山东潍北凹陷古近系孔店组一段特征及沉积演化

综合运用岩心、钻井、测井及地震资料,对潍北凹陷古近系孔一段的地层特征及沉积演化进行研究。结果表明：潍北凹陷孔店组一段可以划分为3个亚段、11个砂层组。在西部鄌郚—葛沟断裂和东部昌邑—大店断裂控制下,地层东西向发育稳定,仅在北部洼陷带地层显著加厚;在北部古城—潍河口断层控制下,地层向南部超覆,地层由北向南变薄。潍北凹陷孔店组一段主要发育扇三角洲相和湖泊相,南部斜坡带发育小范围三角洲相。孔一下亚段,物源供给充足,北部洼陷带、瓦城断阶带和灶户断鼻带发育大规模的扇三角洲相;孔一中亚段,湖盆水体变浅,物源供给减少,北部洼陷带、瓦城断阶带和灶户断鼻带继承性发育扇三角洲相,但分布范围变小;孔一上亚段,湖盆水体最浅,物源供给少,全区发育滨浅湖亚相,仅在央斜4井区和昌11井区发育小范围的扇三角洲相沉积。     

厚油层内部夹层特征及在剩余油挖潜中的应用

以岩芯、测井、分析化验和生产动态等资料为基础,通过静态和动态研究相结合的方法,对东濮凹陷古近系沙河街组厚油层内部夹层类型、成因和展布特征,对剩余油的控制作用及其在挖潜中的应用进行了研究。结果表明:东濮凹陷厚油层的夹层类型主要有泥质、物性和钙质夹层三类,以泥质夹层为主,前两者属沉积成因,而钙质类层主要属成岩成因。从厚油层内部夹层的空间分布特征来看,可将其分为层状连续分布夹层、片状不稳定分布夹层和不规则冲刷-充填夹层3种。统计结果表明:横向延展非常稳定且井间对比性较强的夹层数量约占30%,而横向延展稳定性较差且连片程度不高,具空间随机性分布特征的夹层数量约占70%。夹层空间分布特征与注采配置方式共同控制了厚油层内部的不同剩余油分布模式,对夹层的深入研究有效提高了对厚油层内部剩余油的认识精度。从不同空间分布夹层所控制的剩余油分布特征出发,采用水平井、井网整体调整、补孔等方法和措施可获得较好的挖潜效果。     

辽东湾旅大地区古近系成岩作用与储集层孔隙关系研究

辽东湾旅大地区古近系储层砂岩类型主要为长石砂岩和岩屑长石砂岩,岩屑成分主要为岩浆岩和较多的变质岩.胶结类型以孔隙式胶结为主,孔隙类型以次生孔隙为主.砂岩成岩作用包括压实作用、胶结作用、溶蚀作用等,其中胶结作用使储层原生孔隙迅速变差,而溶蚀作用是次生孔隙发育的主要因素.成岩作用对砂岩储集层的孔隙结构起着显著的改造作用,孔隙度演化与成岩阶段有较好的对应关系.     

桦甸盆地桦甸组油页岩段地球化学特征及地质意义

桦甸盆地位于敦密断裂带之上,是我国著名的古近纪含油页岩断陷盆地。其中桦甸组油页岩段发育厚层的泥岩沉积。长期以来对该段油页岩特征研究较多,但对其物源区特征和构造背景研究甚少。对油页岩段厚层泥岩进行系统的地球化学分析结果表明：泥岩中w(SiO₂)整体较低,K₂O/Na₂O值较高(大于1),w（MgO+Fe₂O^T₃）为3.91%~11.66%,Al₂O₃/（Na₂O+K₂O）为3.77~6.29,表明泥岩中含有一定的铁镁质组分和较多的稳定组分。微量元素PAAS标准化分配曲线显示不同样品之间元素富集、亏损趋势不一致,同时稀土元素标准化曲线呈现出稀土含量变化较大、轻稀土富集和明显Eu负异常,表明油页岩段沉积时期存在多个物源。泥岩风化蚀变指数为74~82,Th/U值多集中在4.65~6.07,表明泥岩源区经历了相对中等的风化作用。Th/Sc和Zr/Sc值表明泥岩基本受源岩成分控制。由源岩和构造背景判别图解,并结合前人研究资料得知:桦甸盆地油页岩段母岩主要来自于海西期和燕山期花岗岩以及少量的燕山期中酸性喷发岩;源岩形成于大陆边缘造山带,为大陆岛弧火山岩系。     

中国海域区古近纪含煤盆地与煤系分布研究

新近纪和古近纪是全球重要的聚煤期。中国古近纪聚煤盆地分布在东部沿海省区,是全球性环太平洋聚煤带的组成部分。中国海域区含煤沉积盆地虽然也属于断陷盆地和坳陷盆地类型,且成群出现,但总体构造背景有利于含煤沉积的持续发展,盆地群连续性好,含煤沉积厚度大,如琼东南盆地、东海海域西湖凹陷,含煤沉积厚度达1 km以上,这是陆上区古近纪含煤盆地所不能相比的。研究表明,海域区的聚煤盆地内大多由若干凹陷组成,为聚煤凹陷,可分为两大类,即半地堑凹陷和地堑凹陷。根据成煤盆地的水体深浅又可分为深水半地堑凹陷和浅水半地堑凹陷,地堑凹陷均为深水凹陷。盆地内表现为明显的两个聚煤带：缓坡聚煤带和陡坡聚煤带,缓坡聚煤带占绝对优势。在潮坪体系的潮上带和潮间带沼泽,利于聚煤作用的广泛发生。泥炭的堆积可能存在两种形式：原地堆积和异地堆积。由于盆地构造的频繁活动异地堆积可能是海域区聚煤盆地成煤作用的重要形式。海域区巨厚的含煤沉积为海域区煤成气成藏提供了丰厚的物质基础。又由于含煤地层埋深大,煤的变质作用程度相对较高,成为良好的烃源岩。     

河南省南襄盆地泌阳凹陷古近系核桃园组湖相页岩油储集层特征

尽管对南襄盆地泌阳凹陷古近系核桃园组湖相页岩采用大型压裂初产已获高产油气流,但是对该湖相页岩储集层特征尚未进行系统研究。文中应用薄片分析及全岩X衍射分析,结合陆相页岩矿物组成特点,将泌阳凹陷湖相页岩划分为块状泥岩、纹层状黏土质页岩、纹层状粉砂质页岩、纹层状灰质页岩及纹层状云质页岩5种类型。根据页岩岩心样品氩离子抛光扫描电镜分析结果,探讨了研究区湖相页岩的储集特征:(1)主要发育溶蚀孔、晶间孔、粒间孔、构造缝、层间页理缝和微裂缝等储集空间类型;(2)孔隙发育具有各向异性;(3)孔隙以中孔体积为主,微孔次之,孔径平均为4.76 nm,有2个峰值区,分别是2～3 nm和71 nm左右。进一步分析表明,岩石类型控制了储集层的储集空间发育特征,研究区以纹层状灰质页岩的溶蚀孔、晶间孔、有机质孔、层间缝等孔隙最为发育,其亦对页岩油储集最为有利。     

中国东部断陷湖盆细粒沉积岩岩相划分方案探讨——以渤海湾盆地南部古近系细粒沉积岩为例

细粒沉积岩岩相研究是烃源岩和页岩油、致密油储层研究的重要基础,鉴于我国陆相断陷湖盆环境多变和细粒沉积岩类型多样、岩石组合类型复杂的特点,需要进行细粒沉积岩岩相分类。以渤海湾盆地南部古近系细粒沉积岩发育段为研究对象,通过厘米级岩芯观察描述、岩石薄片鉴定、激光共聚焦显微镜观察分析等技术,研究细粒沉积岩基本特征。陆相断陷湖盆细粒沉积岩岩相划分可以按照(1)宏观岩芯精细观察描述,归纳垂向岩石类型组合;(2)分析沉积微环境;(3)对不同岩石类型组合进行X射线全岩矿物衍射和TOC测试,划分岩石类型和岩相大类;(4)微观镜下剖析纹层叠置关系;(5)分析成因和形成机制,对岩亚类细分等5步进行。岩相大类划分要简洁,是为满足油田勘探工作易于操作、建立与常规测井资料之间关系等要求;亚类细分是便于研究微观源储关系、分析沉积微环境和储层微观结构等。     

Paleogene magmatism and gold metallogeny of the Jinping terrane in the Ailaoshan ore belt,Sanjiang Tethyan Orogen (SW China): Geology,deposit type and tectonic setting

The Jinping terrane is situated in the southern segment of the Ailaoshan ore belt, Sanjiang Tethyan Orogen (SW China). The Paleogene intrusions in Jinping consist of syenite porphyry, fine-grained syenite and biotite granite stocks/dikes, and contain relatively low TiO₂ (0.21–0.38 wt%), P₂O₅ (0.01–0.35 wt%), and high Na₂O (2.00–4.62 wt%) and K₂O (4.48–7.06 wt%), belonging to high-K alkaline series. Paleogene gold mineralization in Jinping comprises four genetic types, i.e., orogenic, alkali-rich intrusion-related, porphyry and supergene laterite. The NW–NNW-trending faults and their subsidiaries are the major ore-controlling structures. The orogenic Au mineralization, dominated by polymetallic sulfide-quartz veins, occurs in the diorite and minor in Silurian-Devonian sedimentary rocks. It contains a CO₂-rich mesothermal fluid system generated from the mixing of mantle-derived fluids with crustal-derived metamorphic fluids, and the ore-forming materials were upper crustal- or orogenic-derived. The alkali-rich intrusion-related Au mineralization is hosted in the Ordovician-Silurian sedimentary rocks and minor in the Paleogene alkaline intrusions, and the Au orebodies occur predominantly in the alteration halos. It contains a CO₂-bearing, largely metamorphic-sourced mesothermal fluid system, and the ore-forming materials were derived from the ore-hosting rocks and minor from the alkali-rich intrusions. The porphyry Cu-Mo-Au mineralization occurs in the granite/syenite porphyries and/or along their contact skarn, with the mineralizing fluids being magmatic-hydrothermal in origin. The former two hypogene Au mineralization types in Jinping were mainly formed in the late Eocene (ca. 34–33 Ma) and slightly after the porphyry Cu-Mo-Au mineralization (ca. 35–34 Ma), which is coeval with the regional Himalayan orogenic event. Subsequent weathering produced the laterite Au mineralization above or near the hypogene Au orebodies.     

陆相断陷盆地低凸起斜坡带层序划分及其沉积充填演化特征:以埕岛东斜坡古近系为例

层序分级不一致和井震层序不统一都会导致沉积充填演化特征反映的不准确,将制约储盖组合与油气分布的预测。文中应用沉积层序的概念,利用岩心、岩性、测井与地震资料,以层序界面与内部构成特征相结合的原则,从坡下到坡上,对东斜坡古近系进行了层序划分。一级层序相当于系地层单元,与构造运动相对应,层序界面为区域性角度不整合;二级层序相当于统或组地层单元,与构造运动幕相对应,层序界面为局部不整合;三级层序相当于段或亚段地层单元,与构造幕内的次级构造作用相对应,层序界面为超覆不整合面、沉积体系转换面及重力流下切面;四级层序即体系域,相当于油组与砂组,与三级层序基准面旋回的阶段性变化相对应,层序界面为初始洪泛面、最大洪泛面,共识别出SQ1、SQ2、SQ3、SQ4、SQ5和SQ6等6个三级层序及15个体系域。井震统一的层序格架结合了钻井资料纵向高分辨率与地震资料横向好连续性的优点,从而高精度、高分辨率地揭示了层序格架充填演化特征,体现出层序旋回性与体系域及平面沉积相分布的差异性。古近纪埕岛凸起夷平,斜坡及凹陷补齐,发育超覆、披覆沉积;古地形由南低北高向南高北低转换;本地物源、邻近物源、区域物源阶段性变迁;多物源的沉积体系交叉、叠置,沉积相发生了扇三角洲-浊积扇-半深湖-滑塌浊积扇-辫状河三角洲-曲流河泛滥平原演变。埕岛低凸起斜坡带层序及沉积充填演化特征具有陆相断陷盆地的代表性,因而,此项研究对于解决层序地层学面临的工业化应用研究不足的问题以及油气储盖组合预测方面的难点可提供有益参考。     

Temporal variations in channel patterns and facies architecture in a gravelly fluvial system: The Paleogene Iwaki Formation on the Joban Coalfield,a forearc basin in Northeast Japan

This paper examined sequence‐stratigraphic features of a gravelly fluvial system of the Iwaki Formation, which developed in a forearc‐basin setting in Northeast Japan during the Eocene through Oligocene. On the basis of three‐dimensional architectural element analysis, we discriminated three major cycles of channel complexes, which contain ten component channel deposits in total in the fluvial succession. Component channel deposits in the uppermost part of each cycle are sandier and associated with overbank muddy deposits and coal beds as compared with those in the lower part of the cycle. Mean clast‐size also decreases upsection in the entire gravelly fluvial deposits. The fluvial succession is interpreted to have been deposited in response to an overall rise in relative sea level that was superimposed by three short‐term relative sea‐level rises on the basis of vertical stacking patterns and component lithofacies features of channel deposits, and of correlation of the fluvial succession with an age‐equivalent marine succession in an area about 50 km offshore. However, geometry and stacking patterns of the channel complexes do not exhibit any distinct temporal variation and amalgamated channel and bar deposits are dominant throughout the transgressive fluvial succession. On the other hand, an overall fining‐upward pattern of the entire Iwaki Formation fluvial deposits in association with three component fining‐upward patterns is distinct, and is interpreted to be consistent with the tenet of the standard fluvial sequence‐stratigraphic models. This indicates that the present example represents one type of variation in the standard fluvial sequence‐stratigraphic models, possibly reflecting the forearc‐basin setting, which is generally represented by higher valley slope, higher shedding of coarse‐grained sediments, and shorter longitudinal profiles to the coastal area as compared with a passive‐continental‐margin setting.