地学信息三维定量化提取与集成——以河南栾川钼矿区为例

三维地质建模与找矿靶区优选是当前国际地学研究的热点和难点。利用三维可视化技术和数学建模方法,通过自主研发GeoCube三维矿产资源预测与评价软件,实现了栾川钼矿区三维地学信息定量化提取与集成。在此基础上,开展多种数学建模方法集成对比及其网格单元划分的不确定性分析,认为证据权法具有稳健的三维空间集成分析特征,其三维环境中的预测远景靶区为该区深部找矿定位、定量研究提供了科学依据。研究成果为中国老矿山深部成矿定量预测技术方法研究提供借鉴。     

超临界流体萃取技术的应用及展望

简介了超临界流体萃取（ＳＦＥ）技术的发展,包括超临界流体（ＳＦ）的性质、可以形成最好的ＳＦ的物质、ＳＦ仪器、ＳＦＥ技术的历史及应用研究现状和对ＳＦＥ技术的展望。引用主要文献３７篇。     

Automatic parameter estimation applied on a groundwater model: The problem of structure identification

The properties of a Pleistocene aquifer located in NW Germany were evaluated by means of an inverse two-dimensional numerical model in the vertical plane. The steady-state drawdown recorded at the end of a pumping test was used to calibrate the model with a Gauss-Newton parameter estimation method. The results were analyzed within a formal statistical procedure by means of eigenvalues and eigenvectors. Although a mathematically meaningful value for the standard error can be obtained, the resulting set of permeabilities depends strongly upon the choice of the zonation pattern.     

豫陕小秦岭金矿带综合信息成矿预测

黑龙江鸡西麻山区民主南山石墨矿位于佳木斯—兴凯(地块)Fe-Au-P-石墨-矽线石成矿带（Ⅲ-53）中部,为一沉积变质大型晶质石墨矿床。矿石量为2 000多万t,矿物量为100多万t,固定碳平均品位为6.09%。赋矿层位为中-新元古界麻山岩群西麻山岩组和余庆岩组,分为上下2个含矿层,石墨矿体30条。通过全面分析民主南山石墨矿的矿床地质特征,总结其成矿规律,为在黑龙江东部佳木斯隆起麻山岩群西麻山岩组、余庆岩组寻找同类矿床提供参考。     

过硫酸钠修复土壤中多环芳烃的准确测定

多环芳烃(PAHs)是一类具有致癌、致突变、致畸的碳氢化合物,具有较高的辛醇-水分配系数,易被土壤颗粒吸附而影响环境和人体健康。过硫酸钠(Na₂S₂O₈)氧化法是近些年来国内外修复PAHs污染土壤较为常用的方法,但现阶段在测定修复后土壤中PAHs含量、进行土壤修复效果评估时亟待解决的问题是：经该方法修复的土壤,若土壤中残留有过硫酸钠,在样品前处理过程中由于提取温度较高,可能会进一步加速多环芳烃的氧化反应,从而影响土壤中PAHs的准确测定。本文建立了一种在修复后土壤中加入还原剂抗坏血酸,与残留的过硫酸钠反应生成脱氢抗坏血酸,采用索氏提取结合气相色谱-质谱法(GC-MS)同时测定土壤中16种PAHs的方法,PAHs加标回收率为76.2%～110.0%。而修复后土壤若不加还原剂直接进行索氏提取,用GC-MS测定,可能会使部分PAHs及替代物的测定不准确,PAHs加标回收率仅为6.0%～72.4%。通过对比分析表明,在样品提取前加入还原剂,可以有效地消除残留过硫酸钠的影响,提高测定修复后土壤中PAHs含量的准确性。     

Discovering Crustal Deformation Bands by Processing Regional Gravity Field

Objectives: This article presents a new computational procedure to discover scratches buried in the earth's crust. We also validate this new interdisciplinary analysis method with regional gravity data located in a well-known Dabie orogenic zone for test. Methods: Based on the scratch analysis method evolved with mathematical morphology of surfaces, we present a procedure that extracts information of the crustal scratches from regional gravity data. Because the crustal scratches are positively and highly correlated to crustal deformation bands, it can be used for delineation of the crustal deformation belts. The scratches can be quantitatively characterized by calculation of the ridge coefficient function, whose high value traces delineate the deformation bands hidden in the regional gravity field. In addition, because the degree of crustal deformation is an important indicator of tectonic unit divisions, so the crust can be further divided according to the degree of crustal deformation into some tectonic units by using the ridge coefficient data, providing an objective base map for earth scientists to build tectonic models with quantitative evidence. Results: After the ridge coefficients are calculated, we can further enhance the boundary of high ridge-coefficient blocks, resulting in the so-called ridge-edge coefficient function. The high-value ridge-edge coefficients are well correlated with the edge faults of tectonic units underlay, providing accurate positioning of the base map for compilation of regional tectonic maps. In order to validate this new interdisciplinary analysis method, we select the Dabie orogenic zone as a pilot area for test, where rock outcrops are well exposed on the surface and detailed geological and geophysical surveys have been carried out. Tests show that the deformation bands and the tectonic units, which are conformed by tectonic scientists based on surface observations, are clearly displayed on the ridge and ridge-edge coefficient images obtained in this article. Moreover, these computer-generated images provide more accurate locations and geometric details. Conclusions: This work demonstrates that application of modern mathematical tools can promote the quantitative degree in research of modern geosciences, helping to open a door to develop a new branch of mathematical tectonics.     

HNO3-KClO3-NH4Cl分解I2-CCl4萃取光度法测定矿石中的铜

利用HNO3－KClO3饱和液溶解矿样后，加NH4Cl蒸干破坏氮的氧化物，用六偏磷酸钠作掩蔽剂，采用I2－CCl4萃取光度法测定矿石中的铜，取得了较为满意的结果。     

Combination of single and sequential chemical extractions to study the mobility and host phases of potentially toxic elements in airborne particulate matter

Risk assessment of metals associated to airborne particulate matter (PM) has usually been based on the analysis of their total concentrations, which is a poor indicator of metal mobility. Chemical fractionation processes may provide an additional level of information, however, chemical complexity and small sample sizes do not allow to combine several extraction methods. Additionally, analysing the metal concentrations during the extractions exceptionally provides restricted information about metals’ speciation. To overcome these limitations we collected total suspended particulate matter (TSP) samples from the air filters placed in the air supply channel of methane-heated turbines of thermal power stations which allows collecting large amounts of TSP materials. Additionally, we combined single and sequential chemical extractions in which not only the concentrations of potentially toxic elements (PTE) (Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn) but also that of the major chemical components (Al, Ca, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, P, S, Ti) were analysed. Our aims were to study these metals’ mobility and speciation through the study of their association to major chemical components.Accumulation of the studied PTEs in the TSP material suggests moderate contamination for Ni, Cd and Cr whereas a heavy one for Cu, Zn and Pb. Three groups of these PTEs could be distinguished based on their mobility. The highly mobile Zn and Cd (large ratios of water and weak acid soluble fractions) can be considered as especially harmful elements to environment. The moderately mobile Pb and Cu (large ratios of reducible and oxidizable fractions, respectively) may potentially have a negative effect on the environment, whereas the immobile Cr and Ni cannot be expected to pose a serious risk. Based on the statistical evaluation of extraction data, the potential phases for Zn and Cu are presented by metal-sulphates, -nitrates, -chlorides, -carbonates and -hydroxides, as well as sorbed forms. Lead primarily hosted by metal-carbonates and sorbed forms, as well as by -hydroxides, whereas Cu by organic matter. Finally, Cr and Ni are mostly incorporated into very resistant phases, most probably by magnetite or other resistant metal-oxides.Combination of single and sequential extractions, as well as that of the analysis of not only the target elements but also the major chemical components were found to be a very effective tool to study the host phases of PTEs in the TSP material. The necessity for relatively large sample amounts for such analyses could be fulfilled using special sampling methodology; however, obvious disadvantages of this kind of sampling must be taken into account when resulted data are evaluated.     

Separation of Heavy Lanthanoids by Flash Column Chromatography for Precise Determination of Er and Yb Isotope Compositions in Rock Samples

We present a new column chemistry technique for the quantitative separation of heavy lanthanoids by an ultra‐fine‐grained LN resin (20–50 µm) with a specific emphasis on the purification of Er and Yb for their isotopic analysis. To achieve the quantitative separation of Er and Yb within a reasonable timescale, flash column chromatography was applied, where the column was attached to a newly designed vacuum box system, thus accelerating the elution speed by ten times compared with that of the normal column procedure operated by gravity flow. The recovery yields of Er and Yb were confirmed to be approximately 100%, which is important to suppress the effect of the mass‐independent fractionation of the Er and Yb isotopes during chromatography. Additionally, we have developed precise Er and Yb isotope measurements by thermal ionisation mass spectrometry (TIMS) using multistatic and/or dynamic methods. Moreover, in most cases, the Er and Yb isotope compositions of the measured four terrestrial rock samples were indistinguishable from those of the commercially available Er and Yb Alfa Aesar solutions. The new method presented in this work will be useful for future studies on heavy lanthanoids in various geological materials.     

基于BERT的金矿地质实体关系抽取模型研究

金矿实体关系的智能识别是提高金矿文献分析挖掘和知识提取的重要方法和途径.此次研究针对目前金矿实体关系抽取涉及到的核心问题,如金矿实体关系复杂、 人工标注信息少等特点,提出了基于BERT(Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformer)的远程监督关系抽取模型....