1981-2010年中国散射光合有效辐射的估算及时空特征分析

光合有效辐射（Photosynthetically active radiation,PAR）是植物光合作用的主要能量来源,其散射组分能够增强植被冠层光能利用率,从而增加碳吸收。因此,散射PAR是生态系统生产力模型的重要驱动因子。本文尝试估算我国1981-2010 年的散射PAR,通过空间化得到近30 年月尺度10 km分辨率的散射PAR空间数据集,并分析了其空间分布特征和时间变化趋势。结果表明：（1）1981-2010 年散射PAR多年平均值的空间分布具有明显的空间异质性,总体上东北部较低,南部和西部较高。全国范围内的多年平均值在6.66~15.27 mol m^-2 d^-1之间,且夏季散射PAR最大,冬季最小。（2）1981-2010 年全国所有像素散射PAR年平均值表现出明显的上升趋势,上升幅度为0.03 mol m^-2 d^-1/10a;但前10 年下降趋势明显,且1982、1983、1991 和1992 年存在明显异常。春季的散射PAR呈现微弱的下降趋势,其他季节均呈上升趋势。（3）1981-2010 年散射PAR时间变化率的空间分布具有明显的季节变化和区域差异,我国大体呈现南部区域上升,北部区域下降。     

MODIS大气产品的光合有效辐射估算研究

利用气溶胶、水汽、云以及臭氧等MODIS标准大气产品,在简单辐射传输模型基础上估算青藏高原光合有效辐射,经验证估算的光合有效辐射与实测数据存在显著的线性相关,相关系数在0.8—0.9之间,最大误差为13%。经过敏感性分析发现云层厚度、气溶胶含量以及大气压力对光合有效辐射的影响大。臭氧和水汽含量的变化不敏感。云层厚度、Angstrom浑浊度系数和大气压力分别变化30%、25%和15%时,光合有效辐射变化分别为20%、5%和5%。     

珠江口红树群落太阳光合有效辐射利用效率的研究

本文通过对珠江口红树热植、群落能量现存量、群落能量净固定量和太阳光合有效辐射利用效率的研究，为珠江口红树林保护、造林提供依据。     

Everyday Encounters with Activist Scholarship

In light of the grave challenges ahead under the Trump administration and the rise of right-wing populism in the West, it is critical that geographers across subdisciplines embrace activist and engaged scholarship. Opportunities for such engagement often emerge organically in our everyday lives at the intersection between personal interests, ethics and commitments, and nascent research agendas. In this article, I share two experiences with community-engaged and activist research: (1) establishing the Los Puentes Spanish–English dual-language immersion program in partnership with a low-income rural North Carolina public school system and (2) collaborating on the Building Austin, Building Injustice participatory action research project with a community-based workers center to document and lobby for improvements to construction workers’ conditions in Austin, Texas. Through a situated and positioned personal account, I seek to not only provide two examples of activist research but also illustrate the diversity of encounters and how they can emerge in unlikely places and outside conventional “activist” arenas. In conclusion, I draw on lessons learned through these experiences to reflect on the various challenges and opportunities for activist scholarship within geography in the future.     

Radiative transfer code: Application to the calculation of PAR

The production of carbon in the ocean, the so-called primary production, depends on various physicobiological parameters: the biomass and nutrient amounts in oceans, the salinity and temperature of the water and the light available in the water column. We focus on the visible spectrum of the solar radiation defined as the Photosynthetically Active Radiation (PAR). We developed a model (Chamiet al. 1997) to simulate the behavior of the solar beam in the atmosphere and the ocean. We first describe the theoretical basis of the code and the method we used to solve the radiative transfer equation (RTE): the successive orders of scattering (SO). The second part deals with a sensitivity study of the PAR just above and below the sea surface for various atmospheric conditions. In a cloudy sky, we computed a ratio between vector fluxes just above the sea surface and spherical fluxes just beneath the sea surface. When the optical thickness of the cloud increases this ratio remains constant and around 1.29. This parameter is convenient to convert vector flux at the sea surface as retrieved from satellite to PAR. Subsequently, we show how solar radiation as vector flux rather than P A R leads to an underestimate of the primary production up to 40% for extreme cases.     

北方玉米冠层光合有效辐射垂直分布及影响因子分析

玉米冠层内光合有效辐射(PAR)的大小直接影响冠层内叶片的光合作用,进而影响玉米净第一性生产力或作物产量的准确评估。为弄清玉米冠层内光合有效辐射的分布规律及其影响因子,基于锦州玉米农田生态系统于2006年生育期的光合有效辐射观测数据和叶面积指数动态观测数据,对玉米冠层光合有效辐射的垂直分布特征及其影响因子进行了分析。结果表明:玉米冠层内不同垂直层次叶片的PAR分布随生育期变化显著,与叶面积指数呈显著的负相关(R2=0.89);玉米冠层光合有效辐射的消光系数K值在生育期呈动态变化,约为0.76,且表现为苗期较大、生育后期较小。分析表明,在进行光合有效辐射及与此密切相关的光合作用模拟时,应考虑消光系数的动态变化。     

影响植被内部辐射状况的冠层结构特征研究

植被冠层结构特征是影响植被内部辐射状况的重要因子之一,对于植被群体的光合特性来说,冠层结构特性影响了光合有效辐射的截获、吸收和透射。本文着重分析了冠层结构的数量特征（如叶面积指数）和冠层几何结构特征,综合考虑叶倾角、叶方位角和Ｇ函数等群体几何特征,以便直接用于遥感光合植被生物量机理估测模型的建立。     

北方玉米冠层光合有效辐射垂直分布及影响因子分析

玉米冠层内光合有效辐射（PAR）的大小直接影响冠层内叶片的光合作用,进而影响玉米净第一性生产力或作物产量的准确评估。为弄清玉米冠层内光合有效辐射的分布规律及其影响因子,基于锦州玉米农田生态系统于2006年生育期的光合有效辐射观测数据和叶面积指数动态观测数据,对玉米冠层光合有效辐射的垂直分布特征及其影响因子进行了分析。结果表明：玉米冠层内不同垂直层次叶片的PAR分布随生育期变化显著,与叶面积指数呈显著的负相关（R2=0.89）;玉米冠层光合有效辐射的消光系数K值在生育期呈动态变化,约为0.76,且表现为苗期较大、生育后期较小。分析表明,在进行光合有效辐射及与此密切相关的光合作用模拟时,应考虑消光系数的动态变化。     

1981–2010年中国散射光合有效辐射的估算及时空特征(英文)

Photosynthetically active radiation(PAR) is the energy source of plant photosynthesis, and the diffuse component can enhance canopy light use efficiency, thereby increasing the carbon uptake. Therefore, diffuse PAR is an important driving factor of ecosystem productivity models. In this study, we estimated the diffuse PAR of over 700 meteorological sites in China from 1981 to 2010 using an empirical model based on observational data from Chinese Ecosystem Research Network(CERN) and China Meteorology Administration. Then we derived the spatial data set of 10 km monthly diffuse PAR using ANUSPLIN software, and analyzed the spatiotemporal variation characteristics of diffuse PAR through GIS and trend analysis techniques. The results showed that:(1) The spatial patterns of annual average diffuse PAR during 1981–2010 are heterogeneous across China, lower in the northeast and higher in the west and south. The nationwide average value for 30 years ranges from 6.66 mol m-2 d-1 to 15.27 mol m-2 d-1, and the value in summer is the biggest while the value in winter is the smallest.(2) There is an evident increasing trend of annual diffuse PAR during recent 30 years, with the increasing amplitude at 0.03 mol m-2 d-1/10a. But a significant declining trend is shown in the first 10 years, and obvious anomalies can be seen in 1982, 1983, 1991 and 1992. And there is a downtrend in spring and an uptrend in all the other seasons.(3) The spatial distribution of temporal variation rates of diffuse PAR is inhomogeneous across the country, generally decreasing in the north and increasing in the south.     

Effects of UV-B radiation and different light repair conditions on the early development of the tetraspores of Chondrus ocellatus Holm

The effects of exposure to UV-B radiation,280-315 nm,and dark or dark repair conditions on the early development of Chondrus ocellatus Holm collected from Qingdao coast were studied under the laboratory condition.After being exposed to different doses [0,36,72,108,144 and 180 J/(m 2 · d)] of UV-B radiation,one treatment of tetraspores were put back to normal culture condition (PAR),the other treatment were put into dark condition to repair for 2 h.During the cultivation,the diameter of the tetraspores were recorded every 4 d till the 50th day when vertical branches formed in all treatments.Then at the 50th day,CPDs,phycoerythrin,chlorophyll a and MAAs (Palythine and asterina-330) were measured.The results showed that low doses UV-B radiation could significantly accelerate the growth rate of the tetraspores of C.ocellatus and the growth rate reduced gradually with UV-B radiation keep on increasing.The variation trend of both the phycoerythrin and chlorophyll a concentration reduced significantly ( P < 0.05) once given the UV-B radiation. Under UV-B stress,the CPDs were induced,and the concentrations of CPDs were significant low in dark repair groups.The data of MAAs analyzed by LC/MS in the tetraspores of C. ocellatus suggested that there were two MAAs formed (palythine and asterina-330) after UV-B radiation induced, and low dose of UV-B irradiation could significantly induced the concentration of MAAs.From the growth and development state of the tetraspores,negative effects of UV-B radiation on the dark repair groups were more serious than PAR.