云南震害损失评估与恢复重建规划主要技术指标

以2011年3月10日云南盈江5.8级等4组5次地震为主要对象,深入分析灾害损失评估和恢复重建规划编制涉及的地震烈度调查与恢复重建范围,失去住所人数与灾后过渡性安置人数,以及民房、教育、卫生、市政、电力、通信、水利等破坏与恢复重建的规模,探讨了相互间的关系,并提出建议,对科学客观合理评估地震直接灾害损失和恢复重建规划具有一定的参考价值。     

Progress of Long-Chain Alkyl Diols in Marine Environmental Reconstruction

Long-chain alkyl diols contain an alkyl chain with alcohol groups at C1 and at the middle position of carbon chain, which exist widely in seas, rivers and lakes. It has been proven that these compounds are relatively resistant to degradation and have an extended occurrence in the geological record. In addition, they are relatively easy to identify. Therefore, long-chain alkyl diols can be used as potential biomarkers to trace the past change in paleoenvironment and paleoclimate. Although the sources of long-chain alkyl diols are still uncertain, the studies indicate that 1, 13 and 1, 15-diols are mainly produced by eustigmatophytes, while 14-diols are mainly from diatom Proboscia. So far, some proxies based on long-chain alkyl diols have been established to indicate the change in diatom productivity, upwelling intensity, salinity, sea surface temperature, riverine organic matter input and surface seawater nutrient concentration, which are significant for paleoenvironmental reconstruction. Current research and application of long-chain alkyl diols proxies were summarized, which would be helpful for further studying the source of long-chain alkyl diols and the application of relevant proxies in China’s marginal sea.     

Monsoonal precipitation variation in the East Asia since A.D. 1840

Three tree-ring rainfall reconstructions from China and Korea are used in this paper to investigate the East Asian summer monsoon-related precipitation variation over the past 160 years. Statistically, there is no linear correlation on a year-by-year basis between Chinese and Korean monsoon rainfall, but region-wide synchronous variation on a decadal-scale was observed. More rainfall intervals were 1860–1890, 1910–1925, and 1940–1960, and dry or even drought periods were 1890–1910, 1925–1940, and 1960–present. Reconstructions also display that the East Asian summer monsoon precipitation suddenly changed from more into less around mid-1920. These tree-ring precipitation records were also confirmed by Chinese historical dryness/wetness index and Korean historical rain gauge data.     

锥束CT技术在口腔临床中的应用

将锥束CT应用于口腔部位的三维成像,是近年来CT研究人员和口腔医生共同关注的一个热点.特别是随着牙齿种植技术的兴起,利用CBCT进行牙齿种植计划和手术导板的设计已成为一项新的研究方向.本文综述了口腔CBCT的成像原理和临床应用,比较了CBCT与传统CT在口腔成像中的特点,并总结了当前的关键技术和研究热点,供相关的技术及医学研究人员参考.     

基于VTK的雷达基数据交互式三维重建功能及其业务应用

介绍了在自研的《气象雷达基数据结构分析软件》的基础上,通过空间三维插值方法和VTK（Visualization Toolkit）图形图像库显示技术,实现天气雷达基数据三维可视化的功能,该软件可运行于多种操作系统。三维重建功能支持多项交互式操作,能够快速突出雷达回波的结构特征：允许在雷达平面图上选定任意矩形区域进行三维重建;支持地形和雷达回波的叠加;具备缩放、漫游和视角变换功能;提供不同数值区间的透明度和光照系数调整;实现多种类型的切面视图和三视图。最后,本文结合软件在强对流单体、台风等个例中的应用情况,展示了三维重建功能如何帮助预报员快速掌握风暴结构及其演变规律。     

Comparison of Simulated and Reconstructed Temperature in China during the past 2000 years

Studying climate changes over the past 2 000 years has important scientific significance in exploring climate variability on decadal to centennial timescales, assessing the natural and anthropogenic contribution to the climate warming, and understanding the effects of human activities in the past and future climate changes. Due to the scarcity of observation and uncertainty of reconstruction in this period, climate model is developed as a useful tool for studying paleoclimate.The Community Earth System Model (CESM) is one of the state-of-the-art climate models, but its performance in simulating the temperature in China has not been examined.The temperature datasets of observation/reanalysis (GHCN_CAMS) and reconstructions during the past 2000 years in China were used to examine the performance of CESM. The comparison between the annual average temperatures of GHCN_CAMS reanalysis and simulation showed that the model well reproduced the spatial distributions and upward trend of the annual average temperature in China, and the comparison with reconstructions in five sub-regions of China indicated that the simulation were in good consistent with the average temperature changes of reconstructionson decadal time scales. On the centennial time scale, the average temperature fluctuations of simulation in the regions of China were in accord with reconstructions generally except for Central East and Tibet.There existed three warm periods of simulated temperature variation in China over the past 2000 years, including 0-540AD, 800-1250AD and 1901-2000AD, and two cold periods involving the 551-721AD and 1400-1850AD, which had some discrepancies with reconstructions. And the discrepancies between simulation and reconstructions might be related to uncertainties of the resolution, external forcing and parameterization of the subgrid-scale process in the model.     

结构光系统结合数码相机的小物体高质量纹理重建

针对双鸟饕餮纹夔神鼍鼓等小文物或其他小型物体,提出了基于结构光扫描系统结合普通高分辨率单反数码相机的纹理重建方法。该方法具有自动化程度高、效率和质量高的特点,其中主要解决了单张高分辨率影像与物体几何模型的自动配准,以及配准后从多张影像生成无缝纹理模型的问题。实验证明了本文方法的可行性和有效性。     

国外乡村空间研究的进展与启示

任何空间都是社会的产物。在工业化、城镇化、信息化和政策的驱动下,中国乡村空间正在发生剧烈重构。乡村空间研究作为国外乡村地理学研究的核心内容之一,具有多学科、多视角、多维度、多方法的特点,形成了一个丰富的研究图景。为了更全面地把握国外乡村空间研究的进展,论文对国外近40 a的乡村空间研究文献进行了梳理。研究发现,国外学者从物质、想象和实践等层面诠释了乡村空间的内涵,并通过建立“乡村空间的三重模型”,强调了日常生活实践的重要性,引入了生活空间,构建了较为系统的乡村空间研究架构。在理论视角上,国外乡村空间研究经历了功能主义、政治经济学和社会建构主义3个阶段;在时间的演进上,实现了由生产主义空间研究到后生产主义空间研究的转换;在空间维度上,实现了聚落空间、经济空间、社会空间和文化空间的多重叠加。国外乡村空间研究实现了从物质层面到社会表征、从客体性空间到主体性空间、从静态单维空间到动态多维空间的转变,启示我们对乡村空间进行跨学科研究以及“社会-文化”研究的重要性。中国乡村空间建设要重视农民的主体性地位、强调乡村空间的多功能性、尊重乡村空间的“地域性”和“差异性”、恢复乡村空间的意义生产功能。     

A virtual voyage through 3D structures generated by chaotic mixing of magmas and numerical simulations: a new approach for understanding spatial and temporal complexity of magma dynamics

In this contribution, we present a virtual voyage through 3D structures generated by chaotic mixing of magmas and numerical simulations with the aim to highlight the power of 3D representations in the understanding of this geological phenomenon. In particular, samples of mixed juveniles from Salina island (Southern Italy) are reconstructed in 3D by serial lapping and digital montage and numerical simulations are performed by using a 3D chaotic dynamical system. Natural and simulated magma mixing structures are visualized by using several multimedia tools including animations and “virtual reality” models. It is shown that magma interaction processes can generate large spatial and temporal compositional heterogeneities in magmatic systems. The same topological structures are observed in both 3D reconstructed rock samples and chaotic numerical simulations, indicating that the mixing of magmas is governed by chaotic dynamics. The use of 3D multimedia models gives the opportunity to penetrate into magma mixing structures and to understand their significance in the context of magma dynamics. Such an approach is very powerful since multimedia tools can strongly capture the attention of the reader bringing him/her into an interactive and memorable geological experience. Electronic supplementary material  enclosed:     

Spatial and temporal variation of vegetation phenology and its response to climate changes in Qaidam Basin from 2000 to 2015

Based on TIMESAT 3.2 platform, MODIS NDVI data (2000–2015) of Qaidam Basin are fitted, and three main phenological parameters are extracted with the method of dynamic threshold, including the start of growth season (SGS), the end of growth season (EGS) and the length of growth season (LGS). The spatial and temporal variation of vegetation phenology and its response to climate changes are analyzed respectively. The conclusions are as follows: (1) SGS is mainly delayed as a whole. Areas delayed are more than the advanced in EGS, and EGS is a little delayed as a whole. LGS is generally shortened. (2) With the altitude rising, SGS is delayed, EGS is advanced, and LGS is shortened and phenophase appears a big variation below 3000 m and above 5000 m. (3) From 2000 to 2015, the temperature appears a slight increase along with a big fluctuation, and the precipitation increases evidently. (4) Response of phenophase to precipitation is not obvious in the low elevation humid regions, where SGS arrives early and EGS delays; while, in the upper part of the mountain regions, SGS delays and EGS advances with temperature rising, SGS arrives early and EGS delays with precipitation increasing.