帕米尔-天山对冲带明尧勒背斜西南倾伏端晚第四纪褶皱变形

褶皱在三维空间的生长包括横向缩短、垂向隆升和侧向扩展.沿褶皱走向不同位置这3个分量的比重是不同的:在背斜中段以缩短和隆升为主;靠近背斜端部,在缩短和隆升的同时也会发生强烈的侧向扩展.前人研究主要集中在褶皱中段,对端部这一相对独特的构造位置研究较少.那么褶皱端部是如何生长变形的,与褶皱中段有何不同,伴随褶皱生长同步变形的河流阶地具有怎样的发育特征?对帕米尔-天山对冲带明尧勒背斜西南倾伏端的研究表明,研究区内的4期河流阶地在垂直褶皱轴向上均发生了强烈反向掀斜,越老的阶地面掀斜角度越大,背斜在西南端的生长是以翼旋转机制进行的.据T2b,T3b,T4a的细颗粒石英光释光年龄及下伏基岩的磁性地层年龄可得46°等斜岩区在距今约0.35Ma、(93.9±18.7)ka、(82.6±16.5)ka和(19.4±2.9) ka时期旋转角度大致呈抛物线曲线函数递减,平均旋转速率依次为＞(0.13±0.01)°/ka、(0.08±0.02)°/ka、(0.05±0.01)°/ka和(0.04±0.01)°/ka,呈明显减小趋势,但该等斜岩区吸收的缩短速率大致保持恒定.河流阶地在发生掀斜和抬升变形的同时,也发生了向西的侧向扩展变形:由东向西,T3a和T4a阶地面上冲沟密度、宽度和下切深度明显减小,阶地拔河高度、陡坎高度和旋转角度也呈减小趋势,这些均反映了背斜向西的侧向扩展.据喀浪勾律克河谷和背斜西南剖面的磁性地层年代学结果,背斜向西侧向加长的速率恒定为16.0 ～ 16.8mm/a.     

帕米尔高原东缘中深源地震特征探讨

对帕米尔东缘区域中深源地震与浅源地震进行波形对比,并使用交切法和Hyposat地震定位方法进行地震定位对比,从不同角度探讨该区域中深源地震特征.     

Mesozoic–Cenozoic Tectonic Evolution and Uplift in Pamir: Application of Fission Track Thermochronology

The Pamir Plateau can be divided into three secondary tectonic units from north to south: the North, the Middle and the South Pamir Blocks. The North Pamir Block belonged to the southern margin of Tarim-Karakum, thermochronological study of the Pamir structural intersection indicates that accretion of the Middle Pamir Block to the Eurasian Continental Margin and its subduction and collision with the North Pamir Block occurred in the Middle–Late Jurassic. Due to the Neo-Tethys closure in the Early Cretaceous, the South Pamir Block began to collide with the accretion(the Middle Pamir Block) of the Eurasian Continental Margin. Affected by the collision and continuous convergence between the Indian Plate and the Eurasian Plate since the Cenozoic, Pamir is in a multi-stage differential uplift process. During 56.1–48.5 Ma, North Pamir took the lead in uplifting, that is, the first rapid uplift in the Pamir region began there. The continuous compression and contraction of the Indian and Eurasian plates during 22.0–15.1 Ma forced the Pamir tectonic syntaxis to begin its overall uplift, i.e. Pamir began to enter the second rapid uplift stage in the Early Oligocene, which lasted until the Middle Miocene. During 14.6–8.5 Ma, South Pamir was in a rapid uplift stage, while North Pamir was in a relatively stable state, showing asymmetry of tectonic deformation in the Pamir region in space. Since 6.5 Ma, Pamir began to rapidly uplift again.     

GPS Observation and Study on Recent Crustal Movement in the Northeastern Area of Pamir,Xinjiang

Calculation of repeated observation data at the densified GPS monitoring network in northeastern area of Pamir together with data from IGS stations in the peribphyery of the area yielded the movement rate of more than 40GPS station sites in the area,and,hence,the recent crustal deformation rate pattern and time series of fiductial GPS stations in the area were obtained.The result indicates that the principal movement direction of the GPS station sites is NNW,basically diagonal to the strike of Tianshan fold belt,i.e.a normal compression occurs in the Tianshan region.The movement pattern near Jiashi and its southwestern zone is some different from that of station sites in their surrounding areas,indicating a certain relation of tectonic deformation in Jiashi area to seismic activity during last years.The movement rate of station sites in the periphery of Taim basin less varies and its direction is basically consistent It indicates less or basically no deformation within Tarim basin.     

塔里木盆地西部及邻区构造格局与演化

论述了塔里木盆地西部及邻区大地构造格局、沉积盆地、沉积建造及沉积地层层序及主要地质事件.将区域构造发展演化史概括为古陆核的形成,原始古陆的发展,古亚洲洋的产生与封闭,特提斯洋的形成、发展与消亡4大阶段.     

PETROLOGIC AND GEOCHRONOLOGIC STUDIES OF THE KONGUR SHAN DETACHMENT SYSTEM, CENTRAL PAMIR

PETROLOGIC AND GEOCHRONOLOGIC STUDIES     

中塔合作帕米尔地球化学调查成果与展望

帕米尔高原是由喜马拉雅山脉、喀喇昆仑山脉、昆仑山脉、天山山脉、兴都库什山脉交汇于此形成的一个巨大的山结。由于其特殊的地质构造位置和复杂的构造演化历史,形成了良好的成矿地质背景条件。依据中塔两国政府“双方地学领域科技合作谅解备忘录”精神,中塔两国合作组织实施了“塔吉克帕米尔成矿带地球化学调查”工作。完成3万km²地球化学填图任务,建立了工作区地球化学数据库,编制了系列地球化学图件。应用地球化学分析方法回答了测区资源潜力评价有关的地学问题,在此基础上编制了Ag、Au、Pb-Zn等8个元素(组)找矿预测图,共圈定各类找矿预测区136个。同时,也从地球化学角度解决了许多地质问题。为开展塔吉克帕米尔地区地质科学研究,了解帕米尔地区优势资源种类、分布地域、资源潜力等评价信息,快速缩小找矿靶区,实现找矿突破,改变地区资源分布格局等工作提供了可靠而丰富的地球化学基础资料。     

2008年新疆乌恰Mw6.7地震震源机制与形变特征的InSAR研究

2008年10月5日新疆乌恰M_w6.7级地震发生在南天山、帕米尔高原及塔里木盆地交汇地带,基于地震波反演的震源机制解确定的震源深度存在较大差异.本文利用日本ALOS卫星的PALSAR图像,获得了本次地震的同震形变场,基于卫星视线向（LOS）和方位向（Azimuth）的形变,采用均匀弹性半无限位错模型和有界最小二乘（BVLS）算法,以网格矩形位错元法对发震断层的几何产状、滑移及分布进行了估算,结果表明本次地震以逆断破裂为主,断层面上最大位错量接近3.4 m,形变中心位于73.8040°E,39.5335°N,深度约5 km,震级估算为M_w6.6;地震发生在走向46°,倾角48°的断层上,发震断层长30 km,宽14 km,闭锁深度9 km,符合该地区浅源地震多发的构造特点,发震断层为乌合沙鲁断裂带.InSAR反演的滑移形变主要集中于地下2~7 km,表明乌恰地震为浅源地震,可能与该断层附近历史地震未完全释放的残余应力积累有关.同时,InSAR反演的断层位错分布呈现双破裂特征,震级分别为M_w6.5和M_w6.1,可能与本次地震的主震和余震相对应,也可能是由主震激发而产生的两组破裂.     

帕米尔及邻区地壳上地幔P波三维速度结构的研究

研究了帕米尔及邻区(65°E-80°E,30°N-45°N,深度0-2km)的P波三维速度结构. 所使用的59054条初至P波到时数据取自ISC的73个台站对5402个地震的记录报告,这些地震和台站都在研究区内. 以水平面上1°×1°和不等的深度间隔(随深度在20-90km之间变化)划分网格并设置初始三维速度模型,用近似弯曲快速射线追踪方法计算走时和射线路径,用LSQR方法进行反演. 反演结果的分辨率用检验板方法进行了讨论,并引入了定量描述还原程度质量的两个参数. 初步结果表明:(1)天山山脉的km深度处,在东部和西部各有一个明显高速区,而在74°E、41°N附近的低速区可能与天山地表大断层在该处被大幅错开相关. 在75°E附近的天山山脉下,波速在40-60km深度偏高,而在60-90km深度(或更深)又偏低,反映了天山下方构造和物性的复杂性. (2)在由帕米尔构造"结"南侧往北直至天山以北的速度纵剖面上,显示了印度-欧亚板块在帕米尔构造"结"地区的强烈碰撞挤压作用:在抬高地面形成高原的同时,也把浅部速度较低的地壳岩石层介质俯冲拖曳到了深部.