阿尔金-康西瓦剪切-推覆系统和帕米尔推覆构造的遥感解析

通过对遥感图像的解译,发现了阿尔金康西瓦剪切推覆构造系统,并从宏观上阐述了它和帕米尔推覆构造的主要构造特征及两者间的复合关系。认为该系统使塔里木板块沿阿尔金左行平移断裂向WS仰冲于青藏地块之上,康西瓦断裂掩覆了阿什库勒、泉水沟等陆缘盆地和阿克赛钦隆起带,对研究区大地构造特征进行了全新的遥感构造解析。     

2016年阿克陶MS 6.7地震地表破裂特征和帕米尔现代构造应力场初步分析

帕米尔高原位于地中海－喜马拉雅地震带上,晚新生代以来随着印度板块向欧亚板块持续不断地挤压汇聚,其构造运动是欧亚大陆最强烈的地区。高原腹地发育一系列近SN向正断层,包括近SN向的塔什库尔干正断层所处的帕米尔中部现代区域的构造应力场以EW向水平拉张为主。2016年11月25日发生的阿克陶M_S 6.7级地震的发震构造为塔什库尔干断层分支的NWW向木吉盆地北缘断层,其具有右旋走滑兼正断性质。地震在震中附近产生同震地表形变带,全长约1km,呈近SN－NNE向水平拉伸,发育近EW—NWW向的张裂缝,为地震破裂的产物,张裂缝的最大水平拉伸位移量和最大垂直位移量分别为46cm和16cm。地表破裂带中的NE和NW向张剪裂缝只是连接贯通这些雁列的张裂缝,其水平相对位移量取决于张裂缝的水平拉伸量和张裂缝之间的几何关系。地表形变带表现的拉张性质与帕米尔高原腹地区域现代应力场最大主压应力为垂直向基本一致,可能与深部热物质上涌造成的上地壳拉伸有关。而地表形变带呈近SN向水平拉张,与区域近EW向拉张应力场之间存在显著差异,这可能是木吉盆地北缘右旋走滑正断层阶区局部应力场调整的结果。     

Radiocarbon and optically stimulated luminescence dating of sediments from Lake Karakul,Tajikistan

Lake Karakul in the eastern Pamirs is a large and closed-basin lake in a partly glaciated catchment. Two parallel sediment cores were collected from 12 m water depth. The cores were correlated using XRF analysis and dated using radiocarbon and OSL techniques. The age results of the two dating methods are generally in agreement. The correlated composite core of 12.26 m length represents continuous accumulation of sediments in the lake basin since 31 ka. The lake reservoir effect (LRE) remained relatively constant over this period. High sediment accumulation rates (SedARs) were recorded before 23 ka and after 6.5 ka. The relatively close position of the coring location near the eastern shore of the lake implies that high SedARs resulted from low lake levels. Thus, high SedARs and lower lake levels before 23 ka probably reflect cold and dry climate conditions that inhibited the arrival of moist air at high elevation in the eastern Pamirs. Low lake levels after 6.5 ka were probably caused by declining temperatures after the warmer early Holocene, which had caused a reduction in water resources stored as snow, ice and frozen ground in the catchment. Low SedARs during 23–6.5 ka suggest increased lake levels in Lake Karakul. A short-lived increase of SedARs at 15 ka probably corresponds to the rapid melting of glaciers in the Karakul catchment during the Greenland Interstadial 1e, shortly after glaciers in the catchment had reached their maximum extents. The sediment cores from Lake Karakul represent an important climate archive with robust chronology for the last glacial–interglacial cycle from Central Asia.     

帕米尔构造结结构特征与构造演化

位于印度—欧亚大陆碰撞造山带西段的帕米尔构造结,自震旦纪以来经历了长期的地体裂离、寒武纪至古新世俯冲增生、始新世的最终造山及始新世至全新世大型走滑—伸展、逆冲推覆及构造隆升,记录了最完整的特提斯演化及新特提斯洋关闭后陆内隆升过程。然而,对帕米尔不同地体的构造属性、原特提斯洋俯冲极性、古特提斯阶段是否存在双向俯冲、新特提斯洋俯冲导致的盆山耦合效应以及新生代大规模碱性岩浆活动的地球动力学背景等关键科学问题,仍存在很大争议。本文全面总结了前人对帕米尔构造结的研究成果,结合野外地质调查,对帕米尔构造结显生宙以来的构造演化过程做了概括性总结。研究表明,北帕米尔既不是塔里木前寒武纪基底的一部分,也不是三叠纪增生杂岩,它的主体是寒武纪原特提斯洋南向俯冲形成的巨厚增生杂岩（530~500Ma）。与昆仑—阿尔金不同的是,帕米尔地区的原特提斯洋在早古生代晚期并没有关闭,这一残留洋盆在古特提斯阶段再次扩张,形成了石炭纪—早中生代有限洋盆。随着古特提斯洋的双向俯冲,中、南帕米尔相继与北帕米尔地体发生汇聚,最终拼合的时间在180Ma左右。古特提斯洋俯冲、关闭伴随着新特提斯洋的打开和扩张,从晚侏罗世开始新特提斯洋沿Shyok缝合带北缘北向低角度或近水平俯冲（开始时间约为160~130Ma）,形成了南帕米尔—喀喇昆仑宽阔的岛弧岩浆岩带,并在中帕米尔及北帕米尔地区,发育与弧后伸展有关的地堑或半地堑沉积及具有板内特征的基性岩浆活动。新特提斯洋最终在始新世关闭（60~50 Ma左右）,导致南帕米尔与洋内俯冲形成的科西斯坦—拉达克洋内弧及印度板块的最终拼合,形成了帕米尔雏形。40Ma左右,由于俯冲板片的拆离,形成这一时期造山后碱性岩浆活动。此后,由于印度板块和欧亚板块的大陆岩石圈不断汇聚,帕米尔构造结的岩石圈厚度急剧增加,沿中帕米尔一带,可能是印度板块与欧亚板块岩石圈地幔的分界,近水平的相向俯冲导致了加厚岩石圈的拆沉,形成沿中帕米尔分布的巨量新生代碱性岩带（25~9 Ma）。     

帕米尔-天山对冲带明尧勒背斜西南倾伏端晚第四纪褶皱变形

褶皱在三维空间的生长包括横向缩短、垂向隆升和侧向扩展.沿褶皱走向不同位置这3个分量的比重是不同的:在背斜中段以缩短和隆升为主;靠近背斜端部,在缩短和隆升的同时也会发生强烈的侧向扩展.前人研究主要集中在褶皱中段,对端部这一相对独特的构造位置研究较少.那么褶皱端部是如何生长变形的,与褶皱中段有何不同,伴随褶皱生长同步变形的河流阶地具有怎样的发育特征?对帕米尔-天山对冲带明尧勒背斜西南倾伏端的研究表明,研究区内的4期河流阶地在垂直褶皱轴向上均发生了强烈反向掀斜,越老的阶地面掀斜角度越大,背斜在西南端的生长是以翼旋转机制进行的.据T2b,T3b,T4a的细颗粒石英光释光年龄及下伏基岩的磁性地层年龄可得46°等斜岩区在距今约0.35Ma、(93.9±18.7)ka、(82.6±16.5)ka和(19.4±2.9) ka时期旋转角度大致呈抛物线曲线函数递减,平均旋转速率依次为＞(0.13±0.01)°/ka、(0.08±0.02)°/ka、(0.05±0.01)°/ka和(0.04±0.01)°/ka,呈明显减小趋势,但该等斜岩区吸收的缩短速率大致保持恒定.河流阶地在发生掀斜和抬升变形的同时,也发生了向西的侧向扩展变形:由东向西,T3a和T4a阶地面上冲沟密度、宽度和下切深度明显减小,阶地拔河高度、陡坎高度和旋转角度也呈减小趋势,这些均反映了背斜向西的侧向扩展.据喀浪勾律克河谷和背斜西南剖面的磁性地层年代学结果,背斜向西侧向加长的速率恒定为16.0 ～ 16.8mm/a.     

帕米尔高原东缘中深源地震特征探讨

对帕米尔东缘区域中深源地震与浅源地震进行波形对比,并使用交切法和Hyposat地震定位方法进行地震定位对比,从不同角度探讨该区域中深源地震特征.     

GPS Observation and Study on Recent Crustal Movement in the Northeastern Area of Pamir,Xinjiang

Calculation of repeated observation data at the densified GPS monitoring network in northeastern area of Pamir together with data from IGS stations in the peribphyery of the area yielded the movement rate of more than 40GPS station sites in the area,and,hence,the recent crustal deformation rate pattern and time series of fiductial GPS stations in the area were obtained.The result indicates that the principal movement direction of the GPS station sites is NNW,basically diagonal to the strike of Tianshan fold belt,i.e.a normal compression occurs in the Tianshan region.The movement pattern near Jiashi and its southwestern zone is some different from that of station sites in their surrounding areas,indicating a certain relation of tectonic deformation in Jiashi area to seismic activity during last years.The movement rate of station sites in the periphery of Taim basin less varies and its direction is basically consistent It indicates less or basically no deformation within Tarim basin.     

塔里木盆地西部及邻区构造格局与演化

论述了塔里木盆地西部及邻区大地构造格局、沉积盆地、沉积建造及沉积地层层序及主要地质事件.将区域构造发展演化史概括为古陆核的形成,原始古陆的发展,古亚洲洋的产生与封闭,特提斯洋的形成、发展与消亡4大阶段.