旋挖钻进工艺在海相沉积地层中的应用

以潮州电厂基础桩施工为例,对其钻孔设备的特点和施工工艺作了介绍,阐述了旋挖钻机在海相沉积地层中施工灌注桩的工艺方法及其质量控制措施。     

Nautilus矿业公司SMS勘探中采用的取样技术与装备

海底大块状硫化物(SMS)富含铜、锌、铅等金属,特别是富含贵金属金、银,引起了国际采矿业的浓厚兴趣。近年来,以澳大利亚Nautilus矿业公司为先驱代表的国际大型资源开发商和投资商已介入海底多金属硫化物的商业化开采。文中介绍了Nautilus公司在巴布亚新几内亚专属经济区针对海底块状硫化物矿床开展的一系列以商业开采为目的的勘探取样活动,详细介绍了勘探中所采用的基本方法与技术,并重点对其地质调查中所应用的拖网挖掘取样、ROV海底表面取样、大洋钻探船岩芯取样和专门开发的ROV岩芯钻探取样的装备、取样结果及作业效率进行了较为系统全面地介绍。     

软悬挂状态下隔水管动力特性分析

建立了软悬挂状态下隔水管动力分析模型,采用有限单元法对模型进行离散,结合Newmark-β法对动态方程求解,并对模型进行验证,最后选取南海某口深水井实际参数,对软悬挂状态下隔水管动力特性进行分析。研究结果表明:软悬挂状态下隔水管底端横向位移最大,顶部铰接处弯矩最大。软悬挂状态下,隔水管横向位移与弯矩随着海底隔水管总成(LMRP)重量增加而减小,随着平台运动速度、平台航向与海流方向夹角增大而增大;回收隔水管减小悬挂长度有利于减小最大横向位移,但会造成弯矩轻微增加;采用旋转刚度适当较大的挠性接头则有利于减小隔水管挠性接头以下整体位移与弯矩。研究成果为钻井平台避台撤离时隔水管的安全提供理论指导。     

东海深井高温高压低孔渗储层钻井技术研究与应用

随着近年东海勘探工作量的迅速增加,钻井深度越来越深,面临着深层高温高压低孔渗地层钻井的一些重大技术难题.针对遇到的难题,分析研究了钻井技术和工艺,主要包括深部复杂压力体系井身结构优化、构建储层保护和井壁稳定性能良好的低自由水钻井液体系、高压低孔渗储层防气窜固井工艺技术、分井段钻井提速配套技术.研究成果应用表明,该套技术较好地解决了钻井过程中出现的问题,保护了储层,提高了时效,满足了产能测试的要求.     

Numerical prediction of MODUs drift during Hurricane Katrina

Severe hurricanes, such as Katrina, broke the mooring lines of a number of mobile offshore drilling units (MODU) deployed in the Gulf of Mexico and some of those MODUs went adrift. A drifting MODU may damage other critical elements of the offshore oil and gas infrastructure by colliding with floating or fixed production systems and transportation hubs, or by rupturing pipelines owing to their dragging anchors over the seabed. To avoid or mitigate the damage caused by a drifting MODU, it is desirable to understand the mechanics of the drift of a MODU under the impact of severe wind, wave and current and have the capability of predicting the trajectory of the drift. To explore the feasibility and accuracy of predicting the trajectory of a drifting MODU based on hindcast met-ocean conditions and limited knowledge of the condition of the drifting MODU, this study employed a simplified equation describing only the horizontal (surge, sway and yaw) motions of a MODU under the impact of steady wind, current and wave forces. The simplified hydrodynamic model neglects the first- and second-order oscillatory wave forces, unsteady wind forces (owing to wind gustiness), wave drift damping, and the effects of the body oscillation on the steady wind and current forces. It was assumed that the net effects of the oscillatory forces on the steady motion are insignificant. To verify the accuracy and feasibility of our simplified approach, the predicted drifting trajectories of two MODUs were compared with the corresponding measurements recorded by the global positioning system (GPS).     

Study on deepwater conductor jet excavation mechanism in cohesive soil

Conductor casing jetting technique has been increasingly applied in deepwater drilling. The insight into the jetting excavation mechanisms is critical in guiding a successful conductor casing jetting operation. The real- time continuous jet excavation process is simulated with the volume of fluid (VOF) multiphase method of CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) ANSYS Fluent calculation software in the current study. The cohesive soil is modelled by using a kind of viscous fluid with Herschel-Bulkley model. In addition, a laboratory half round nozzle jet excavation test is designed for verification by comparison of the observed jet excavation profile with the numerical results. The sensitivity parameters affecting the conductor jetting excavation mechanism in cohesive soil are thus investigated. It is found that the application of Herschel-Bulkley (HB) model for cohesive soil and the VOF method of Fluent can provide a good simulation of jet excavation process. The maximum excavation depth can be determined by the undrained ultimate bearing capacity of the circular foundation with a bearing capacity factor of 6.7. The nozzle position, jet velocity and soil strength have significantly influence on the depth and width of the jet excavation profile in conductor oblique jet.     

Trend detection in river flow series: 1. Annual maximum flow / Détection de tendance dans des séries de débit fluvial: 1. Débit maximum annuel

Abstract

Results of a study on change detection in hydrological time series of annual maximum river flow are presented. Out of more than a thousand long time series made available by the Global Runoff Data Centre (GRDC) in Koblenz, Germany, a worldwide data set consisting of 195 long series of daily mean flow records was selected, based on such criteria as length of series, currency, lack of gaps and missing values, adequate geographical distribution, and priority to smaller catchments. The analysis of annual maximum flows does not support the hypothesis of ubiquitous growth of high flows. Although 27 cases of strong, statistically significant increase were identified by the Mann-Kendall test, there are 31 decreases as well, and most (137) time series do not show any significant changes (at the 10% level). Caution is advised in interpreting these results as flooding is a complex phenomenon, caused by a number of factors that can be associated with local, regional, and hemispheric climatic processes. Moreover, river flow has strong natural variability and exhibits long-term persistence which can confound the results of trend and significance tests.     

转矩转速传感器及其在钻机功率测试中的应用

介绍了一种用于钻机功率测试的转矩转速传感器，论述了该类传感器的基本工作原理、标定装置、校验方法以及测试系统的组成等问题。     

超声波/声波钻头/取心器装置

目前,对宇宙中生命迹象的探索是世界各国所关注的最重要的目标之一。美国宇航局研制了由超声波或者声波驱动器驱动的一系列超声波/声波钻头/取心器（USDC）,用来进行空间探测并提取岩石、冰与土壤样品,以及进行原位分析。此设备在声波频率下,超声波压电驱动器驱动中间的自由质量块进而冲击钻头来进行采样。目前所制造的超声波钻头/取心器（USDC）装置能够取出岩心和岩屑,在未来的行星探测中,有着非常重要的优点。主要介绍USDC的优点、各装置的结构及其性能特点,以供我国月球探测工程及未来深空探测参考借鉴。     

定向羽状水平井在晋南沁水盆地煤层气开发应用中存在的问题

定向羽状水平井是指通过定向井、多分支水平井技术,由地面垂直向下钻至造斜点后以中、小曲率半径侧斜钻进目的煤层主水平井,再从主井两侧不同位置水平侧钻分支井,进而形成像羽毛状的多分支水平井。这一技术是一项复杂的系统工程,目前在中国煤层气领域还处在研究和试验阶段,尚未形成一系列成熟的工艺与技术。只有通过对国内现有的定向井、分支井、水平井钻井技术,井眼轨迹精确控制技术和煤储层保护技术进行整合,吸收国外的先进技术和管理经验,并进行实际工程研究和试验,将各种技术进行优化组合,逐步积累经验,不断地完善,最终才能形成一整套适合于中国煤层气地质特征的多分支羽状水平井技术。