盐度变化对携带白斑综合症病毒(WSSV)的凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)的影响

研究盐度渐变和突变对WSSV在凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)体内增殖的影响。结果表明,盐度由起始盐度(23±1)往高盐度(32±1)和低盐度(14±1)突变在整个实验中对凡纳滨对虾的累积死亡率和对虾体内病毒增殖的影响显著(P0.05),先感染WSSV实验,高盐度、起始盐度、低盐度累积死亡率分别为(61.1±10.7)%、(48.9±1.9)%、(63.3±12.0)%,病毒含量分别为6.0×107、3.7×106、5.3×107 copy/g;后感染WSSV实验,分别为(75.6±3.8)%、(52.2±13.4)%、(63.3±3.3)%;病毒含量分别为5.7×107、2.3×106、2.8×107 copy/g。盐度渐变实验各组至24h对虾死亡率低于18.9%,48h出现死亡高峰,72—96h存在显著差异(P0.05),先感染WSSV实验,高盐度、起始盐度、低盐度最大死亡率分别为(75.6±5.1)%、(38.9±5.1)%、(69.3±6.9)%,病毒含量分别为7.6×107、5.3×106、2.4×106copy/g;后感染WSSV实验分别为(46.7±10)%、(45.6±18.9)%、(74.4±13.9)%;病毒含量分别为5.1×106、4.8×105、1.0×107 copy/g。因此盐度变化会影响对虾的抗病能力,可造成对虾体内WSSV快速增殖;对携带WSSV对虾,盐度变化会大大提高WSSV从潜伏感染转为急性感染的可能,盐度是引起WSSV从潜伏感染转为急性感染的关键影响因子之一。     

DNA identification of the phyllosoma diet of Jasus edwardsii and Scyllarus sp. Z

The development of an effective artificial larval diet has been a major stumbling block for advancing the aquaculture of spiny lobsters internationally. Attempts to determine the natural diet of spiny lobster larvae have been impeded by their small size and sparse distribution in the open ocean, making these larvae difficult to study using conventional methods. Recent advances in molecular genetic techniques have provided a novel route for identifying the natural prey of spiny lobster larvae (phyllosoma). In this study, sequences from zooplankton found associated with phyllosomas, along with sequences from GenBank, were used to design a suite of group-specific primers. These primers were able to amplify via the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) a short (100–200 base pair) DNA fragment from the 16S or COI locus of potential prey but not from lobster. These methods were applied to four wild-caught phyllosomas of Jasus edwardsii and two phyllosomas of Scyllarus sp. Z. Gadiforme, Cnidaria, Gastropoda and Decapoda crustacean (non-lobster) DNA sequences were obtained from the gut contents of these lobster larvae and inferred as prey. These initial results confirm previous studies using other less definitive methods which have indicated that phyllosomas are opportunistic predators of a wide range of zooplankton taxa.     

广西茅尾海牡蛎天然种苗种类鉴定和群体组成的初步分析

了解广西茅尾海牡蛎种质资源现状,有助于提高牡蛎采苗效果。通过在茅尾海采集常见5种牡蛎成体,并在牡蛎不同繁殖高峰期分别采集牡蛎D型幼虫DⅠ、DⅡ,在不同附着期分别采集牡蛎幼苗MⅠ、MⅡ、MⅢ,采用多重PCR技术对牡蛎成体、稚贝及幼虫进行种类鉴定。香港巨牡蛎(Crassostrea hongkongensis)在茅尾海牡蛎稚贝和幼虫高峰期均属于优势种;稚贝中香港巨牡蛎、有明巨牡蛎(Crassostrea ariakensis)和熊本牡蛎(Crassostrea sikamea)3个种类的平均比例分别为88.3%、6.7%和5.0%,香港巨牡蛎与熊本牡蛎、有名巨牡蛎相比差异显著(P0.05),熊本牡蛎与有明巨牡蛎差异不显著(P0.05)。香港巨牡蛎是茅尾海牡蛎优势种,7月12日之前投放采苗器可采集到数量多、种类单一的香港巨牡蛎。7月12日之后投放采苗器,附着的稚贝中有明巨牡蛎和熊本牡蛎比例增加,影响采苗效果及养殖生产。     

同时检测海洋贝类包纳米虫和派琴虫的双重TaqMan MGB探针实时荧光PCR方法

根据包纳米虫（Bonamia sp.）SSU rDNA和派琴虫（Perkinsus sp.）ITS rDNA的保守区序列,设计特异性引物和Taqman MGB探针,建立了同时检测上述两种贝类原虫的双重实时荧光PCR方法.该方法可检测到包纳米虫基因的446拷贝质粒,以及派琴虫基因的171拷贝质粒,具有较高的灵敏度.以10倍系列稀释的包纳米虫阳性标准品质粒和派琴虫阳性标准品质粒为模板,测得该方法的定量标准曲线相关系数分别为0.999和1.000,显示出很好的扩增效率.同时该方法与尼氏单孢子虫（Haplosporidium nelsoni）、沿岸单孢子虫（H.costale）等其他贝类原虫,以及副溶血性弧菌（Vibrio parahaemolyticus）、迟缓爱德华氏菌（Edwardsiella tarda）和鮰爱德华氏菌（E.ictaluri）等海水养殖常见致病菌之间无交叉反应,表现出较高的特异性.福建莆田的湄州湾、平海湾、兴化湾等地采集的296份贝类临床样本的检测证明,该方法是一种有效的快速检测鉴定上述2种贝类原虫的方法,具有良好的灵敏度和特异性,可广泛应用于海洋贝类原虫感染情况调查,以及贝类疫病检疫监控等领域.     

黄鳍鲷（Sparus latus）两种生长激素受体的cDNA克隆及组织表达分析

采用RT-PCR方法克隆了黄鳍鲷两种生长激素受体（Growth hormone receptor,GHR）的cDNA序列,序列分析表明：GHR1开放阅读框为1935bp,共编码645个氨基酸,GHR2开放阅读框为1749bp,共编码583个氨基酸,GHR1与GHR2的氨基酸同源性为36.7%。GHR1和GHR2在分子结...     

长牡蛎细胞周期调控关键基因cyclin B3 的克隆及其在性腺发育中的作用

首次在长牡蛎（Crassostrea gigas）中克隆得到细胞周期蛋白B3（cyclin B3）的cDNA 全长序列和基因组结构序列。cyclin B3 基因cDNA 全长2383 bp, 其中编码区长度为1293 bp, 编码一条含430 个氨基酸的多肽链, 氨基酸序列比对和结构域分析均表明其为其他物种cyclin...     

Retrieval of Atmospheric Horizontal Visibility by Statistical Regression from NOAA/AVHRR Satellite Data

Based on the atmospheric horizontal visibility data from forty-seven observational stations along the eastern coast of China near the Taiwan Strait and simultaneous NOAA/AVHRR multichannel satellite data during January 2001 to December 2002, the spectral characters associated with visibility were investigated. Successful retrieval of visibility from multichannel NOAA/AVHRR data was performed using the principal component regression （PCR） method. A sample of retrieved visibility distribution was discussed with a sea fog process. The correlation coefficient between the observed and retrieved visibility was about 0.82, which is far higher than the 99.9% confidence level by statistical test. The rate of successful retrieval is 94.98% of the 458 cases during 2001 2002. The error distribution showed that high visibilities were usually under-estimated and low visibilities were over-estimated and the relative error between the observed and retrieved visibilities was about 21.4%.     

高效液相色谱-串联质谱法同时测定食用植物油中多种有机锡化合物

有机锡化合物已广泛应用于食品包装材料及其生产过程中,对人体健康存在着潜在的危害。特别是食用植物油因甘油三酯(脂肪)含量较高,约占植物油的95%以上,给分析检测带来较大的基体干扰。本文采用低温冷冻提取结合固相萃取技术,建立了高效液相色谱-串联质谱法同时测定食用植物油样品中二丁基二氯化锡、二苯基二氯化锡、三丁基氯化锡、三苯基氯化锡同时分析的方法。实验对比了甲醇、乙腈、乙醇三种有机萃取溶剂分别在低温冷冻提取和常规液液振荡提取条件下的提取效率,并考察了PSA、中性氧化铝、弗罗里硅土及活性炭四种净化材料对食用油提取液的净化效果。确定了食用油中有机锡化合物的最佳提取净化方案为:以10 m L甲醇为提取溶剂在低温冷冻条件下充分提取两次,并通过50 mg活性炭净化提取液。为评价该方法的准确性,对食用油样品进行三个不同水平的添加回收实验,各有机锡化合物的平均回收率在74.2%~99.5%之间,接近或优于现行国标及相关研究(70%~120%),可应用于菜籽油、花生油、芝麻油、大豆油、玉米油及调和油等不同基质的食用植物油中有机锡化合物的同时测定。