扬子板块北缘马元铅锌矿床有机地球化学特征及成矿作用

近年来,有机质与金属成矿关系研究备受关注.扬子板块北缘马元矿床铅锌矿体分布与古油藏、沥青在空间上叠置,是探索有机质与铅锌成矿关系的理想地区.矿区发育分散有机质、沥青、气态烃类等不同赋存形式的有机质,生物标志化合物特征明显,以低碳数正构烷烃为主,具浅海环境藻类来源特征,均处于过成熟演化程度.沥青206Pb/204Pb值为...     

西准噶尔构造带包古图地层小区上泥盆统红山梁组的建立及地质意义

西准噶尔构造带包古图地层小区白碱滩北红山梁剖面上新发现一套晚泥盆世红色“硅质岩、粉砂质硅质岩、凝灰质硅质岩”海相沉积组合,与上覆包古图组深灰色—灰黑色含碳粉砂岩呈整合接触。经区域对比确认,该套地层显著有别于研究区乃至整个西准噶尔构造带地层分区已发现的全部上泥盆统各组岩石地层,符合“野外可识别、界面可区别、区域可对比、图面可表达”的原则,据此新建红山梁组。本次于红山梁组枕状玄武岩、玄武岩、安山岩中分别获得365. 9±5. 0 Ma、370. 6±7. 4 Ma和374. 6±3. 6 Ma的LA- ICP- MS锆石U- Pb年龄,佐证其时代为晚泥盆世。红山梁组与包古图组连续沉积之确认,消除了包古图组老于希贝库拉斯组这一存疑,建立了完整的下石统地层序列,新增了包古图地层小区泥盆纪的沉积记录,为区域沉积与构造演化研究提供了新资料。     

伟晶岩中不同副矿物U-Pb同位素定年和示踪的问题与应用

定年和示踪一直是伟晶岩成岩成矿过程和稀有金属富集机制研究的关键问题。副矿物不仅是伟晶岩中稀有稀土元素的重要载体,还蕴含丰富的微量元素并常常具有较高的U- Th含量,是研究伟晶岩年代学、成岩成矿过程和物质源区的“理想探针”。伟晶岩中常用的适合于U- Pb同位素定年的副矿物有锆石、铌钽铁矿、独居石、锡石、榍石、褐帘石、磷钇矿和磷灰石等。由于封闭温度、矿物学特性和不同性质流体中元素行为的差异,伟晶岩中不同副矿物的U- Pb系统常表现出复杂的年龄谱系,可能记录了伟晶岩中潜在的后期地质过程,如：自交代、后期变质与流体改造等。因此,基于前期光学显微镜、扫描电镜、冷阴极发光、激光拉曼光谱分析等矿物微观结构研究,对不同期次或世代的副矿物进行原位微区U- Pb定年及主微量元素和同位素地球化学分析,对于全面认知多期地质事件和伟晶岩成岩成矿过程演化历史,进而更准确地构建其构造- 岩浆- 热液- 成矿作用时空框架具有重要的科学意义。     

云南金顶铅锌矿床成矿流体与流体的稀土元素研究

金顶铅锌矿床流体包裹体的显微测温和流体的稀土元素特征表明:金顶矿区成矿流体均一温度为54℃～309℃,平均143℃,盐度(ω(NaCl),下文同)为1.6%～18.0%,平均6.0%.在矿区,由东向西、由北向南温度逐渐降低,而盐度从东向西稍有降低,但是从北向南却是增加的.从第一矿化阶段到第三矿化阶段,稀土总量和LREE/HREE都是逐步增加的,轻稀土富集程度逐步增强,并且轻、重稀土内部分异程度也由轻稀土分馏程度大于重稀土分馏程度变为重稀土分馏程度大于轻稀土分馏程度,并且流体有从还原环境向氧化环境转变的趋势.     

珠江口盆地惠州凹陷古近纪源汇过程及其控储作用

源汇系统定量化研究是沉积学领域的前缘,是精细重构源汇过程、指导油气储层预测的重要手段。利用重矿物和锆石U Pb年龄对珠江口盆地惠州凹陷惠州27转换带进行物源示踪、定量恢复源区沉积物相对贡献,进而重构古近纪源汇过程,探讨源汇控储作用。研究结果表明,中始新统文昌组重矿物类型复杂、ZTR指数(碎屑岩中碎屑锆石（Zircon）、电气石（Tourmaline）、金红石（Rutile）在透明重矿物碎屑中所占的比例)小,上始新统恩平组重矿物类型简单、ZTR指数大。研究区文昌组—恩平组主要受盆内中生界岩浆岩基底和盆外珠江水系供源。其中文昌组沉积物98%来自于盆内中生界岩浆岩基底;下恩平组沉积物58.4%来自于盆外珠江东北部支流、36.5%来自于盆内中生界岩浆岩基底;上恩平组沉积物73.7%来自于盆外珠江东北部支流、22.2%来自于盆内中生界岩浆岩基底。研究认为,恩平组沉积期现代珠江尚未形成,但珠江东北部支流（即古珠江）已独立发育且携带大量华夏地块碎屑物质汇入惠州凹陷,导致了惠州27转换带“文昌期盆内近源—恩平期盆外、盆内混源”的源汇转换过程,而非简单的“盆内近源—盆外远源”转换。源汇转换过程改变了恩平组储层的岩石组分,进而改善了储层物性,也使得其储层非均质性变强。本研究定量解析了惠州凹陷古近纪源汇转换过程,为陆相断陷盆地定量源汇及其应用提供了新视角。     

宁芜地区玢岩铁矿Pb同位素研究

本文对宁芜地区铁矿床中磷灰石和矿石进行了Pb同位素测定。磷灰石的208Pb-232Th等时线年龄为124Ma,与辉长闪长(玢)岩和钠长石岩的形成年龄均相吻合,为成矿时代与成岩时代相近提供了佐证。岩体长石Pb同位素显示,宁芜地区中生代火成岩的原始岩浆受到了大陆壳深部3.3Ga的古老岩系的混染。矿床中矿石铅主要来自赋矿母岩浆。成矿流体具有异常高的Th/U值,表明Th相对U的明显富集,这可能反映了流体中卤素为主要的矿物质迁移载体。     

Maximum depositional age estimation revisited

In a recent review published in this journal,Coutts et al.(2019)compared nine different ways to estimate the maximum depositional age(MDA)of siliclastic rocks by means of detrital geochronology.Their results show that among these methods three are positively and six negatively biased.This paper investigates the cause of these biases and proposes a solution to it.A simple toy example shows that it is theoretically impossible for the reviewed methods to find the correct depositional age in even a best case scenario:the MDA estimates drift to ever smaller values with increasing sample size.The issue can be solved using a maximum likelihood model that was originally developed for fission track thermochronology by Galbraith and Laslett(1993).This approach parameterises the MDA estimation problem with a binary mixture of discrete and continuous distributions.The‘Maximum Likelihood Age’(MLA)algorithm converges to a unique MDA value,unlike the ad hoc methods reviewed by Coutts et al.(2019).It successfully recovers the depositional age for the toy example,and produces sensible results for realistic distributions.This is illustrated with an application to a published dataset of 13 sandstone samples that were analysed by both LA-ICPMS and CA-TIMS U–Pb geochronology.The ad hoc algorithms produce unrealistic MDA estimates that are systematically younger for the LA-ICPMS data than for the CA-TIMS data.The MLA algorithm does not suffer from this negative bias.The MLA method is a purely statistical approach to MDA estimation.Like the ad hoc methods,it does not readily accommodate geological complications such as post-depositional Pb-loss,or analytical issues causing erroneously young outliers.The best approach in such complex cases is to re-analyse the youngest grains using more accurate dating techniques.The results of the MLA method are best visualised on radial plots.Both the model and the plots have applications outside detrital geochronology,for example to determine volcanic eruption ages.     

王安镇岩体岩石地球化学特征及成因探讨

王安镇岩体是我国东部太行山-大兴安岭中生代构造岩浆带中规模最大、岩石类型最多的代表性岩体之一,该岩体由早期、主期和晚期三期岩石组成。本文通过对王安镇岩体三期岩石主量元素、稀土元素、微量元素和Sr、Nd、Pb同位素的系统研究,发现该岩体主期岩石(花岗闪长岩、二长花岗岩和少量石英闪长岩)具有与埃达克岩类似的独持的岩石地球化学特征:SiO_2≥56％,Al_2O_3≥15％,低Y(4.20～12.68μg/g)而高Sr(518～861μg/g)和Sr/Y值(60.19～178.10),LREE强烈富集(La/Yb)_N=34.06～76.91,HREE强烈亏损Yb=0.44～1.00,Sr、Eu无明显异常,高场强元素(如Nb,Hf和Ti)相对亏损,I_(Sr)值为0.7060,ε_(Nd)(t)均为负值(-16.29～-14.27),ε_(Sr)(t)均为正值(+23.7～+25.0),应属于埃达克质岩,但又与俯冲板片熔融形成的埃达克岩的地球化学组成明显不同,推测可能是由于晚中生代区域内热地幔物质是“蘑菇云”状上涌,使热侵蚀面抬升到地壳底部,导致玄武质下地壳在高压下发生部分熔融的产物。而早期和晚期岩石则属于非埃达克质岩,早期为基-中性岩石(角闪石岩、辉长岩和闪长岩),富Mg、Fe,LREE富集,Eu呈正异常,富集相容元素而亏损不相容元素,I_(Sr)=为0.7056,ε_(Nd)(t)=-16.72～-10.92,推测是华北地台岩石圈富集地幔部分熔融的产物,     

大别-苏鲁超高压榴辉岩中Pb同位素分析的实验技术研究

通过对大别-苏鲁超高压榴辉岩样品的分析,详细报道了铅质量分数较低样品的制备、质谱分析以及发射剂的配制等实验技术.标准样NBS981测定的内部精度小于0.25×10-3,外部精度小于0.4×10-3,与证书推荐值的相对误差在0.1×10-3～0.9×10-3之间,榴辉岩样品的分析精度均小于0.25×10-3.文中对发射剂的作用机理、干扰元素的影响进行了探讨.     

Extensional collapse of the Gondwana orogen: Evidence from Cambrian mafic magmatism in the Trivandrum Block,southern India

The assembly of Late Neoproterozoice Cambrian supercontinent Gondwana involved prolonged subduction and accretion generating arc magmatic and accretionary complexes, culminating in collision and formation of high grade metamorphic orogens. Here we report evidence for mafic magmatism associated with post-collisional extension from a suite of gabbroic rocks in the Trivandrum Block of southern Indian Gondwana fragment. Our petrological and geochemical data on these gabbroic suite show that they are analogous to high Fe tholeiitic basalts with evolution of the parental melts dominantly controlled by fractional crystallization. They display enrichment of LILE and LREE and depletion of HFSE with negative anomalies at Zre Hf and Ti corresponding to subduction zone magmatic regime. The tectonic affinity of the gabbros coupled with their geochemical features endorse a heterogeneous mantle source with collective melt contributions from sub-slab asthenospheric mantle upwelling through slab break-off and arc-related metasomatized mantle wedge, with magma emplacement in subduction to post-collisional intraplate settings. The high Nb contents and positive Nbe Ta anomalies of the rocks are attributed to inflow of asthenospheric melts containing ancient recycled subducted slab components and/or fusion of subducted slab materials owing to upwelling of hot asthenosphere. Zircon grains from the gabbros show magmatic crystallization texture with low U and Pb content. The LA-ICPMS analyses show ²⁰⁶ Pb/²³⁸ U mean ages in the range of 507-494 Ma suggesting Cambrian mafic magmatism. The post-collisional mafic magmatism identified in our study provides new insights into mantle dynamics during the waning stage of the birth of a supercontinent.