砂等硫化物矿物氧化过程中，S，Pb,Cd,As等有害元素将被有效释放而进入水体，并通过大气－水－土壤－植物－动物等途径危害人类。     

吉林荒沟山铅锌矿床地质特征及矿床成因探讨

吉林荒沟山铅锌矿床赋存于中元古界老岭群珍珠门组白云石大理岩中,层控特征明显.通过对矿床地质、成矿元素Zn/Pb比值、方铅矿和闪锌矿中的微量元素、硫和铅同位素组成特征、矿物包裹体成分特征、矿源层特征等的讨论,认为本矿床为一沉积改造型层控矿床.沉积作用是本矿床成矿物质来源的基础,改造作用是形成本矿床的主要因素.珍珠门组是提供成矿物质来源的重要矿源层.     

新疆阿尔泰山南缘克兰盆地沉积构造演化与铅锌成矿

位于西伯利亚板块阿尔泰大陆边缘的克兰泥盆纪火山沉积盆地具有明显的非对称性,其沉积构造演化经历了三个阶段:早期酸性火山-沉积阶段、中期基性火山-沉积阶段、晚期碎屑沉积阶段。盆地构造演化的各阶段都伴随着特定的成矿作用,形成了相应的矿床类型。在早期酸性火山-沉积阶段,主要表现为英安质-流纹质酸性火山活动及VHMS型铅锌成矿作用;在中期基性火山-沉积阶段,主要表现为玄武质基性火山喷发及SEDEX型铅锌成矿作用;在晚期碎屑沉积阶段,主要表现为陆源碎屑沉积作用,成矿作用相对甚弱。     

锌锡复合掺杂纳米二氧化钛的光催化性能研究

采用溶胶—凝胶法制备了Zn2+、Sn4+复合掺杂的TiO2光催化剂,通过XRD、TEM、UV—Vis测试手段对样品进行分析,以对硝基苯酚为研究对象,对其进行光催化降解。结果表明:复合掺杂Zn2+、Sn4+提高了催化剂对波长在200—450 nm范围内的光的吸光度,发生"红移"。在氙灯激发下,其催化活性优于纯TiO2。     

河南支建铝土矿矿床地质特征研究

支建铝土矿位于三门峡-新安铝土矿成矿带上.通过对该矿床的地质勘探及综合研究认为,铝土矿赋存于石炭系上统本溪组中上部,含铝岩系具三个沉积旋回、四种岩性组合类型,浅部矿体为溶斗状,厚度变化明显,溶斗之间仅有极薄的铝土矿层相连,向深部变为似层状矿体,厚度较稳定.支建铝土矿形成于石炭纪大规模海进期内的短期海水退缩阶段.该铝土矿的沉积主要为一种高密度的碎屑流沉积体,属沉积型矿床.     

Approaches to equilibrium in the distribution of trace elements among the principal minerals in a high-grade metamorphic terrane

X-ray fluorescence, instrumental neutron activation, and particle-induced X-ray emission methods were used to determine the distribution of numerous trace elements among garnet (Grt), Ca-pyroxene (Cpx), hornblende (Hbl), biotite (Bt), plagioclase (Pl) and K-feldspar (Kf) in a high-grade metamorphic terrane within the Grenville Province of the Canadian Shield. Results are presented as distribution formulae, e.g. Sr: Kf 1.1 Pl 16 Hbl 2.2 Cpx 1.0 Bt 1.2 Grt Sc: Hbl 1.1 Cpx 1.0 Grt 7.8 Bt 22 Pl 2.6 Kf V: Hbl 1.15 Bt 2.07 Cpx 6.0 Grt (1.4% CaO)>1 (Pl, Kf) Zn: Bt 1.6 Hbl 1.62 Cpx 2.9 Grt 10 Pl Ga: Bt 1.2 Hbl 1.2 Pl 2.5 Cpx 1.3 Grt where numbers are distribution ratios, e.g. ppm Sr in Hbl/ppm Sr in Cpx=2.2. Examples of inter-element similarities and differences are (a) both Rb and Cs are concentrated in biotite relative to K-feldspar, but for Rb the ratio is 2.3 and for Cs it is 16, (b) the distribution formulae for seven lanthanides are similar except for the position of garnet, e.g. Ce: Hbl 2.7 Cpx 2.8 Pl 1.1 Bt 11 Kf 16 Grt Yb: Grt 2.8 Hbl 2.7 Cpx 9 Pl 1.0 Bt 7 Kf and (c) all of Sr, eight lanthanides, Zr, V and Cr are concentrated in hornblende relative to Ca-pyroxene by a factor that lies in the narrow range of 2.2–3.1. There is a larger variation (departure from the mean) in some distribution ratios than in others. Thus the mean ratios (Hbl/Cpx) for each of six elements and in parentheses the percentage relative standard deviation are Zn 1.62 (8.6), V 2.38 (12), Cr 2.42 (18), Sr 2.7 (28), Ba 2.9 (36) and Ni 1.66 (38). We suggest that variation of this kind is the result of differences from place to place in the magnitude of deformation and recrystallization (which facilitated the rearrangement of atoms), combined with rates of lattice and crystal-boundary diffusion that are unique for the various elements, thus permitting some trace elements to approach equilibrium more closely than others.     

矿体线框模型编辑器的设计与开发

矿体建模是矿山可视化的重要内容之一。在矿体建模过程中,模型编辑是建模的关键环节。本文从软件开发的角度,探讨了三维矿体线框模型编辑器的设计与开发方法。介绍了开发环境、建模方法、空间数据模型以及模型编辑等关键技术,并重点讨论了人机交互编辑的具体实现过程。该编辑器已经能够在三维可视化环境中交互绘制矿体剖面轮廓线,并通过轮廓线快速地构造矿体的线框模型。最后以矿体断面图为实例验证了该编辑器的有效性和易操作性。     

江西武山铜矿区新发现钨矿（化）体特征和其成因——来自矿相学、白钨矿原位U-Pb年代学和元素地球化学的约束

钨和铜有明显不同的地球化学性质,但钨、铜在矿床中可以共伴生,原因还不清楚。长江中下游成矿带发育典型的斑岩-矽卡岩-层状铜（钨）多金属成矿系统,其中层状铜（钨）矿体成矿时代数据相对较少。作者以该带九瑞矿集区武山铜矿区新发现的钨矿（化）体为研究对象,开展了矿相学、白钨矿原位U-Pb年代学和元素地球化学的研究。研究发现,武山矿床具有层状、矽卡岩型、斑岩型3类铜矿体均有白钨矿矿化,矿床整体由浅至深存在Cu→Cu-W的分带规律。3类矿石中的白钨矿产状类似,充填在粗粒黄铁矿晶体间隙,或呈浸染状分布,被黄铜矿、闪锌矿等交代,产于退化蚀变阶段;其中斑岩中还存在少量晚世代白钨矿,与石英、黄铁矿共生,形成细脉并穿切花岗闪长斑岩,为石英-硫化物阶段产物。通过对退化蚀变阶段白钨矿进行测年和地球化学研究,作者获得了层状矿体含钨黄铜矿矿石中的白钨矿原位LA-ICP-MS U-Pb同位素年龄为（140.6±1.5）Ma,代表层状铜钨矿体成矿时代,在误差范围内与前人获得的斑岩、矽卡岩型矿体的成矿时代基本一致。层状矿体中白钨矿的稀土元素特征和Sr/Mo值符合岩浆热液矿床特征,相比矽卡岩型、花岗岩型白钨矿,层状矿体中白钨矿具有明显较低Mo含量,反映了形成于相对低氧逸度条件;另外,层状矿体中白钨矿具有正Eu异常和与围岩相近的高Y/Ho值的特征,推测其是流体充分交代了含碳围岩地层导致流体性质的明显改变,并且有利于白钨矿和黄铁矿的沉淀,可从深部黄龙组层间部位形成钨品位更富的黄铁矿矿石得到佐证。文章从白钨矿角度证实层状矿体是斑岩-矽卡岩成矿系统的重要组成部分,提出在九瑞矿集区已知铜矿床的深部,尤其是燕山期中酸性侵入岩与含碳质碳酸盐岩的接触带及黄龙组层位,是寻找富钨矿体的新找矿方向。白钨矿的U-Pb同位素定年为长江中下游成矿带层状矿体的成矿时代提供了新的可靠依据。     

Geology and mineralization of the Pulang supergiant porphyry copper deposit (5.11 Mt) in Shangri-la,Yunnan Province,China: A review

The porphyry copper belt in the Geza island arc in southwestern China is the only Indosinian porphyry copper metallogenic belt that has been discovered and evaluated so far. The Pulang porphyry copper deposit (also referred to as the Pulang deposit) in this area has proven copper reserves of 5.11×10⁶ t. This deposit has been exploited on a large scale using advanced mining methods, exhibiting substantial economic benefit. Based on many research results of previous researchers and the authors’ team, this study proposed the following key insights. (1) The Geza island arc was once regarded as an immature island arc with only andesites and quartz diorite porphyrites occurring. This understanding was overturned in this study. Acidic endmember components such as quartz monzonite porphyries and quartz monzonite porphyries have been identified in the Geza island arc, and the mineralization is mainly related to the magmatism of quartz monzonite porphyries. (2) Complete porphyry orebodies and large vein orebodies have developed in the Pulang deposit. Main orebody KT1 occurs in the transition area between the potassium silicate alteration zone of quartz monzonite porphyries and the sericite-quartz alteration zone. Most of them have developed in the potassium silicate alteration zone. The main orebody occurs as large lenses at the top of the hanging wall of rock bodies, with an engineering-controlled length of 1920 m and thickness of 32.5‒630.29 m (average: 187.07 m). It has a copper grade of 0.21%‒1.56% (average: 0.42%) and proven copper resources of 5.11×10⁶ t, which are associated with 113 t of gold, 1459 t of silver, and 170×10³ t of molybdenum. (3) Many studies on diagenetic and metallogenic chronology, isotopes, and fluid inclusions have been carried out for the Pulang deposit, including K-Ar/Ar-Ar dating of monominerals (e.g., potassium feldspars, biotites, and amphiboles), zircon U-Pb dating, and molybdenite Re-Os dating. The results show that the porphyries in the Pulang deposit are composite plutons and can be classified into pre-mineralization quartz diorite porphyrites, quartz monzonite porphyries formed during the mineralization, and post-mineralization granite porphyries, which were formed at 223±3.7 Ma, 218±4 Ma, and 207±3.9 Ma, respectively. The metallogenic age of the Pulang deposit is 213‒216 Ma. (4) The petrogeochemical characteristics show that the Pulang deposit has the characteristics of volcanic arc granites. The calculation results of trace element contents in zircons show that quartz monzonite porphyries and granite porphyries have higher oxygen fugacity. The isotopic tracing results show that the diagenetic and metallogenic materials were derived from mixed crust- and mantle-derived magmas.©2022 China Geology Editorial Office.