西昌地区地方震尾波衰减Q值

基于单次散射模型的尾波动功率谱分析法,利用西昌遥测台网地震波实时处理系统记录的２４个地震数字化波形资料,计算了西昌地区地球介质对应于１３个不同的ＱＣ值,在１．０－２０．０Ｈｚ频率范围内,以幂函数ＱＣ＝ＱＣｆ＾ｎ拟合ＱＣ值随的变化关系,其中Ｑ０值在４３．０－８２．４之间,ｎ值在０．２４－０．９４之间,平均值分别为６６．２和０．５３。     

Streamflow estimation using optimal regional dependency function

The determination of spatial dependency of regionalized variable (ReV) is important in engineering studies. Regional dependency function that leads to calculation of weighting coefficients is required in order to make regional or point‐wise estimations. After obtaining this dependency function, it is possible to complete missing records in the time series and locate new measurement station. Also determination of regional dependency function is also useful to understand the regional variation of ReV. Point Cumulative Semi‐Variogram (PCSV) is another methodology to understand the regional dependency of ReV related to the magnitude and the location. However, this methodology is not useful to determine the weighting coefficient, which is required to make regional and point‐wise estimations. However, in Point Semi‐Variogram (PSV) proposed here, weighting coefficient depends on both magnitude and location. Although the regional dependency function has a fluctuating structure in PSV approach, this function gradually increases with distance in PCSV. The study area is selected in Mississippi river basin with 38 streamflow stations used for PCSV application before. It is aimed to compare two different geostatistical models for the same data set. PSV method has an ability to determine the value of variable along with optimum number of neighbour stations and influence radius. PSV and slope PSV approaches are compared with the PCSV. It was shown that slope slope point semi‐variogram (SPSV) approaches had relative error below 5%, and PSV and PCSV methods revealed relative errors below 10%. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

地下水-陆生植被系统研究评述

依赖于地下水的生态系统广泛分布,潜水含水层本身是个生态系统,地下水不仅维持许多水生生态系统,而且是干旱-半干旱地区陆生植被生存的重要水源。研究地下水与植被的相互联系是生态水文地质学的主要组成部分,重点介绍地下水-植被系统的研究方法。植被吸收的地下水量占总蒸腾量的比例是评价植被依赖地下水程度的一个定量指标,蒸腾量比例呈季节性与区域性变化,取决于植被类型、地下水位埋深与动态变化、土壤岩性与气候条件。植被总蒸腾量可以用涡流相关系统测量。地下水的蒸腾量可以用植物茎流计测量,或者用地下水位昼夜变化估算。用同位素混合模型也能估算地下水占总蒸腾量的比例。植被对地下水位下降的响应可能有两种形式,一种是线性比例响应,另一种是临界突变响应,只有通过长期系统观测植被长势与地下水位的变化才能利用统计分析建立两者响应关系。目前,植被-水文模型只能模拟植被冠层截流与蒸腾对土壤水与地下水的影响,或者模拟土壤水-地下水对植被生长的影响,地下水与植被相互作用与反馈的耦合模型还是个空白。     

Characterization of fisheries dependence in Galicia (Spain)

The management of marine ecosystems requires adequate knowledge of both environmental and human dimensions, as well as their interrelationships. In this study, the aquaculture and fisheries activities are analyzed in one of most important fishing regions in Europe, Galicia (NW Spain). In particular, the intensity and characteristics of the fishing dependency are evaluated in terms of income and employment. Thus, nine marine economic activities for nine Maritime Zones have been defined, considering the social and economic relevance of the provided ecosystem services to these communities. This paper highlights the entire Galician coast as fishing-dependent, independently of the urbanization level. Furthermore, the contribution of different fishery segments to the income and employment of these coastal communities is reviewed, including fluctuations on whether the activity is small or large-scale. Finally, this study establishes a strong relationship among the marine activities, which generate most employment, and the regulatory framework of the Regional Government. Therefore, the conclusions are relevant to design and implement policies that affect Galicia׳s Region and all its related marine ecosystems.     

Phase Chemistry Study of the Dangxiongcuo Salt Lake Brine:Isothermal Evaporation at 25℃

正Production of lithium carbonate from brines has become the dominate trend in the world from the beginning of this century.Dangxiongcuo,a carbonate-type salt lake,is located in the interior of the Tibetan Plateau,China.As a salt lake deposit,rich in Li,B,K and other useful trace     

人居环境治理视域下地质文化村建设路径研究

地质文化村是脱贫攻坚和乡村振兴背景下衍生出的乡村地质遗迹保护和开发利用相结合的新概念,目前正在全国多地推广设立,现有研究主要集中在内涵分析和规划设计方面,其具体建设过程中缺乏科学的路径参考。本研究从乡村人居环境治理的视角出发,首先,在讨论的基础上将地质文化村归类于人居环境“景区化治理”的一种形式;其次,基于扎根理论的研究方法将筛选的39篇“人居环境治理”主题文献作为研究资料,利用NVivo11对文献内容进行编码,构建了“人居环境治理”主题分析框架;最后,在归纳和借鉴人居环境领域研究成果的基础上,从“响应国家战略”、“建设思路”、“保障措施”“建设手段”四个方面提出了地质文化村的建设路径。     

东秦岭石界河群中石榴石成分环带所记录的PTt轨迹

位于河南省西峡县北部地区的石界河群榴云片岩中的石榴石发育有很好的结构和成分环带。本文应用微分热力学方法对其环带成分进行计算,确定出一条顺时针方向的PTt轨迹。该轨迹与应用矿物共生组合世代关系确定的PTt轨迹十分吻合。     

THE DEMOGRAPHIC CONSEQUENCES OF METROPOLITAN POPULATION DECONCENTRATION IN THE U.S.

Although the recent growth in the nonmetropolitan population of the U.S. is now well documented, little attention has been given to the consequences these trends will have on the future composition and growth of metropolitan and nonmetropolitan regions. This paper discusses the feedback effects of migration on the future age structure and population growth of both regions during the period 1975–2000.     

1961-2008年中国西南地区极端气候变化幅度的海拔效应(英文)

A total of 12 indices of temperature extremes and 11 indices of precipitation ex-tremes at 111 stations in southwestern China at altitudes of 285-4700 m were examined for the period 1961-2008. Significant correlations of temperature extremes and elevation in-cluded the trends of diurnal temperature range, frost days, ice days, cold night frequency and cold day frequency. Regional trends of growing season length, warm night frequency, coldest night and warmest night displayed a statistically significant positive correlation with altitude. These characteristics indicated the obvious warming with altitude. For precipitation extreme indices, only the trends of consecutive dry days, consecutive wet days, wet day precipitation and the number of heavy precipitation days had significant correlations with increasing alti-tude owing to the complex influence of atmospheric circulation. It also indicated the increased precipitation mainly at higher altitude areas, whereas the increase of extreme precipitation events mainly at lowers altitude. In addition, the clearly local influences are also crucial on climate extremes. The analysis revealed an enhanced sensitivity of climate extremes to ele-vation in southwestern China in the context of recent warming.     

Editorial Notes and News

Abstract

Thubten Jigme Norbu. Tibet Is My Country. As told to Heinrich Harrer; translated from the German by Edward Fitzgerald. E. P. Dutton &; Co., 300 Park Avenue South, New York 10, N.Y., 1961. 264 pages with color illustrations. $5.00.

Miriam Schlein. The Sun, The Wind, The Sea and The Rain. Abelard-Schuman Limited, 6 West 57 Street, New York 19, N.Y., 1960. 38 pages with illustrations by Joe Lasker. $2.75.

Robert L. Pendleton with the assistance of Robert C. Kingsbury and others. Thailand: Aspects of Landscape and Life. An American Geographical Society Handbook. Duell, Sloan and Pearce, 60 East 42nd Street, New York 17, N.Y., 1962. xv and 321 pages with table of contents, photographs, maps, charts and index. $10.00.

Stuart R. Tomkins. Life in America: Alaska. Revised edition. The Fideler Company, Grand Rapids 2, Michigan, 1961. 128 pages with table of contents, photographs, glossary and index. $2.48.

Harry C. Rubicam, Jr. Men at Work in the Great Plains States. G. P. Putnam's Sons, 200 Madison Avenue, New York 16, N.Y., 1961. 123 pages with table of contents, photographs, notes and index. $3.00.

Winifred Hammond. Rice: Food for a Hungry World. Coward-McCann, Inc., 210 Madison Ave., New York 16, N.Y., 1961. 160 pages with table of contents, references, maps, photographic illustrations and index. $3.50.

John C. and Elsie F. Caldwell. Our Neighbors in the Philippines. The John Day Company, Inc., 200 Madison Avenue, New York 16, N.Y., 1961. 45 pages with table of contents, photographs and illustrations by Heidi Ogawa. 12.00.

Sidney H. Gould, editor. Sciences in Communist China. (Pub. No. 68) American Association for the Advancement of Science, Washington, D.C., 1961. 872 pages with table of contents, tables and author, geographical and subject indexes. $14.00.

Gilbert F. White, editor. Papers on Flood Problems. Research Paper No. 70. Department of Geography, Rosenwald Hall, University of Chicago, Chicago 37, Illinois, 1961. 228 pages with illustrations. $4.00.

D. D. Harris and D. A. M. Lea. A Regional Geography of South Australia. Whitcombe and Tombs Pty., Ltd., 20 Bond Street, Melbourne, C. 1, Australia, 1961. 168 pages with table of contents, maps, diagrams and index. About $2.75.

Richard M. Highsmith, Jr., editor, and Jon M. Leverenz, cartographer. Altas of the Pacific Northwest: Resources and Development, 3rd edition. Oregon State University Press, Corvallis, Oregon, 1962. 168 pages with table of contents, photographs, tables, plates and index. $5.00.

Wiliam Lytle Schurz. Brazil, The Infinite Country. E. P. Dutton &; Co., 300 Park Avenue South, New York 10, N.Y., 1961. 316 pages with table of contents, maps, supplementary reading list and index. $6.00.

Umberto Nobile. My Polar Flights. G. P. Putnam's Sons, 200 Madison Avenue, New York 16, N.Y., 1961. 288 pages with table of contents, illustrations, appendix and index. $4.50.

Robert Engler. The Politics of Oil: A Study of Private Power and Democratic Directions. The Macmillan Company, 60 Fifth Avenue, New York 11, N.Y., 1961. viii and 565 pages with table of contents, notes and index. $7.50.

Edwin Thompson Denig. Five Indian Tribes of the Upper Missouri: Sioux, Arickaras, Assiniboines, Crees, Crows. (Edited and with introduction by John C. Ewers.) University of Oklahoma Press, Norman, Oklahoma, 1961. 217 pages with 12 illustrations, 1 map, editor's bibliography and index. $4.00.

J. P. Cole and F. C. German. A Geography of the USSR: The Background to a Planned Economy. Butterworth Inc., 7235 Wisconsin Avenue, Washington 14, D.C., 1961. x and 290 pages with table of contents, appendixes, notes, glossary, bibliography and index. $8.50.

Jane and Paul Annixter. Horns of Plenty. Holiday House, 8 West 13th St., New York 11, N.Y., 1960. 203 pages. $2.95.

Richard J. Ward and Lawrence A. Hoffman, editors. Readings in Economic Geography from Fortune. Henry Holt and Company, 383 Madison Avenue, New York 17, N.Y., 1960. 130 pages with table of contents, maps and graphs. $1.50

Helen Wolff Vogel and Mary Leonard Caruso. Ocean Harvest: The Future of Oceanography. Alfred A. Knopf, 501 Madison Avenue, New York 22, N.Y., 1961. 14 pages with illustrations by John Kaufman. $3.00.

The New Rand McNally Pocket World Atlas. Cardinal Edition. Pocket Books, Inc., 630 Fifth Avenue, New York 20, N.Y., 1961. 295 pages with table of contents, maps covering 169 pages and index. 75 cents.

Lowdon Wingo, Jr., Transportation and Urban Land. Resources for the Future, Inc., 1775 Massachusetts Avenue, N.W., Washington 6, D.C., 1961. 132 pages with table of contents, figures and appendices. $2.00.

Paul Fenimore Cooper. Island of the Lost. G. P. Putnam's Sons, 200 Madison Avenue, New York 16, N.Y., 1961. 256 pages with table of contents, map of King William Island and selected bibliography. $4.00.

Rhoads Murphey. An Introduction to Geography. Rand McNally and Company, P.O. Box 7600, Chicago 80, Illinois, 1961. 699 pages with table of contents, illustrations, chapter-end bibliographies, questions for further study, statistical appendix and index. $7.75.

Jordan A. Hodgkins. Soviet Power: Energy Resources, Production and Potentials. Prentice-Hall, Inc., Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey, 1961. 190 pages with table of contents, maps, tables and 34 pages of appendix tables. $5.25.

Andrew A. Freeman. The Case for Doctor Cook. Coward-McCann, Inc., 210 Madison Avenue, New York, N.Y., 1961. 315 pages with table of contents, sources, notes and acknowledgments and index. $5.75.

Frances H. Kohan and Truda T. Weil. Juan's Adventures in Mexico. Noble and Noble, Publishers, Inc., 67 Irving Place, New York 3, N.Y., 1961. 183 pages with table of contents, chapter study helps, illustrations and suggested reading list. $3.00.