陆面—水文耦合模式的参数率定及改进研究

基于淮河流域的地形、岩石地质类型等空间分布特征,对陆面—水文耦合模式CLHMS1.0(Coupled Land Surface-Hydrological Model version 1.0)的河道曼宁糙率系数、水力传导度两个关键参数进行了率定;在此基础上,通过基于CLHMS1.0的多组敏感性试验,分析了河道曼宁糙率系数、水力传导度对CLHMS1.0模拟淮河流域水文过程的影响。研究结果表明,淮河流域上游王家坝子流域曼宁糙率系数的减小,可以显著提高模式对王家坝水文控制站上游模拟的水流流速,减小了模式对王家坝洪峰来临时间模拟偏迟的误差;依据淮河不同子流域的岩石地质类型选定更为合理的水力传导度参数后,模式对淮河流域河道流量等水文过程的模拟更为准确。利用参数率定后的CLHMS1.0对淮河流域1980~1987年逐日水文过程进行了模拟,与观测实况比较结果表明,采用了新的河道曼宁糙率系数和水力传导度参数后,模式对淮河流域逐日水文过程的模拟能力显著提高,且可以更合理地模拟出地表产流和地下水补给对流域河道流量的相对贡献。     

3D surface‐wave estimation and separation using a closed‐loop approach

Surface waves in seismic data are often dominant in a land or shallow‐water environment. Separating them from primaries is of great importance either for removing them as noise for reservoir imaging and characterization or for extracting them as signal for near‐surface characterization. However, their complex properties make the surface‐wave separation significantly challenging in seismic processing. To address the challenges, we propose a method of three‐dimensional surface‐wave estimation and separation using an iterative closed‐loop approach. The closed loop contains a relatively simple forward model of surface waves and adaptive subtraction of the forward‐modelled surface waves from the observed surface waves, making it possible to evaluate the residual between them. In this approach, the surface‐wave model is parameterized by the frequency‐dependent slowness and source properties for each surface‐wave mode. The optimal parameters are estimated in such a way that the residual is minimized and, consequently, this approach solves the inverse problem. Through real data examples, we demonstrate that the proposed method successfully estimates the surface waves and separates them out from the seismic data. In addition, it is demonstrated that our method can also be applied to undersampled, irregularly sampled, and blended seismic data.     

Optimized support vector regression algorithm-based modeling of ship dynamics

This study contributes to solving the problem of how to derive a simplistic model feasible for describing dynamics of different types of ships for maneuvering simulation employed to study maritime traffic and furthermore to provide ship models for simulation-based engineering test-beds. The problem is first addressed with the modification and simplification of a complicated and nonlinearly coupling vectorial representation in 6 degrees of freedom (DOF) to a 3 DOF model in a simple form for simultaneously capturing surge motions and steering motions based on several pieces of reasonable assumptions. The created simple dynamic model is aiming to be useful for different types of ships only with minor modifications on the experiment setup. Another issue concerning the proposed problem is the estimation of parameters in the model through a suitable technique, which is investigated by using the system identification in combination with full-scale ship trail tests, e.g., standard zigzag maneuvers. To improve the global optimization ability of support vector regression algorithm (SVR) based identification method, the artificial bee colony algorithm (ABC) presenting superior optimization performance with the advantage of few control parameters is used to optimize and assign the particular settings for structural parameters of SVR. Afterward, the simulation study on identifying a simplified dynamic model for a large container ship verifies the effectiveness of the optimized identification method at the same time inspires special considerations on further simplification of the initially simplified dynamic model. Finally, the further simplified dynamic model is validated through not only the simulation study on a container ship but also the experimental study on an unmanned surface vessel so-called I-Nav-II vessel. Either simulation study results or experimental study results demonstrate a valid model in a simple form for describing the dynamics of different types’ ships and also validate the performance of the proposed parameter estimation method.     

三峡水库建成后对长江河床演变影响的预测与对策

本文重点讨论了长江三峡水利枢纽建成后,水动力条件大大改变,必然会引起水库上、中、下游河床发生一系列的变化。如注入水库的各条支流,由于河流基准面被大大抬高,都会形成河口拦门沙和水下三角洲。分析了因入库河流基准面抬高,自然会引起水库上游河床的摆动变形。以及水库蓄水后,由于波浪、水流对库岸的侵蚀塑造作用和水库运营调蓄时,会产生动水压力和静水压力的变化,以及风浪的侵蚀、掏蚀,必然会大大引起库岸变形;对水库库区附近淹没、侵没和渗漏的影响;水库建成后,水库运营清水下泄时,由于含沙量大大减少,水的动能加大,任何水库都会引起其下游河道冲刷及河床变形,河床会发生演变,所以,三峡水库的河床也会有一个新的调整周期。     

轴准直器的参数测定

叙述了在保证观测高精度的要求下，配置轴准直器的必要性，介绍了轴准直器的测定原理和系统的众多参数，以及在对星过记录时刻修正值中剩下的几个必须测定的参数，并介绍了这些参数的测定方法和测定结果。     

DALSA 1024T CCD检测

１９９６年９月２日至９月６日云南天文台ＣＣＤ实验室对北京天文台太阳气球望远镜主探测器ＤＡＬＳＡＣＡ－Ｄ７－１０２４ＴＣＣＤ相机各种主要参数进行了检测,测试结果令人满意。     

实时动态GPS测量转换参数求解分析

随着GPS测量技术的不断进步,目前动态GPS技术,特别是实时动态载波相位差分（RTK）技术,已成为GPS测量技术发展中的一个新的突破。但由于GPS测量采用WGS-84坐标系统,而我国目前所采用的坐标系统为1954北京坐标系（或1980国家大地坐标系、地方坐标系统等）,高程基准为1956年青岛黄海高程系（或1985国家高程基准）,所以GPS—RTK测量时必须先求解转换参数,以便于测量成果的应用。转换参数的求解是RTK测量的基础,转换参数的精确程度是影响RTK测量精度的关键因素。     

新疆南天山西段地震波参数前兆识别预报指标及效能评价

系统总结了新疆南天山地区5个地震台记录的共计49年的地震波资料，提取了异常判据、预报指标，并对计算结果做了R评价。     

基于贝叶斯理论的AVO三参数波形反演

在实际的AVO反演问题中,叠前数据体中的噪声或其他因素严重影响了AVO反演问题的适定性,而采用先验地质信息作为AVO反演问题的约束条件是解决AVO反演问题不适定的一种可行方法. 文中的似然函数采用了[WTBX]ι[WTBX]p范数的解,并用Cauchy分布表示先验模型参数的分布. 以此为基础,在反演中建立了测井数据的参数协方差矩阵对反演过程进行约束,并采用了共轭梯度算法实现多参数非线性的反演过程. 同时,为了提高反演精度,避免动校正拉伸及依赖于炮检距的调谐效应对参数估计的影响,反演采用动校前地震数据进行参数估计. 从应用效果分析来看,即使叠前道集的信噪比不高,反演的结果也能较好地与实际情况相匹配,为识别储层流体性质提供了新的手段.     

粒子滤波非线性AVO反演方法

提出一种新的AVO非线性反演方法,即利用粒子滤波器来求解AVO非线性贝叶斯反演问题,利用随机带权样本逼近后验概率.论文首先论述了粒子滤波器的基本原理,包括状态转移模型与观测模型,权值预测与更新,重要性密度采样等粒子滤波器应用中的关键技术.然后建立了适合于AVO反演的粒子滤波器状态转移模型和观测模型.最后,利用该方法分别对模型数据和实际资料进行了反演计算.反演结果表明,该方法具有较好的稳定性,在AVO反演中具有的一定的应用潜力.同时对地球物理反演的其他问题求解也提供了一条新的途径.