谈影响无线胶订质量的几个因素——关于提高煤炭（田）地质行业印品质量的思考

胶订工艺是由配书、胶订、裁切、捆扎四个环节组成。着重探讨了影响胶订质量的主、客观因素：操作者的责任心和设备性能掌握情况以及热熔胶的抗拉强度、断裂延伸率、热熔胶粘度、硬度等。只有科学控制施工中各环节，才能有效提高书刊胶订质量。     

Tectonic correlations of pre-Mesozoic crust from the northern termination of the Colombian Andes, Caribbean region

Reconnaissance zircon U/Pb SHRIMP, Ar–Ar, and Sm–Nd geochronology, petrological, and geochemical data were obtained from selected localities of two pre-Mesozoic metamorphic belts from the northern termination of the Colombian Andes in the Caribbean region. The older Proterozoic belt, with protoliths formed in a rift- or backarc-related environment, was metamorphosed at 6–8 kb and 760–810 °C during Late Mesoproterozoic times. This belt correlates with other high-grade metamorphic domains of the Andean realm that formed a Grenvillian-related collisional belt linked to the formation of Rodinia. The younger belt was formed over a continental arc at <530–450 Ma in a Gondwanide position and metamorphosed at 5–8 kb and 500–550 °C, probably during the Late Paleozoic–Triassic, as part of the terranes that docked with northwestern South America during the formation of Pangea. A Mesozoic Ar–Ar tectonothermal evolution can be related to regional magmatic events, whereas Late Cretaceous–Paleocene structural trends are related to the accretion of the allocthonous Caribbean subduction metamorphic belts. Lithotectonic correlations with other circum-Caribbean and southern North American pre-Jurassic domains show the existence of different terrane dispersal patterns that can be related to Pangea’s breakup and Caribbean tectonics.     

扬子—华夏构造结合带的演化阶段及对斑岩铜矿形成的控制机制

扬子与华夏古板块均存在太古宙—中元古代古老基底,在构造演化历程中响应全球超大陆聚合-裂解过程,并最终碰撞拼贴形成钦-杭结合带,且经历构造运动之后,其总体演化格架为"两开三合一转折"。结合带内存在元古宙洋壳,以蛇绿岩套与镁铁质-超镁铁质岩石为特征,并以此推断结合带形成于新元古代。钦-杭结合带是斑岩成矿带,斑岩铜矿时空分布具有三段划分特征,且处于170~150 Ma和100 Ma左右两个成矿期。与成矿有关的斑岩主要为钙碱性岩浆系列的中酸性岩,岩石类型主要为花岗闪长斑岩、花岗斑岩和二长花岗斑岩等。钦-杭结合带燕山期的斑岩具岛弧岩浆作用特点,指示了华南地区中生代构造转折事件发生以前的地质演化及太平洋板块俯冲作用,即古俯冲带物质在中生代活化成矿。中侏罗世岩石圈减薄及太平洋板块俯冲的扰动导致上涌软流圈地幔带来大量的热量,这些热量加热上覆元古宙岛弧底部玄武质岩石导致它们发生重熔形成了含矿岩浆,本质上该类矿床带有岛弧俯冲环境的基因。而100 Ma左右斑岩铜矿的形成,则与太平洋俯冲换向所扰动有关。     

Avalonia,get bent!–Paleomagnetism from SW Iberia confirms the Greater Cantabrian Orocline

The amalgamation of Pangea formed the contorted Variscan-Alleghanian orogen,suturing Gondwana and Laurussia during the Carboniferous.From all swirls of this orogen,a double curve in Iberia stands out,the coupled Cantabrian Orocline and Central Iberian curve.The Cantabrian Orocline formed at ca.315–290 Ma subsequent to the Variscan orogeny.The formation mechanism of the Cantabrian Orocline is disputed,the most commonly proposed mechanisms include either(1)that south-westernmost Iberia would be an Avalonian(Laurussian)indenter or(2)that the stress field changed,buckling the orogen.In contrast,the geometry and kinematics of the Central Iberian curve are largely unknown.Whereas some authors defend both curvatures are genetically linked,others support they are distinct and formed at different times.Such uncertainty adds an extra layer of complexity to our understanding of the final stages of Pangea’s amalgamation.To solve these issues,we study the late Carboniferous–early Permian vertical-axis rotations of SW Iberia with paleomagnetism.Our results show up to 70
counterclockwise vertical-axis rotations during late Carboniferous times,concurring with the anticipated kinematics if SW Iberia was part of the southern limb of the Cantabrian Orocline.Our results do not allow the necessary penecontemporaneous clockwise rotations in Central Iberia to support a concomitant formation of both Cantabrian and Central Iberian curvature.The coherent rotation of both Gondwanan and Avalonian pieces of SW Iberia discards the Laurussian indenter hypothesis as a formation mechanism of the Cantabrian Orocline and confirms the Greater Cantabrian Orocline hypothesis.The Greater Cantabrian Orocline likely formed as a consequence of a change in the stress field during the late Carboniferous and extended beyond the Rheic Ocean suture affecting the margins of both Laurussia and Gondwana.     

从南大西洋裂解过程解密大陆漂移的驱动力

南大西洋裂解造成的非洲和南美洲的大陆分离到了广泛认可,该区域也与大陆漂移学说的诞生密切相关。但大陆漂移的驱动力从其提出至今一直存在争议,定量化分析大西洋裂解过程中板块运动的驱动力显得尤为重要。我们研究了南大西洋两侧被动大陆边缘盆地区域的两条深反射地震勘探剖面,在构造地质解译基础上,详细估算了非洲大陆的莫霍面倾角,得到了沿莫霍面地壳重力滑移剪切力的大小,用于解释大西洋裂解过程中非洲大陆运动的动力机制。结果说明,非洲大陆板块在地幔上涌形成的倾斜界面上能够产生强大的重力滑移力,且南部驱动力大于中部。大陆板块依靠连续的地幔热上涌和重力滑移力会持续漂移。该模型能够合理解释大西洋上诸多线状分布的大陆残片的成因机制,也能合理解释南大西洋南部宽度大于中部的内在原因,最后对南大西洋的打开过程进行了精细的构造演化史恢复。该研究为板块运动提供了一个新的动力模式,为认识板块运动驱动力提供了更为精确的约束信息。     

Magmatic source and metamorphic grade of metavolcanic rocks from the Granjeno Schist: was northeastern Mexico a part of Pangaea?

The geochemistry of the metavolcanic rocks from the Granjeno Schist in northeastern Mexico indicates an origin in different tectonic environments: mid‐ocean ridge and ocean island. High ratios of Hf/Th and Th/Nb (4.4–14 and 0.08–0.15), low ratios of LaN/YbN and LaN/SmN (0.74–1.7 and 0.60–1.4) and depleted LREE patterns in metabasalt display mid‐ocean ridge characteristics. In contrast, the pattern of trace‐element ratios and REEs in metabasalt and metapillow lava 60 km to the west indicates a magma source with ocean‐island basalt characteristics. Both areas were metamorphosed during the Late Carboniferous (300 ± 4 Ma). Estimated metamorphic conditions deduced from white mica and chlorite compositions, distinguish greenschist facies (350 °C and 4 kbar) for the mid‐ocean ridge basalt, and prehnite–pumpellyite facies (250 °C and 2.5 kbar) for the ocean‐island‐type basalt. This metamorphism took place at an active continental margin during Pennsylvanian time. Our new tectonic model, which differs from earlier models, suggests that the origin of the Granjeno Schist is related to a subduction zone located at the western margin of Pangaea, active after Laurentia–Gondwana collision. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

国际大洋发现计划IODP367/368/368X航次推动南海国际化海洋科考成果

在科技部的支持下, 中国在1998年加入国际大洋钻探计划(International Ocean Drilling Program, IODP), 迄今为止已组织了4+1个航次的大洋钻探。通过IODP-CPP (complimentary proposal project)项目, 我国科学家主导完成了349、367/368/368X多个钻探航次, 实现了对南海张裂—破裂—扩张发育历史的钻探和取样, 对南海生命史的研究起到了重要的约束作用。本文系统总结了367/368/368X航次在南海北部洋陆过渡带钻探取得的最新成果, 证实南海北部陆缘不同于伊比利亚型陆缘, 具有陆洋转换迅速的特点, 洋陆过渡带地壳内有一定程度的同张裂岩浆侵入和底侵。钻探航次在科学上取得了巨大的成功, 钻探结果提升了对陆洋转换过程和机制的认识。航次期间, 广泛而深入的国际交流与合作极大提升了中国科学家对钻探平台管理、国际大团队合作管理以及人才培养和科普互动等各方面的认识, 加快了中国海洋科考国际化的步伐。     

南海北部陆缘深水-超深水盆地成因机制分析

本文以海洋地质调查和油气勘探开发中积累的地质和地球物理资料的解释和分析为基础,描述和划分了南海北部被动陆缘地壳岩石圈结构构造单元,由陆向海划分出近端带、细颈化带、远端带和洋陆转换带（OCT,含边缘高地）四个构造单元.从细颈化带到OCT基本处于现今陆架坡折带之外的深水-超深水区的范围,以强烈的地壳薄化和发育大型拆离断层控制的拆离盆地为特征.这些深水-超深水盆地的同裂陷阶段均经历了早期均一断陷、中晚期拆离式断陷的演化过程,受控于南海北部大型拆离断层作用及其所导致的岩石圈临界破裂过程.新的深水-超深水盆地形成机理的认识为南海北部陆缘岩石圈的非瞬时伸展破裂过程的分析提供了新的视角,同时,陆缘深水-超深水盆地具有独特的构造-沉积体系配置和构造-热演化过程,将为科学评价南海北部陆缘深水-超深水盆地油气勘探潜力提供新的思路.     

On the Differences and Climate Impacts of Early and Late Stratospheric Polar Vortex Breakup

The stratospheric polar vortex breakup (SPVB) is an important phenomenon closely related to the seasonal transition of stratospheric circulation. In this paper, 62-year NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data were employed to investigate the distinction between early and late SPVB. The results showed that the anomalous circulation signals extending from the stratosphere to the troposphere were reversed before and after early SPVB, while the stratospheric signals were consistent before and after the onset of late SPVB. Arctic Oscillation (AO) evolution during the life cycle of SPVB also demonstrated that the negative AO signal can propagate downward after early SPVB. Such downward AO signals could be identified in both geopotential height and temperature anomalies. After the AO signal reached the lower troposphere, it influenced the Aleutian Low and Siberian High in the troposphere, leading to a weak winter monsoon and large-scale warming at mid latitudes in Asia. Compared to early SPVB, downward propagation was not evident in late SPVB. The high-latitude tropospheric circulation in the Northern Hemisphere was affected by early SPVB, causing it to enter a summer circulation pattern earlier than in late SPVB years.     

天水地区李子园高压麻粒岩的发现:西秦岭晚泥盆纪造山的证据

西秦岭造山带北缘的天水李子园地区发现一套高压石榴石单辉麻粒岩,在变质的早古生代岛弧火山-沉积岩系中呈透镜状岩块产出。其峰期矿物组合为石榴石+单斜辉石+角闪石+斜长石+钛铁矿/榍石。利用地质温压计得到的温压条件为T=757~792℃、P=1.3~1.5GPa,达到中压相系的高压麻粒岩相变质条件。LA-ICPMS锆石U-Pb定年显示,锆石变质增生边的谐和年龄为384±1.6Ma,表明高压麻粒岩相变质作用的时代为中-晚泥盆世。结合区域地质资料,这一期变质作用要晚于北秦岭造山带中普遍记录的中低压麻粒岩-角闪岩相变质作用,可能与商丹洋闭合之后碰撞造山阶段的地壳加厚过程有关。岩浆锆石核部的谐和年龄为796±2.2Ma,代表石榴石单辉麻粒岩的原岩形成年代。其锆石核部的Hf同位素组成变化较大,对应的εHf(t)值为-7.3~+13.2,显示出不同源区岩浆混合的特征或者陆壳混染。高压麻粒岩全岩地球化学特征同样显示其经历壳幔岩浆混合作用。结合原岩的形成时代、区域上与裂解相关的岩浆作用和构造背景,我们认为原岩可能是造山带垮塌伸展阶段的壳-幔岩浆混合作用的产物,可能与新元古代Rodinia超大陆裂解事件有关。