短蛸(Octopus ocellatus)过氧化物还原酶(OoPrx-4)基因的克隆及其对鳗弧菌胁迫的转录调控分析

从本研究前期构建的短蛸(Octopus ocellatus)cDNA文库中克隆得到过氧化物还原酶(OoPrx-4)基因的cDNA全长,该基因cDNA全长934bp,包括5′非编码区(UTR)19bp,3′UTR177bp,开放阅读框(ORF)738bp,共编码245个氨基酸,理论等电点为6.65,预测分子量27.1kDa。采用实时荧光定量PCR法分析了OoPrx-4基因在短蛸各组织及鳗弧菌胁迫下的表达规律,结果表明,OoPrx-4在短蛸血细胞、肌肉、系统心脏、鳃、胃、肾囊、性腺、外套膜和肝胰腺等检测组织中都有表达,其中在肝胰腺的表达量最高。经鳗弧菌刺激后,Prx-4在血细胞中的表达量分别在6h和48h出现了两次明显上调。Prx-4作为抗氧化酶可能在减少机体因抵御鳗弧菌胁迫所产生的过氧化物方面发挥重要的作用。     

山东滨海盐碱地柽柳林下微生物量变化特征及其影响因素

以山东昌邑国家级海洋生态特别保护区内柽柳林下土壤微生物为研究对象, 测定了其微生物量变化. 结果表明: 研究区细菌、真菌及古菌基因平均拷贝数分别为8.24×10⁶ copies·g^-1、1.51×10⁴ copies·g^-1和2.85×10⁴ copies·g^-1, 微生物量碳、氮平均值分别为140.54 mg·kg^-1和29.19 mg·kg^-1. 自密集区经稀疏区到边缘区, 随植被盖度的降低, 微生物量呈现降低的趋势. 相关分析表明, 不同植被盖度所造成的有机质输入的差异是造成这种变化规律的主要因素.     

大竹蛏(Solen grandis)铁蛋白基因的克隆及其在转录水平上对微生物多糖的应答

本研究克隆获得了一个大竹蛏(Solen grandis)铁蛋白(SgFer)基因的cDNA全长,其序列全长为848bp,5’和3’端的非编码区分别为111bp和212bp,开放阅读框525bp,推测编码174个氨基酸,预测分子量为20.2kDa,理论等电点为5.20。通过荧光定量PCR法研究了SgFer在健康大竹蛏组织中以及大竹蛏受到微生物多糖刺激后的表达规律,结果表明,SgFer在血细胞、鳃、外套膜、肌肉、性腺和肝胰腺等组织器官中均有表达,在肝胰腺中的表达量最高。SgFer在大竹蛏受到肽聚糖(PGN)和葡聚糖(glucan)刺激后,其mRNA的表达量显著上调,分别在刺激后6h和12h达到最高;而脂多糖(LPS)刺激不能诱导其mRNA表达量上调。SgFer可能参与大竹蛏对微生物多糖的清除反应。     

Criteria for aging and sexing New Zealand oystercatchers

Criteria based on external characters are presented for aging and sexing the three New Zealand species of oystercatcher, Haematopus ostralegus finschi Martens, 1897, H. unicolor Forster, 1844, and H. chathamensis Hartert, 1927. Four classes are discerned: juveniles have brown dorsal plumage, a brown iris and grey legs; second‐year birds have an orange‐red iris and pale pink legs; sub‐adults have a dull red iris and pink legs; adults have a scarlet iris and bright coral pink legs. The three species can be sexed by discriminant analysis of the sexually dimorphic characters bill length (x ₁), bill length:bill depth (x ₂) and bill length:bill width (x ₃). Linear functions and discriminating values for predicting sex are :

H. ostralegus finschi 0.46x ₁+3.15x ₂+2.94x ₃, 77.41;

H. unicolor 0.12x₁+6.52x₂+2.85x₃ , 58.05; and

H. chathamemis ‐0.93x ₁+1.50x ₂+7.48x ₃, ‐20.86.

Similarly, the sexes of immature H. ostralegus finschi can be predicted :

juveniles 0.73x₁+ 5.76x ₂ + 3.10 _x3 116.57;

second‐year birds 0.57x ₁+5.12x ₂+ 0.98x ₈, 84.84; and

sub‐adults 0.55x ₁+1.88x ₂+ 1.08x ₃, 65.90.’     

宁波沿海陆源排污口细菌结构多样性和铁代谢相关的毒力基因的研究

应用多重PCR技术对肠杆菌铁代谢相关毒力基因fhuA、irp2、sltA和sodB进行同步检测, 研究宁波沿海陆源排污口人畜共患致病菌群落结构在人类活动影响下的分布差异及对环境因子变化的响应趋势。通过16S rRNA 基因的PCR扩增和限制性片段长度多态性(restriction fragment length polymorphism, RFLP)分析技术, 研究了东海重要陆源排污口的细菌群落多样性; 建立肠杆菌铁载体外膜受体蛋白fhuA、铁调节蛋白irp2、类志贺样毒素sltA、含铁超氧物歧化酶sodB基因多重PCR体系, 并用该体系检测铁代谢相关毒力基因在陆源排污口的分布情况。2011年3、5、8、10月份, 在宁波沿海陆源排污口中共分离纯化1000余株、98种细菌, 16S rRNA 基因序列分析表明, 它们分属于4个门5个纲13个科21个属, 其中?-变形杆菌纲(67株, 68.4%)和芽孢杆菌纲(16株, 16.3%)分别为变形菌门、厚壁菌门中主要纲。98株细菌中, fhuA+irp2+sodB+基因型检出率为35.71%; fhuA+irp2+ sltA+的基因型检出率为25.27%; irp2的基因型检出率为13.19%; fhuA基因型检出率为12.09%; fhuA+ irp2+ 基因型检出率为9.89%; sltA+sodB+基因型检出率为8.79%; fhuA+irp2+sodB+sltA+基因型检出率为8.79%。     

THE EFFECT OF MEAN CENTERING ON PREDICTION IN MULTIVARIATE CALIBRATION

Traditionally,one form of preprocessing in multivariate calibration methods such as principal componentregression and partial least squares is mean centering the independent variables(responses)and thedependent variables(concentrations).However,upon examination of the statistical issue of errorpropagation in multivariate calibration,it was found that mean centering is not advised for some datastructures.In this paper it is shown that for response data which(i)vary linearly with concentration,(ii)have no baseline(when there is a component with a non-zero response that does not change inconcentration)and(iii)have no closure in the concentrations(for each sample the concentrations of allcomponents add to a constant,e.g.100%)it is better not to mean center the calibration data.That is,the prediction errors as evaluated by a root mean square error statistic will be smaller for a model madewith the raw data than a model made with mean-centered data.With simulated data relativeimprovements ranging from 1% to 13% were observed depending on the amount of error in thecalibration concentrations and responses.     

凡纳滨对虾卵黄蛋白原和血蓝蛋白mRNA在卵巢不同发育时期的半定量和实时荧光定量PCR分析

卵黄蛋白原和血蓝蛋白是凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeusvannamei)卵巢和/或肝胰腺合成的重要蛋白。利用半定量和荧光定量PCR技术分别检测了亲虾卵巢不同发育期卵黄蛋白原和血蓝蛋白mRNA在卵巢和肝胰腺的相对表达量。结果显示,卵黄蛋白原mRNA在卵巢和肝胰腺中均有表达,其相对表达量随着卵巢发育持续增加,在第五期达到最高,在恢复期迅速下降。根据卵巢和肝胰腺质量的综合计算,凡纳滨对虾的卵黄蛋白中,卵巢的贡献率占主导地位,约占80%,而肝胰腺仅为卵巢的四分之一。血蓝蛋白mRNA主要在肝胰腺中表达,随着卵巢的发育,表达量呈增加趋势,至第三期达到高峰,其后稍有下降,但仍然维持在较高水平,在第六期恢复到初始水平。血蓝蛋白是否直接或间接参与了卵黄发生和卵巢发育有待进一步探讨研究。     

香港牡蛎(Crassostrea hongkongensis)水通道蛋白基因AQP1的克隆、分子特性和表达分析

水通道蛋白1(Aquaporin1,AQP1)是一类通过渗透梯度将水或一些小的中性分子快速穿过细胞膜的通道蛋白。通过RT-PCR和RACE技术克隆获得了香港牡蛎AQP1基因全长,并命名为Ch AQP1(Gen Bank登录号:KJ704847)。该基因全长1153bp,开放阅读框长度为888bp,编码295个氨基酸残基。Ch AQP1基因包括1个保守的MIP结构域、6个跨膜区、5个连接环、2个NPA(Asn-Pro-Ala)基序和选择性水孔构件ar/R(aromatic/arginine)。系统学分析表明Ch AQP1属于AQP1-like型水通道蛋白。m RNA组织分布结果显示,Ch AQP1在各个组织中均有表达,其中在闭壳肌和外套膜中表达量相对较高。利用实时定量PCR分析高、低盐胁迫下其在鳃中的表达模式,结果表明,Ch AQP1 m RNA表达量在低盐处理下基本没有太大变化;在高盐胁迫下,第1天(P0.01)、第3天和第5天(P0.05)显著下调;这说明Ch AQP1基因参与了香港牡蛎的渗透压平衡调节。     

Detection of spatial fluctuations of non-point source fecal pollution in coral reef surrounding waters in southwestern Puerto Rico using PCR-based assays

Human fecal contamination of coral reefs is a major cause of concern. Conventional methods used to monitor microbial water quality cannot be used to discriminate between different fecal pollution sources. Fecal coliforms, enterococci, and human-specific Bacteroides (HF183, HF134), general Bacteroides-Prevotella (GB32), and Clostridium coccoides group (CP) 16S rDNA PCR assays were used to test for the presence of non-point source fecal contamination across the southwestern Puerto Rico shelf. Inshore waters were highly turbid, consistently receiving fecal pollution from variable sources, and showing the highest frequency of positive molecular marker signals. Signals were also detected at offshore waters in compliance with existing microbiological quality regulations. Phylogenetic analysis showed that most isolates were of human fecal origin. The geographic extent of non-point source fecal pollution was large and impacted extensive coral reef systems. This could have deleterious long-term impacts on public health, local fisheries and in tourism potential if not adequately addressed.     

Establishment of microsatellite-based triplex PCR for parentage analysis of Chinese shrimp Fenneropenaeus chinensis

Through exploring the microsatellite primers from the random genome sequences of Chinese shrimp (Fenneropenaeus chinensis), some microsatellite primers were obtained with rich polymorphic genetic information, and a triplex PCR was established using three primers (RS1101, RS0683 and H081 primers). By adjusting the final concentration of Mg2 , dNTP and primers, and using a touch-town PCR program, the optimum amplification parameters of PCR system were obtained, which could successfully amplify the three primers in a PCR reaction. In the denatured PAGE gel, the amplified DNA fragments of three primers RS1101, RS0683 and H081 could be easily identified each other. For the triplex PCR system, the PPE (probabilities of paternity exclusion) is 0.967 9, and the DP (discrimination power) is 0.999 327. Using the triplex PCR to test ten individuals of a parentage and their parents, an individual was excluded from the parentage in all of the three microsatellite loci, which might be mixed into the parentage for some unknown reason such as factitious misplay. The triplex PCR will be of great practical value in identifying the parentages of F. chinensis.