斑节对虾虾苗白斑综合症杆状病毒的检测和养殖跟踪

利用 2步 PCR检测技术对湛江和阳西地区的虾苗进行白斑综合病杆状病毒 ( WSSV)检测。在仔虾 2日龄最早检测到病毒 ,有 2 5%的虾苗带有 WSSV病毒。带病毒虾苗和不带病毒虾苗分别在不同养殖模式的养殖过程中跟踪。前者在湛江湖光镇普通虾塘跟踪养殖 ,它们在变化的环境中容易发病 ,p H、盐度和温度是重要的诱发因子 ,在养殖 50～ 60 d时发病死亡 ;后者在高位池和普通池养殖跟踪 ,它们对变化的环境有较大的适应性 ,养殖时间为 80～ 1 1 0 d,在相对优良的养殖技术条件下大部分可望养殖成功。环境中有 WSSV病原传入 ,不带病毒虾苗在养殖后期可以带有 WSSV病毒 ,出现白斑虾。跟踪的普通池有爆发病害 ,但是时间延后 ,跟踪的高位池没有爆发病害。     

中国明对虾TOR 基因的克隆及精氨酸、亮氨酸对其表达的影响

首次从中国明对虾(Fenneropenaeus chinensiss)肌肉组织中克隆得到TOR基因的cDNA,全长共7 638 bp,开放阅读框7 389 bp,编码2 462个氨基酸。氨基酸序列比对和结构域分析均证实其为目前已知的TOR激酶的同源蛋白。应用实时定量PCR的方法研究TOR在中国明对虾中的组织分布特异性,以及注射等浓度的亮氨酸和精氨酸后,肌肉组织中TOR mRNA表达水平在3,6,12,24 h的变化,探讨营养水平对TOR基因表达的影响。结果显示,注射亮氨酸和精氨酸24 h的对虾TOR mRNA表达量是对照组的3~4倍,显著升高(P0.05),证实氨基酸对TOR的表达具有调节作用。     

马氏珠母贝DNA快速一步法(ROSE)提取及ISSR-PCR应用

以马氏珠母贝(Pinctada martensii)为材料，采用一步法(ROSE)提取DNA，并将提取的DNA应用于ISSR扩增。结果表明：ROSE法提取DNA比常用的SDS法简易，快捷，无污染物产生，节省费用99％，DNA提取效率相当。ROSE法和常用的SDS法提取的DNA分别用于ISSR分析．可以获得一致性很好的扩增效果。因此，ROSE法提取DNA是一种适合于海洋贝类大规模提取DNA的有效方法。     

扁浒苔PCR 快速检测方法研究

扁浒苔(Ulva compressa)能够导致绿潮灾害,对其开展快速检测技术研究是预防和控制其危害的重要技术手段。根据石莼属不同种类核糖体基因转录间隔区域(ITS)的序列设计了一对检测扁浒苔的特异性引物,并对其反应条件和体系进行了优化。PCR特异性检测结果表明,供试扁浒苔均扩增出与预期大小相一致的330 bp产物,而对缘管浒苔(Ulva linza)、浒苔(U.prolifera)、曲浒苔(U.flexuosae)、孔石莼(U.pertusa)的检测结果全为阴性。PCR灵敏度试验表明,该PCR体系最低可以检测到10 pg的扁浒苔DNA模板。本快速检测方法为扁浒苔的早期识别与有效治理提供了科学依据,对相关扁浒苔产业和生态学等研究也具有一定参考意义。     

Criteria for aging and sexing New Zealand oystercatchers

Criteria based on external characters are presented for aging and sexing the three New Zealand species of oystercatcher, Haematopus ostralegus finschi Martens, 1897, H. unicolor Forster, 1844, and H. chathamensis Hartert, 1927. Four classes are discerned: juveniles have brown dorsal plumage, a brown iris and grey legs; second‐year birds have an orange‐red iris and pale pink legs; sub‐adults have a dull red iris and pink legs; adults have a scarlet iris and bright coral pink legs. The three species can be sexed by discriminant analysis of the sexually dimorphic characters bill length (x ₁), bill length:bill depth (x ₂) and bill length:bill width (x ₃). Linear functions and discriminating values for predicting sex are :

H. ostralegus finschi 0.46x ₁+3.15x ₂+2.94x ₃, 77.41;

H. unicolor 0.12x₁+6.52x₂+2.85x₃ , 58.05; and

H. chathamemis ‐0.93x ₁+1.50x ₂+7.48x ₃, ‐20.86.

Similarly, the sexes of immature H. ostralegus finschi can be predicted :

juveniles 0.73x₁+ 5.76x ₂ + 3.10 _x3 116.57;

second‐year birds 0.57x ₁+5.12x ₂+ 0.98x ₈, 84.84; and

sub‐adults 0.55x ₁+1.88x ₂+ 1.08x ₃, 65.90.’     

南极菌Pseudoalteromonas sp.S-15-13引导糖基转移酶基因表达对环境因子变化的响应

为了探讨胞外多糖在南极微生物低温适应性中的作用与机制,克隆了南极菌Pseudoalteromonas sp.S-15-13的引导糖基转移酶(GTF)核心片段,并采用Real-Time PCR的方法研究了温度、冻融循环、盐浓度、pH等条件对该糖基转移酶基因(gtf)表达的影响。结果表明,低温有利于gtf的表达,短时的低温刺激(2℃)1 h后,gtf的表达量即上调为对照的1.5倍;而该菌经4和10℃培养24 h后gtf的表达量约为20℃时的8~12倍;经过冻融循环gtf的表达量上调,在第2个冻融循环后gtf 的表达量较对照提高了3.667倍;盐浓度对gtf的影响表现为低促高抑,即NaCl含量为6.0 %时gtf 的表达量是对照(3.0%)的3.59倍,当NaCl含量达9.0 %时gtf 表达量则显著下调;在一定范围内(pH5.0~8.0),pH的改变会促进gtf 的表达,当pH为6.0时gtf 表达量约为pH7.0时的2倍。该结果为探讨胞外多糖在南极微生物环境适应性中的作用与机制提供了科学依据。     

Construction of cDNA library from intestine, mesentery and coelomocyte of Apostichopus japonicus Selenka infected with Vibrio sp. and a preliminary analysis of immunity-related genes

The aquaculture of sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus (Echinodermata, Holothuroidea) has grown rapidly during recent years and has become an important sector of the marine industry in Northern China. However, with the rapid growth of the industry and the use of non-standard culture techniques, epidemic diseases of A. japonicus now pose increasing problems to the industry. To screen the genes with stress response to bacterial infection in sea cucumber at a genome wide level, we constructed a cDNA library from A. japonicus Selenka (Aspidochirotida: Stichopodidae) after infecting them with Vibrio sp. for 48 h. Total RNA was extracted from the intestine, mesentery and coelomocyte of infected sea cucumber using Trizol and mRNA was isolated by Oligotex mRNA Kits. The ligated cDNAs were transformed into DH5α, and a library of 3.24×105 clones (3.24×105 cfu mL-1) was obtained with the sizes of inserted fragments ranging from 0.8 to 2.5 kb. Sequencing the cDNA clones resulted in a total of 1106 ESTs that passed the quality control. BlastX and BlastN searches have identified 168 (31.5%) ESTs sharing significant homology with known sequences in NCBI protein or nucleotide databases. Among a panel of 25 putative immunity-related genes, serum lectin isoform, complement component 3, complement component 3-like genes were further studied by real-time PCR and they all increased more than 5 fold in response to Vibrio sp. challenge. Our library provides a valuable molecular tool for future study of invertebrate immunity against bacterial infection and our gene expression data indicates the importance of the immune system in the evolution and development of sea cucumber.     

马氏珠母贝外套膜中央膜与边缘膜荧光定量PCR分析中内参基因的筛选

为筛选能在马氏珠母贝外套膜边缘膜与中央膜区域稳定表达的内参基因,应用荧光定量PCR 技术,对3-磷酸脱氢酶（GAPDH）、β-肌动蛋白（β-actin）、胆色素原脱氨酶（PBGD）、微管蛋白（TUB）、TATA 盒结合蛋白（TBP）、磷脂酶A2（PLA-2）、葡萄糖苷酶（GUSB）、18S 核糖体rRNA（18SrRNA）等8 个常用的内参基因在马氏珠母贝外套膜边缘膜与中央膜区域的表达情况进行分析,并利用geNorm、NormFinder、BestKeeper 及RefFinder 软件对8 个内参基因的表达稳定性进行分析.结果表明：8 个内参基因均可获得特异性扩增产物,但稳定性各异, 其在外套膜边缘膜和中央膜区的表达稳定性顺序依次为PBGD/TBP〉TUB〉GUSB〉18SrRNA〉PLA-2〉GAPDH〉 β-actin;在荧光定量PCR 中,PBGD 和TBP 在马氏珠母贝外套膜边缘膜和中央膜区的表达比较稳定,为研究贝壳矿化机制中理想的内参基因.