西北太平洋热带气旋最佳定位的精度分析

用正交小波变换方法分析了近121年来季节的南方涛动指数与北大西洋涛动指数的演变特征，结果表明南方涛动指数（SOI）最显著的变化是周期约为2－7年的年际变化，它们的方差贡献率为55．1％。1920年以前和1960年以后SO年际及年代际变化较强，其余时段较弱。而NAOI最明显的变化是周期在2年以下的变化，方差贡献率为64．3％。近百年NAOI年际及年代际变化有减弱趋势。近百年来SOI有－0．52／百年的减小趋势，而NAOI有0．25／百年的增大趋势。SOI与NAOI的气候基本态之间有显著的负相关，在年代际和年尺度变化上它们相关不明显。近期北半球处于SOI低基本态高年际及年代际变率，NAOI高基本态低年际及年代际变率的慢变过程下。     

长期极移的成因

依据宋贯一等(2006)发表的"极移的成因及其移动特征"一文中的研究成果,对其中极移反向(由东向西)运动的时问分布进一步研究得知:在地球公转所处的四季位置中,自转极(北极)反向运动时间仅发生在当年的11月1日(立冬日为11月7、8日)到第二年的2月15日(立春日为2月4、5日)这一段时间之内;其它时间(季节)均为自转极正向(由西向东)运动时段.对比冬至日前后和夏至目前后极移的运动方向可知,它们相对太阳的运动方向虽然相反,由于它们分别处在轨道的东、西方向的两侧,从空间上看来,它们的运动方向却是一致的(即都是向自转极以西运动).基于上述原因,经过一个回归年的太阳光压激发之后,极移运动轨迹的年平均位置向CIO(国际极点)的西侧移动了.在下一个周年期激发时段,上述现象将在上一回归年极移年平均位置的基础上继续进行,逐年累积即形成长期极移.这就是周年期激发机制引起的长期极移及观测的极移运动轨迹均落在CIO西侧的原因.     

近三年来国际上天体测量研究的进展

本文简述近三年来国际上天体测量的研究进展 ,特别是依巴谷星表向暗星扩充、2 0世纪初照相观测改进自行的精度和巡天观测资料对特殊天体物理现象的检测等方面的研究动态。最后介绍了空间天体测量卫星DIVA、GAIA、SIM和FAME计划的进展。     

利用GPS观测资料划分现今地壳活动块体的方法

利用GPS观测资料研究地球动力学问题是目前地学中的热点。利用GPS观测的速率(或位移)计算网格点附近小区域的应变张量和转动的欧拉极．再运用聚类分析法对计算的欧拉极进行分类，由此划分出地壳活动的次级块体。最后以中国大陆GPS观测结果为例，将中国大陆划分为9个活动块体，通过比较发现，所得结果与目前其他方法给出的结果大体一致。     

Determination and interpretation of preferred orientation with texture goniometry: An application of indicators to maximum entropy pole- to orientation-density inversion

The probability density function of orientations of crystals generally cannot be measured directly without destruction of the specimen. Therefore it is usual practice to sample pole density functions of several crystal forms in diffraction experiments with a texture goniometer. Determining a reasonable orientation density function from experimental pole density functions is then the crucial prerequisite of quantitative texture analysis. This mathematical problem may be addressed as a tomographic inversion problem specified by the crystal and statistical specimen symmetries and the properties of the diffraction experiment. Its solution with maximum entropy preferred orientation portion and maximum uniform portion is proposed because it yields the most conservative orientation density function with systematically reduced correlation effects, thus avoiding artificial texture ghost≓ components caused by the specific properties of the diffraction experiment.     

Modelling the pole tide and its effect on the Earth's rotation

Summary. The pole tide is the response of the ocean to incremental centrifugal forces associated with the Chandler wobble. The tide has a potentially important effect on the period and damping of the wobble, but it is at present not well constrained by observations. Here, we construct both analytical and numerical models for the pole tide. The analytical models consider the tide first in a global ocean and then in an enclosed basin on a beta-plane. The results are found to approach equilibrium linearly with decreasing frequency and inversely with increasing basin depth. The numerical models solve Laplace's tidal equations over the world's oceans using realistic continental boundaries and bottom topography. The results indicate that the effects of the non-equilibrium portion of the deep ocean tide on the Chandler wobble period and damping are negligible.     

Random walk of the Earth's pole related to the Chandler wobble excitation

Summary. The equation governing the polar motion shows that the polar secular drift and the Chandler wobble amplitude are related to each other. In particular, a drift of the mean pole position comes out as a consequence of the maintenance of the Chandler wobble by possible step perturbations of the Earth's inertia tensor.
The minimum excitation functions necessary to explain the Chandler wobble amplitude variations for the period 1901–84 are derived from the Chandler term, with the hypothesis that the excitations follow a uniform random distribution in time. It is shown that they have the statistical properties of the steps of a two-dimensional random walk. These functions are then used to derive, from a statistical simulation, a lower limit of the secular drift which may result from the excitation of the Chandler wobble.
The drift generated by the random walk is of the same order of magnitude as the observed secular drift for the period 1901–84, but their time dependence is different. This indicates that the observed secular drift cannot be explained as the consequence of an excitation of the Chandler wobble by random steps of the Earth's inertia tensor. However, the possible contribution of the Chandler wobble excitation to the polar drift has to be taken into account when other mechanisms, such as lithospheric rebound related to deglaciation, are proposed.     

The Bingham Distribution of Quaternions and Its Spherical Radon Transform in Texture Analysis

Spherical geometry of quaternions is employed to characterize the Bingham distribution on the 3-dimensional sphere as being uniquely composed of a bipolar, a circular and a spherical component. A new parametrization of its dispersion parameters provides a classification of patterns of crystallographic preferred orientations (CPO, or textures). It is shown that the Bingham distribution can represent most types of ideal CPO patterns; in particular single component, fiber and surface textures are represented by rotationally invariant bipolar, circular and spherical distributions, respectively. Pole figures of given crystal directions are derived by the spherical Radon transform of the Bingham probability density function of rotations, which are displayed for general and special cases.     

巴黎盆地下侏罗统的岩石磁学研究及其意义

通过下佛罗统磁性地层学研究,获得了一些能记录岩石形成时的地磁场的样品,根据常规的古地磁方法,等温剩磁和热退磁实验,说明这些岩石的主要载磁矿物为磁铁矿.磁滞回线参数的测量表明多数载磁矿物磁铁矿为假单磁畴,少量样品则可能为假单磁畴与多磁畴的混合物.通过与北美古生代重磁化岩石的磁滞回线参数比值对比,说明重磁化与非重磁化岩五磁滞回线参数比值的分布趋势有明显差别,这一差别可能用于判定岩石的重磁化和非重磁化性质.     

巴黎盆地下侏罗统的岩石磁学研究及其意义

通过下佛罗统磁性地层学研究,获得了一些能记录岩石形成时的地磁场的样品,根据常规的古地磁方法,等温剩磁和热退磁实验,说明这些岩石的主要载磁矿物为磁铁矿.磁滞回线参数的测量表明多数载磁矿物磁铁矿为假单磁畴,少量样品则可能为假单磁畴与多磁畴的混合物.通过与北美古生代重磁化岩石的磁滞回线参数比值对比,说明重磁化与非重磁化岩五磁滞回线参数比值的分布趋势有明显差别,这一差别可能用于判定岩石的重磁化和非重磁化性质.