渤海湾沿岸泥炭沼泽形成机制与时空分布

渤海湾沿岸的海陆过渡带，优越的水文地理环境有利于泥炭沼泽的形成与发育。海洋海退导致的海岸线变迁，是控制泥炭沼泽发育时间和空间分布的主导因素。间冰期和冰后期的海面上升期间，自海向陆发育了海侵基底泥炭；中全新世高海面期，在山前扇缘洼地和沟谷有泥炭沼泽发育；晚全新世海面下降期，泥炭沼泽主要发育在沿岸的海湾、泻湖、三角洲汊河间洼地及平原上的河滩、阶地、古河道等地。     

藏北双湖山字形山玄武岩锆石U-Pb年龄、地球化学特征及其地质意义

次对藏北双湖山字形山玄武岩进行了同位素年代学和岩石地球化学研究。锆石LA ICP MS U Pb测年结果表明,玄武岩形成时代为中三叠世Ladinian期((2358±27) Ma)。主量元素SiO2质量分数为4284%~5222%,TiO2为161%~269%,FeOT/MgO为152~194,属亚碱性系列拉斑玄武岩。稀土元素∑REE含量为11409×10-6~20847×10-6,(La/Yb)N为490~650,相对富集LREE。微量元素配分模式曲线与OIB型玄武岩相似。岩石成因研究表明岩浆在演化过程中主要受分离结晶作用控制,La/Nb、La/Ta、Zr/Ba等不相容元素比值与Ti含量表明,山字形山玄武岩可能是软流圈地幔与岩石圈地幔相互作用的产物。玄武岩较高的Zr含量与Zr/Y比值显示其处于板内伸展构造背景。结合区域地质资料推测,中三叠世玄武质岩浆是南、北羌塘地块碰撞造山过程中板片断离、软流圈物质上涌熔融的产物,而晚三叠世偏铝质-过铝质岩浆岩及高压变质岩折返剥露为造山带垮塌引起的伸展作用的结果。     

Geology and geochemistry of the Bingdaban ophiolitic mélange in the boundary fault zone on the northern Central Tianshan Belt,and its tectonic implications

The properties and tectonic significance of the fault bound zone on the northern margin of the Central Tianshan belt are key issues to understand the tectonic framework and evolutionary history of the Tianshan Orogenic Belt. Based on the geological and geochemical studies in the Tianshan orogenic belt, it is suggested that the ophiolitic slices found in the Bingdaban area represent the remaining oceanic crust of the Early Paleozoic ocean between the Hazakstan and Zhungaer blocks. Mainly composed of basalts, gabbros and diabases, the ophiolites were overthrust onto the boundary fault between the Northern Tianshan and Central Tianshan belts. The major element geochemistry is characterized by high TiO₂ (1.50%–2.25%) and MgO (6.64%–9.35%), low K₂O (0.06%–0.41%) and P₂O₅ (0.1%–0.2%), and Na₂O>K₂O as well. Low ΣREE and depletion in LREE indicate that the original magma was derived from a depleted mantle source. Compared with a primitive mantle, the geochemistry of the basalts from the Bingdaban area is featureded by depletion in Th, U, Nb, La, Ce and Pr, and unfractionated in HFS elements. The ratios of Zr/Nb, Nb/La, Hf/Ta, Th/Yb and Hf/Th are similar to those of the typical N-MORB. It can be interpreted that the basalts in the Bingdaban area were derived from a depleted mantle source, and formed in a matured mid-oceanic ridge setting during the matured evolutionary stage of the Northern Tianshan ocean. In comparison with the basalts, the diabases from the Bingdaban area show higher contents of Al₂O₃, ΣREE and HFS elements as well as unfractionated incompatible elements except Cs, Rb and Ba, and about 10 times the values of the primitive mantle. Thus, the diabases are thought to be derived from a primitive mantle and similar to the typical E-MORB. The diabases also have slight Nb depletion accompanying no apparent Th enrichment compared with N-MORB. From studies of the regional geology and all above evidence, it can be suggested that the diabases from the Bingdaban area were formed in the mid-oceanic ridge of the Northern Tianshan ocean during the initial spreading stage. Supported by the Major State Research Program of PRC (Grant No. 2001CB409801), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 40472115 and 40234041) and the State Research Program of China Geological Survey (Grant No. 2001130000-22)     

郯庐断裂中段新生代右行走滑位移

依据走滑拉分盆地中盆地沉降（或抬升）速率与边界断层走滑速率之间的数值关系,通过对夹在郯庐断裂中段两分支断层间的潍北凹陷沉积埋藏史的恢复,间接求取郯庐断裂中段新生代右行走滑位移。潍北凹陷内不同构造位置4口井的埋藏史恢复结果表明：凹陷新生代经历了古近纪早、中期的快速沉降,古近纪末-新近纪初的抬升剥蚀和中新世以来的缓慢沉降3个阶段;各阶段的平均沉降速率分别为0.142 9、-0.072 8、0.032 5 km/Ma。通过对太平洋板块与欧亚板块间俯冲速率和方向变化的分析推断,中新世中期（39.5 Ma）太平洋板块由北西向俯冲转而变成正西向俯冲所产生的西南向应力分量是导致新生代郯庐断裂开始右行走滑的主要因素,且走滑活动持续至今。根据走滑活动发生和持续的时间,结合各个时期内潍北凹陷的沉降和抬升速率,计算出郯庐断裂中段新生代右行走滑位移量为15 km左右。     

基于神经网络方法获得最优化月球内部结构模型

由于观测手段有限,目前对月球内部结构的认识还存在很大的不确定性,至今仍没有一个被广泛认可的内部结构模型,且现有对月球内部结构模型的研究几乎很少关注观测值对观测精度的影响.本研究采用混合密度神经网络方法得到了月球内部结构模型的后验概率密度分布,获得了平均月球内部结构模型(Mean模型)、最大后验概率对应的月球内部结构模型(MAP模型)以及满足1-σ准则的月球内部结构模型(1-σ模型),其中MAP模型即为本文给出的最优化月球内部结构模型.此外,研究结果表明月球低速区S波波速低于月幔S波波速,因此本文结果支持月幔底部存在一个低速区的观点.不同观测值观测精度对模型影响的研究结果表明,勒夫数k₂存在一个约为0.0220的下边界,且其观测精度对月球内部结构模型的影响显著大于平均密度和平均转动惯量.

     

岩浆核杂岩和变质核杂岩特征对比及控矿实例——南秦岭牛山-凤凰山变质核杂岩和牛山北岩浆核杂岩构造群落及控矿模式

以南秦岭牛山-凤凰山变质核杂岩和牛山北岩浆核杂岩为例, 通过核杂岩的构造群落、变质程度、岩浆侵位与变形时代、构造层次与演化、控矿特征与控矿构造-蚀变岩相填图及测年研究, 对比2类核杂岩的特征及其控矿作用。结果表明, 2类核杂岩有相似的结构样式, 但构造群落和演化差别较大。牛山-凤凰山变质核杂岩核部为新元古代武当岩群和耀岭河岩组中深变质岩, 其中可见新元古代石英闪长岩和加里东期辉石岩-辉绿岩株, 说明是在新元古代或加里东期形成的。核杂岩与外围震旦系—泥盆系浅变质岩间由剥离断层及韧性剪切带分割。志留系梅子垭岩组为浅变质强变形的岩片组合, 发育多层次韧性剪切、固态流变、滑脱-逆冲-走滑变形3期新生面理及其置换。而牛山北岩浆核杂岩核部和外围是浅变质岩, 在核部和外围填图、测试时发现新元古代、早古生代、三叠纪、侏罗纪4期侵入岩, 与岩浆核杂岩相关的有三叠纪—早侏罗世二长花岗岩株和晚侏罗世花岗岩脉2期侵入岩。研究发现, 与岩浆核杂岩伴随的岩浆侵位、韧性剪切变形与热变质增温-变斑晶加大-自然金沿S2面理分布-金矿化热液蚀变等的时代均集中在晚三叠世—侏罗纪, 指示了时代较新的陆内造山期岩浆核杂岩的脆-韧性剪切变形-立交桥式岩浆-热力垂向增生-热液蚀变成矿时空关联特点及深部找矿方向。     

恭城—栗木断裂带的应变特征与变形环境探讨

通过系统的有限应变测量与差异应力估算,探讨了恭城—栗木断裂带的应变特征与变形环境,以其推动该断裂带的研究向更深层次发展。结果表明：①付林指数K的变化范围为0.32～1.67;应变主轴平均方位为276°∠21°,与断裂带的整体逆冲方向基本一致;断裂带的平均应变程度为2.26～3.00,属中等应变程度;断裂带的应变类型属压扁型应变与单剪型平面应变的一种复合叠加类型。②断裂带的差异应力值为40～80 MPa,变形深度小于10 km,属半脆性—半韧性的变形域。③断裂带的应变特征与变形环境及宏观构造样式基本吻合。     

桐柏老湾金矿带成矿构造体系演化研究及其地质意义

通过对老湾成矿带各期构造作用、区域变质作用、岩浆作用、矿化富集作用研究,将老湾成矿带成矿构造体系演化分为三个阶段:加里东-华力西期深层次韧性剪切作用,形成的NNW向构造控矿因素深远,起初始富集作用;从印支晚期(236～214 Ma)开始,在燕山期或期前(132.5Ma)为脆-韧性剪切-右行走滑体系,矿液再次充填控矿形成现在的富矿体;燕山末期后发生了浅层次脆、韧性构造和构造推覆。并建立了老湾金矿带"早期老湾韧性剪切成矿构造系统"与"中期高角度右型走滑脆韧性断裂构造系统叠加"和"晚期构造掩盖或破坏"三期成矿构造演化体系。三期成矿构造演化体系的建立和"晚期老湾岩体推覆于龟山岩组上"的认识,极大地拓展了赋矿地层空间,为取得找矿突破提供重要理论依据。     

A conceptual model for kimberlite emplacement by solitary interfacial mega-waves on the core mantle boundary

If convection in the Earth's liquid outer core is disrupted, degrades to turbulence and begins to behave in a chaotic manner, it will destabilize the Earth's magnetic field and provide the seeds for kimberlite melts via turbulent jets of silicate rich core material which invade the lower mantle. These (proto-) melts may then be captured by extreme amplitude solitary nonlinear waves generated through interaction of the outer core surface with the base of the mantle. A pressure differential behind the wave front then provides a mechanism for the captured melt to ascend to the upper mantle and crust so quickly that emplacement may indirectly promote a type of impact fracture cone within the relatively brittle crust. These waves are very rare but of finite probability. The assumption of turbulence transmission between layers is justified using a simple three-layer liquid model. The core derived melts eventually become frozen in place as localised topographic highs in the Mohorovicic discontinuity (Moho), or as deep rooted intrusive events. The intrusion's final composition is a function of melt contamination by two separate sources: the core contaminated mantle base and subducted Archean crust. The mega-wave hypothesis offers a plausible vehicle for early stage emplacement of kimberlite pipes and explains the age association of diamondiferous kimberlites with magnetic reversals and tectonic plate rearrangements.     

苏北—滨海断裂北段最新活动时代研究

苏北—滨海断裂在江苏以北的存在与活动性长期以来存在争议。本研究通过小多道地震探测技术,对苏北—滨海断裂北段及附近海域进行探测,识别出4个反射界面,将研究区第四纪地层划分为4个地震层序,分别对应全新世、晚更新世、中更新世和早更新世4个地质时期。对照区域地质构造,对地震剖面断点进行分析,认为断点F1、F2、F3、F4、F8、F9、F10对应为苏北—滨海断裂,断裂错动的最新地层为晚更新世,因此推断苏北—滨海断裂为晚更新世活动断裂。